Farinha de v��sceras de aves em ra����es para a til��pia do Nilo (Oreochromis niloticus L.) durante a fase de revers��o sexual

Neste trabalho, objetivou-se avaliar o desempenho, a sobreviv��ncia e a efetividade de revers��o de larvas de til��pia do Nilo (Oreochromis niloticus L.) alimentadas com ra����es contendo n��veis crescentes de inclus��o de farinha de v��sceras de aves (FVA). Utilizou-se 500 larvas de til��pia do Nilo com dois dias de idade, distribu��das em um delineamento inteiramente casualizado com cinco tratamentos e cinco repeti����es, sendo a unidade experimental constitu��da por um aqu��rio de 30 L com 20 larvas. Foram elaboradas cinco ra����es com cinco n��veis de inclus��o de FVA ( 0; 20; 40, 60% e 60% mais lisina sint��tica). Foram elaboradas ra����es isocal��ricas, isoc��lcicas, isofosf��ricas e isoprot��icas, com 60mg de a-metiltestosterona/kg, 38,6% de prote��na digest��vel e 3.700 kcal de energia digest��vel/kg, de modo que a ra����o com inclus��o de lisina foi isoaminoac��dica para lisina em rela����o �� ra����o sem a inclus��o de FVA. O arra��oamento foi realizado quatro vezes ao dia, ad libitum. Ao final, foram avaliadas as m��dias de peso final (PF), comprimento total (CT), sobreviv��ncia (SO) e efetividade de revers��o (ER). Foi observado aumento linear no PF e CT com o aumento da inclus��o da FVA na ra����o, enquanto, para SO, a ra����o sem FVA foi inferior ��s demais. As ra����es sem inclus��o de FVA e com 20% de inclus��o de lisina proporcionaram PF e CT m��dios inferiores e somente a ra����o sem FVA foi inferior para SO. Conclui-se que a FVA pode ser utilizada em ra����es para a til��pia do Nilo durante a revers��o sexual.

Densidade de estocagem para produ����o de Acar��-bandeira em viveiros escavados em policultivo com Camar��o-da-amaz��nia

The aim of this study was to evaluate the production of Freshwater Angelfish (Pterophyllum scalare) in different stocking densities in cages polycultured with Amazon River Prawn (Macrobrachium amazonicum). Four treatments were evaluated (1; 2; 3 and 4 fish. 10 L(-1)) using two ponds and 24 experimental units. Water quality parameter reached adequate levels for the species. Production data were submitted to ANOVA. Fish produced in the lowest density showed higher values of final weight and standard length, and lower total biomass in comparison with the others treatments. Feed conversion rate, survival, batch uniformity and body factor were not significant different among treatments. The highest density tested produced more fish and gross yield than the others treatments. The density 20 fish. 10L(-1) is recommended to produce Freshwater Angelfish in cages polycultured with Amazon River Prawn.

