Serviço de atendimento móvel de urgência (SAMU) e a assistência às urgências psiquiátricas

The objective of this work which is characterized as an applied research, with a qualitative exploratory approach and has case study character has been the analysis of the conceptions and dealings of health professionals of SAMU in Natal RN about the attendance of psychiatric urgencies. The information was collected between the months of March and April of 2010, by means of semi-structured interviews, performed with 24 health professionals integrating of SAMU-Natal as well as the usage of direct observation technique, performed in the institution's medical regulation room. Both the number of professionals involved in the interviews and the bringing about of the observations, were determined by saturation methods in qualitative research's information collecting. The interviews and observations were transcribed and submitted to contents analysis technique , more specifically, to thematic analysis, which made possible to reach the deepest levels, that go beyond what has simply been manifest in the speech of the interviewed, getting to the relations among the categories and social structures of the issue of the research. Keeping this in mind, three analysis categories have been built, namely: conceptions and concepts of psychiatric urgencies shared by health professionals in SAMU-Natal; attendances to psychiatric urgencies in SAMU-Natal; and the Brazilian Psychiatric Reformation under the view of the SAMU-Natal's health professionals. Reflection about the analyzed information revealed discussions pertaining to the stigma and prejudice on mental illness, and also, pointed out to some hindrances which impair the attendance to individuals in mental suffering in SAMU-Natal. The interviewed health professionals' conceptions on the individual in psychical crisis involve concepts of unpredictability, aggressiveness and risk, stigmatizing elements and historically associated to the social hazard ideology and need for mentally sicks' segregation. The predominance of these conceptions, seen in health professionals speech, had identifiable reflexes on assistance to psychiatric demands performed by SAMU-Natal, namely: indiscriminate request for military police's presence during psychic crisis intervention, neglect about occasions that involve mental health patients, as well as repetitive assisting practice directed on physical contention, and transportation to psychiatric hospital. Associated to it, the professionals have shown distorted and reductionist understanding about Brazilian Psychiatric Reformation, and, in the majority, haven't lent credibility to present model of attention to mental health, based on psycho-social treatment, pointing their speech to a need for psychiatric patient's internment. In this sense, we notice that the hospital-centered and excluding model conceived by classical psychiatry still remains alive in these health professionals' mentality as a reference to psychiatric urgency's assistance. Therefore, the research revealed a sequence of elements, that make us think about the challenges that health sector and society must face to realize Brazilian Psychiatric Reformation's principles and guidelines

Trajetória do hospital dia Dr. Elger nunes: um recorte histórico da psiquiatria e saúde mental no Rio Grande do Norte

In Brazil, the mental health network proposed by the Psychiatric Reform inserts the intermediate and replacement services in the pursuit of alignment or resocialization of patients with mental and behavioral disorder in the community. Was adopted, among other services, the Center for Psychosocial Care, Home Therapy, Sheltered Home, Day Hospital and psychiatric beds in general hospital. In this context, the State of Rio Grande do Norte implanted the Day Hospital Dr. Elger Nunes (HDEN) in Natal / RN in 1996, linked to State Department of Public Health. At HDEN happened a multi and interdisciplinary therapeutic work, besides being the scene of disciplinary practices, and extension projects for graduate courses in Higher Education Institutions in the city. However, with the process of decentralization of local services, the hospital was terminated by an administrative state act in 2006, leaving damage to the activities provided to users, disciplinary practices and extension activities. From this breakdown, the objective was to narrate the trajectory of HDEN through a multidisciplinary team of professionals and teachers who used it as a field of disciplinary practices. It is characterized as a documental and qualitative, backed in the technique of thematic oral history, following the phases: authorization of the interviewee, interview recording, transcription, textualization and transcreation of the material obtained. We used documents, ordinances, general reports of activities, among others, plus interviews to fifteen employees who used this service, being thirteen part of the multidisciplinary team of professionals and two graduation professors of health care area, nursing and medicine. The stories collected were organized according to the technique chosen, respecting its steps. In preparing the body subjected to ALCESTE computer program, priority was given to the vital tone for the formation of categories and classes elected by the program, structured in three thematic areas. In the first axis, called Trajectory of HDEN, were recalled the beginning of its activities, the steps of that time, their activities, and its actors - users, families, professionals, and teaching practices. The second axis has dealt with the process of extinction of HDEN, rescuing the feelings of employees, the main reasons given at the time and immediate postextinction scenario. And the third axis revealed in an articulated form the situation of mental health in Natal / RN, listing to the challenges and prospects for the psychosocial care, starting from the trajectory of HDEN with emphasis on activities. Moreover, the trajectory of HDEN provides recognition of the historical basis outlined in the constitution of the network of substitute services present in the current scenario of psychosocial care in the city of Natal and in RN.

