Double-electron above threshold ionization of helium

We present calculations of intense-field multiphoton ionization processes in helium at XUV wavelengths. The calculations are obtained from a full-dimensional integration of the two-electron time-dependent Schr����dinger equation. A momentum-space analysis of the ionizing two-electron wavepacket reveals the existence of double-electron above threshold ionization (DATI). In momentum-space two distinct forms of DATI are resolved, namely non-sequential and sequential. In non-sequential DATI correlated electrons resonantly absorb and share energy in integer units of ��laser.

A phase 2 study of high-activity 186Re-HEDP with autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplant in progressive hormone-refractory prostate cancer metastatic to bone

Purpose: We investigated the potential for improvement in disease control by use of autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplant (PBSCT) to permit administration of high activities of 186Re-hydroxyethylidene diphosphonate (HEDP) in patients with progressive hormone-refractory prostate cancer (HRPC).<br/><br/>Methods: Eligible patients had progressive HRPC metastatic to bone, good performance status and minimal soft tissue disease. Patients received 5,000 MBq of 186Re-HEDP i.v., followed 14 days later by PBSCT. Response was assessed using PSA, survival, pain scores and quality of life.<br/><br/>Results: Thirty-eight patients with a median age of 67 years (range 50���77) and a median PSA of 57 ng/ml (range 4���3,628) received a median activity of 4,978 MBq 186Re-HEDP (range 4,770���5,100 MBq). The most serious toxicity was short-lived grade 3 thrombocytopenia in 8 (21%) patients. The median survival of the group is 21 months (95%CI 18���24 months) with Kaplan-Meier estimated 1- and 2-year survival rates of 83% and 40% respectively. Thirty-one patients (81%, 95% CI 66���90%) had stable or reduced PSA levels 3 months post therapy while 11 (29%, 95% CI 15���49%) had PSA reductions of &gt;50% lasting &gt;4 weeks. Quality of life measures were stable or improved in 27 (66%) at 3 months.<br/><br/>Conclusion: We have shown that it is feasible and safe to deliver high-activity radioisotope therapy with PBSCT to men with metastatic HRPC. Response rates and survival data are encouraging; however, further research is needed to define optimal role of this treatment approach.

High-energy cutoff in the spectrum of strong-field nonsequential double ionization

Electron energy distributions of singly and doubly ionized helium in an intense 390 nm laser field have been measured at two intensities (0.8 PW/cm(2) and 1.1 PW/cm(2), where PW equivalent to 10(15) W/cm(2)). Numerical solutions of the full-dimensional time-dependent helium Schrodinger equation show excellent agreement with the experimental measurements. The high-energy portion of the two-electron energy distributions reveals an unexpected 5U(p) cutoff for the double ionization (DI) process and leads to a proposed model for DI below the quasiclassical threshold.

Bolsa Familia Program and school enrolment: An analysis of the 2010 Brazilian demographic census

The Bolsa Fam��lia Program goal is to promote social development and poverty reduction, through the direct transfer of conditional cash, in association with other social programs. This study aims to analyze whether Bolsa Fam��lia had an association with children���s school attendance, which is one of the educational conditions of the program. Our main hypothesis is that children living in households receiving Bolsa Fam��lia had greater chances of attending school. Data from the Ministry of Social Development and Combating Famine indicated that children living in households with Bolsa Fam��lia had greater school enrolment levels. By using data from the 2010 Demographic Census, collected by the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE), some descriptive analyzes and binary logistic regression models were performed for different thresholds of household per capita income. These estimates were made by comparing children who lived in households receiving Bolsa Fam��lia to those children not receiving the program. We took into consideration characteristics about the household, mothers, and children. The results were clustered by the municipality of residence of the child. In all income thresholds, children benefi ting from Bolsa Fam��lia were more likely to be enrolled in school, compared to children not receiving the benefi t.