Arsenic Geochemitry in Warm Spring Ponds: New Field and Experimental Results

Silver Bow Creek (SBC) flows into the Warm Springs Ponds Operable Unit (WSPOU), where various containment cells are used to precipitate copper and other metals (e.g., Cd, Cu, Mn, Pb, Zn). Lime is added seasonally to increase the pH and assist in removal of metals from the water column. Although the WSPOU is effective at removing copper and other cationic trace metals, concentrations of dissolved arsenic exiting the facility are often above the site specific standard, 20 20 ug/L, during low-flow periods each summer and fall. This thesis is a continuation of arsenic geochemistry studies by Montana Tech in the WSPOU. Field work focused on Pond 3, the largest and first in the series of treatment ponds. Shallow groundwater was sampled from 8 PVC piezometers located near the south end of Pond 3. Three sediment pore-water diffusion samplers (���peepers���) were also deployed at the south end of Pond 3 to examine vertical gradients in chemistry in the top 25 cm of the pond sediment. In general, the pH and Eh values of the shallow groundwater and sediment pore-water were less than in the pond water. Concentrations of arsenic were generally higher in subsurface water, and tended to pass through a maximum (up to 530 ���g/L) about 10 cm below the sediment-water interface. In the peeper cells, there was a strong positive correlation between dissolved As and dissolved Fe, and an inverse correlation with sulfate. Therefore, the zone of arsenic release corresponds to a zone of bacterial Fe and sulfate reduction in the shallow, organic-rich sediment. Redox speciation of arsenic shows that arsenate (As(V)) is dominant in the pond, and arsenite (As(III)) is dominant in the subsurface water. A series of laboratory experiments with pH adjustment were completed using SBC water collected near the inlet to the WSPOU as well as water and shallow sediment collected from Pond 3. Water �� sediment mesocosms were set up in 1-L Nalgene bottles (closed system) or a 20-L aquarium (open system), both with continuous stirring. The pH of the mesocosm was adjusted by addition of NaOH or HNO3 acid. The closed system provided better pH control since the water was not in contact with the atmosphere, which prevented exchange of carbon dioxide. In both the closed and open systems, dissolved arsenic concentrations either decreased or stayed roughly the same with increase in pH to values > 11. Therefore, the release of dissolved As into the treatment ponds in low-flow periods is not due to changes in pH alone. All of these results support the hypothesis that the arsenic release in WSPOU is linked to microbial reduction of ferric oxide minerals in the organic-rich sediment. Upwards diffusion of dissolved As from the sediment pore-water into the pond water is the most likely explanation for the increase in As concentration of the WSPOU in low-flow periods.

Development of an ecotoxicological protocol for the deep-sea fauna using the hydrothermal vent shrimp Rimicaris exoculata

In light of deep-sea mining industry development, particularly interested in massive-sulphide deposits enriched in metals with high commercial value, efforts are increasing to better understand potential environmental impacts to local fauna. The aim of this study was to assess the natural background levels of biomarkers in the hydrothermal vent shrimp Rimicaris exoculata and their responses to copper exposure at in situ pressure (30MPa) as well as the effects of depressurization and pressurization of the high-pressure aquarium IPOCAMP. R. exoculata were collected from the chimney walls of the hydrothermal vent site TAG (Mid Atlantic Ridge) at 3630m depth during the BICOSE cruise in 2014. Tissue metal accumulation was quantified in different tissues (gills, hepatopancreas and muscle) and a battery of biomarkers was measured: metal exposure (metallothioneins), oxidative stress (catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione-S-transferase and glutathione peroxidase) and oxidative damage (lipid peroxidation). Data show a higher concentration of Cu in the hepatopancreas and a slight increase in the gills after incubations (for both exposed groups). Significant induction of metallothioneins was observed in the gills of shrimps exposed to 4��M of Cu compared to the control group. Moreover, activities of enzymes were detected for the in situ group, showing a background protection against metal toxicity. Results suggest that the proposed method, including a physiologically critical step of pressurizing and depressurizing the test chamber to enable the seawater exchange during exposure to contaminants, is not affecting metal accumulation and biomarkers response and may prove a useful method to assess toxicity of contaminants in deep-sea species.

Ambi��ncia mon��stica e pr��tica lit��rgico-musical p��s-tridentinas no mosteiro de S. Bento de C��stris