Mães de neonatos pré-termo hospitalizados: avaliação do apoio social e da sintomatologia ansiogênica

Social support is an important factor throughout one s life, especially in times of crisis. Premature delivery can be considered a crisis, followed by neonatal hospitalization. This type of birth is associated with elevated anxiety, representing risks to maternal mental health and mother-infant relationship. This research aims to investigate whether a relationship exists between perceived social support and the expression of anxiety in mothers of premature, hospitalized newborns. This is a cross-sectional, correlational study, conducted during the period of April to October 2011, using a convenience sample. The sample consisted of seventy mothers with preterm, hospitalized newborns and seventy mothers of full-term newborns. The instruments used were the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory and the Social Support Scale. The results demonstrated a weak negative relationship between intensity-State Anxiety and emotional support as well as a negative relationship in intensity between low to moderate-Trait Anxiety, social support and its dimensions (material support, emotional, information, interaction positive social and emotional). These suggest that the better the perception of social support, the less severe anxiogenic symptoms will be, and the converse is also true. It is noteworthy, therefore, the importance of social support, as well as the importance of health professionals to be aware not only of the physical health of the newborn, but also the psychosocial aspects that pervade the context of preterm birth followed by hospitalization

Mulheres em situação de violência e atenção em saúde mental: um estudo no município de Natal (RN)

The present study aims to meet the attention given to women with mental health needs in specialized services for the fight against violence against women, as well as psychosocial care network in the municipality of NatalRN. It is a qualitative research characterized as research-intervention that took place in the year 2011. The study started in the Centre of Reference in which individual semi-structured interviews were carried out directed to the coaching staff and manager, in order to know the care offered in relation to the aforementioned clientele. From the Reference Centre were identified through analysis of registration records, the routes traversed by users through the network of psychosocial care and hospital network. After the identification of the same were visited two day-care Centers, two psychiatric hospitals, a basic health Unit and the local shelter. In these organizations was investigated the reception and procedures offered to users in situations of violence, the knowledge of policies for women and the coordination with the attention to women, through interviews with semi-structured individual scripts directed to professionals. The interviews were analyzed taking as starting point the theoretical framework of French Institutional Analysis, which includes the assumption of events analysers for the critical reading of dimensions introduced in the practices of care of the teams that took part in the study. The survey results revealed difficulties on the part of the same host of users with this profile, both in the face of violence as services in mental health services. This fact led to the lack of support under the guarantee of their rights, ceasing the possibilities of confronting the situations of violence, as well as in the context of mental health care

Familiares de portadores de transtorno mental: vivenciando o cuidado em um centro de atenção psicossocial

Esta investigação teve por objetivo apreender como os familiares de portadores de transtorno mental têm convivido com um serviço de saúde mental. Foi utilizado o método exploratório/descritivo, de natureza qualitativa. Como instrumento de coleta de dados, utilizou-se uma entrevista semiestruturada, sendo sujeitos dessa pesquisa seis familiares que já conviviam há mais de três anos com o adoecimento psíquico. A análise dos dados permitiu inferir que os familiares que acompanham o usuário têm de lidar com um aprendizado que adquiriram na vivência cotidiana e são sujeitos à rejeição de membros da família e da comunidade; com relação ao centro de atenção psicossocial, os familiares se sentem acolhidos em suas queixas, recebendo um atendimento singular; porém, desconhecem os mecanismos para a sua participação social, o que aponta para uma deficiência do serviço, à medida que este deve estimular formas de inserção na comunidade, e da ampliação dos direitos de cidadania dos usuários.

Empresa social e economia solidária: perspectivas no campo da inserção laboral de portadores de transtorno mental

O processo da reforma psiquiátrica requer a implementação de políticas públicas que garantam a inserção laboral de portadores de transtorno mental. Para tal, é necessário que o trabalho seja compreendido como promotor de autonomia, de emancipação e de cidadania. O objetivo deste estudo é refletir acerca de concepções teóricas relacionadas à inserção social pelo trabalho, a fim de explorar o campo da inclusão de portadores de transtorno mental no mundo do trabalho. Foram escolhidos os conceitos de empresa social e de economia solidária como fundamentais para o estudo. Na empresa social, o sujeito é entendido como ser social, enfocando-se seu processo de formação no sentido da emancipação. Na economia solidária, objetiva-se o desenvolvimento de uma forma de economia mais justa que tem como característica a igualdade e a solidariedade. Sugerimos que a discussão desses conceitos possa contribuir para embasar a implantação de projetos de inclusão social pelo trabalho.