Abstract In the current historiographical production there is a manifest interest for the history of female religiosity. The mystic phenomenon, the everyday life and the temporal dimension of the communities, in terms of familiar and social connection to the outside of cloistered spaces, manifestations of creativity and culture, are increasingly treated issues. This interest is also expressed about the Cistercian Order in Portugal. In the female branch, the monastery of St. Benedict of C��stris, officially Cistercian for more than 700 years, has been the target of an interdisciplinary approach that intents to appreciate the impact of the reflections of the Council of Trent in the musical praxis of the nuns. This community, subject to Alcoba��a and controlled through Visitors, registers in its documentation not only the presence of nuns that sang and played various instruments, arising mainly from ��vora region, a city with a recognized musical tradition, but also registers various expenses related with the musical practice of the monastery. Resumo Regista-se, na actual produ����o historiogr��fica, um interesse manifesto pela hist��ria da religiosidade feminina. O fen��meno m��stico, o viver quotidiano e a dimens��o temporal das comunidades, em termos de liga����o familiar e social ao exterior dos espa��os-clausura, as manifesta����es de criatividade e cultura, s��o quest��es cada vez mais tratadas. Esse interesse manifesta-se tamb��m para a Ordem de Cister em Portugal, sendo que, no ramo feminino, o mosteiro de S. Bento de C��stris, oficialmente cisterciense h�� mais de 700 anos, vem sendo alvo de uma abordagem multidisciplinar que procura apreciar os reflexos do Conc��lio de Trento na praxis musical das religiosas. Esta comunidade, sujeita a Alcoba��a e por ela controlada atrav��s dos Visitadores, regista na sua documenta����o n��o s�� a presen��a de religiosas cantoras e tangedoras de v��rios instrumentos, oriundas maioritariamente da regi��o de ��vora, cidade com uma tradi����o musical reconhecida, como diversas despesas relacionadas com a pr��tica musical do mosteiro.

Alexander Scriabin: the definition of a new sound space in the crisis of tonality

This dissertation describes the new compositional system introduced by Scriabin in 1909��� 1910, focusing on Feuillet d���Album op. 58, Po��me op. 59, n��1, Pr��lude op. 59, n��2 and Prometh��e op. 60. Based upon exhaustive pitch and formal analysis the present study (a) claims the inexistence of non-functional pitches in all analysed works, (b) shows that transpositional procedures have structural consequences on the ���basic chord���, and (c) for the first time advances an explanation on the intrinsic relation between the sonata form and the slow Luce line in Prometh��e op. 60; RESUMO: Sob o t��tulo de ���Alexander Scriabin: a defini����o dum novo espa��o sonoro na crise da Tonalidade���, a presente tese descreve o novo sistema compositivo introduzido por Scriabin em 1909��� 1910, tomando como ponto de partida o estudo de Feuillet d���Album op. 58, Po��me op. 59, n��1, Pr��lude op. 59, n��2 e Prometh��e op. 60. Baseando-se numa an��lise exaustiva das alturas e da forma, este estudo (a) conclui pela inexist��ncia de alturas n��o funcionais em qualquer das obras analisadas, (b) mostra que os procedimentos transpositivos t��m consequ��ncias estruturais no ���acorde b��sico���, e (c) pela primeira vez explica a estrutura formal de Prometh��e op. 60 a partir da rela����o intr��nseca entre a sua forma sonata e a linha lenta de Luce.

Decomposition of organic matter in the presence of the herbicide clomazone.

Clomazone (2-(2-chlorophenyl) methyl-4.4-dimethyl-3-isoxazolidinone) is a post emergence herbicide widely used in rice fields in Rio Grande do Sul (Brazil) with high activity against Gramineae at the recommended application rate of 700 g/ha. The presence of this chemical in the water may affect microorganisms responsible for the decomposition of organic matter. Thus, a disturbe in the trophic chain sustained by the decompositors could happen. In the present work the decomposition rate of organic matter (Typha latifolia) exposed to several concentrations of a clomazone formulation: 0 (control), 25.0, 62.0, 156.0, 390.0 and 976.0mg/L on the basis of the active ingredient was evaluated. Five litter bags containing about 3.0g of pieces of T. latifolia leaves wereplaced in aquariums with 15 of reconstituted water. In cach aquarium were added 500g of sediment from the same place of the plant collection, as a source of decompositors microorganisms. The results relative tothe control, showed that the decomposition rate in the highest and lowest dose was reduced in 50.05 and 1,28%, respectively, after 80 days.