Sintomas depressivos e ansiosos em mães de recém-nascidos com e sem malformações

OBJETIVO: comparar as condições emocionais de mães cujos filhos nascem com malformações visíveis (Grupo M) com as das mães de crianças eutróficas (Grupo E) logo após o nascimento. MÉTODO: foram avaliados os sintomas de ansiedade e depressão de 22 mães de cada grupo por meio do Inventário de Depressão de Beck (BDI) e do Inventário de Ansiedade Traço-Estado (IDATE). Foram excluídas as mães portadoras de deficiência sensorial incapacitante, HIV, distúrbios psiquiátricos e síndromes genéticas. Os dados foram complementados com consultas a prontuários médicos da criança e da mãe. Para análise comparativa entre as medianas dos grupos foi utilizado o teste não-paramétrico U de Mann-Whitney; para amostras independentes e para os escores indicativos de sintomas clínicos, o teste exato de Fisher e o teste do χ2. RESULTADOS: houve diferenças significativas nas medianas dos escores das três subescalas (ansiedade-traço, ansiedade-estado e disforia/depressão) entre os dois grupos de mães. Houve uma porcentagem significativamente maior de mães do Grupo M com escores indicativos de sinais clínicos para depressão ou ansiedade no pós-parto imediato e, para ambos os quadros, quando comparadas com mães do Grupo E. Os resultados podem ser decorrentes de traços de personalidade materna, visto que os índices de ansiedade-traço eram significativamente maiores nas mães de crianças malformadas, mas especialmente pelo estado da criança, seu encaminhamento para a UTI e sua condição de vida futura. CONCLUSÕES: a porcentagem de mães de recém-nascidos com malformações visíveis que apresentou escores indicativos de sinais clínicos para ansiedade, depressão e ambos sugerem a necessidade de suporte, individual ou em grupo.

Occurrence of non-O157 Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli in dogs with diarrhea

Escherichia coli Shiga toxigênica (STEC) e E. coli Attaching- effacing (AEEC) têm sido associadas à doença diarréica em cachorros. Entre janeiro e dezembro de 2006, 92 cepas de E. coli isoladas de 25 cachorros diarréicos foram examinadas. As cepas foram analisadas para a detecção dos genes produtores de Shiga toxina (stx 1 e stx 2) e da intimina (eae). Por meio de PCR foi observado que sete cepas (7,6%) portavam o gene stx 1, cinco cepas (5,4%) carregavam o gene stx 2 e nenhum cepa apresentou ambos os genes associados. Nove cepas de E. coli (9,8%) apresentaram o gene eae isoladamente. Treze das cepas (62,0%) que apresentaram os genes stx ou eae também apresentaram a produção de a hemolisina. As cepas que apresentaram genes de virulência foram também examinadas em relação à resistência a 12 agentes antimicrobianos. As resistências mais comuns foram para cefalotina (85,7%), estreptomicina (81,0%), amoxicilina (71,4%) e gentamicina (71,4%).

Tetrasomy 15Q11-Q13 identified by fluorescence in situ hybridization in a patient with autistic disorder

We report a female child with tetrasomy of the 15q11-q13 chromosomal region, and autistic disorder associated with mental retardation, developmental problems and behavioral disorders. Combining classical and molecular cytogenetic approaches by fluorescence in situ hybridization technique, the karyotype was demonstrated as 47,XX,+mar.ish der(15)(D15Z1++,D15S11++,GABRB3++,PML-). Duplication of the 15q proximal segment represents the most consistent chromosomal abnormality reported in association with autism. The contribution of the GABA receptor subunit genes, and other genes mapped to this region, to the clinical symptoms of the disease is discussed.

DMFT index assessment and microbiological analysis of Streptococcus mutans in institutionalized patients with special needs

Aim: To assess the DMFT (D = decayed; M = missing; F = filled) index of institutionalized patients with mild and moderate physical and mental disabilities and to correlate it with the Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) counts in the supragingival bacterial biofilm. Methods: Dental examination of 28 patients aged 15 to 25 years was conducted to determine the DMFT index (number of decayed, missing and filled teeth). Supragingival plaque samples were collected from the buccal surfaces of all teeth. The samples were inoculated in SB20 medium and incubated at 37 °C for 48 hours. Spearman's correlation test was applied (p = 0.05) to evaluate the correlation between the DMFT index and the amount of S. mutans. Results: The mean DMFT recorded was 7.68 and a large mean number of S. mutans colony-forming units (cfu > 10 6) was found. No statistically significant correlation was found between the DMFT index and the number of S. mutans. Conclusions: Under the conditions of this study, no correlation was found between the DMFT index and the number of S. mutans cfu in institutionalized patients with mental retardation and physical disabilities.

Clinical and microbiological evaluation of the use of toothpaste containing 1% chlorhexidine and the influence of motivation on oral hygiene in patients with motor deficiency

Patients with motor deficiency have variable difficulties with mechanical plaque control, and as a consequence, the incidence of dental caries and periodontal disease can be higher in these patients. The objective of this study was to evaluate the clinical and microbiological efficacy of a toothpaste containing 1% chlorhexidine, which was used by patients with motor deficiency for 14 days. The reduction in plaque and gingival index and the impact on salivary microorganisms was evaluated. We conclude that the motivation of caregivers to carry out oral hygiene for patients with mental and motor deficiency is of great importance and is effective in reducing the formation of plaque as long as it is continuously reinforced. The use of chlorhexidine- containing toothpaste significantly reduced the plaque index and microorganism count between days 0 and 14. A reduction was also observed in the group that used a dentifrice without the chlorhexidine, but this difference was not significant. © 2010 Special Care Dentistry Association and Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Da loucura à ciência: as imagens e a construção das notícias sobre os transtornos mentais e de comportamentos e seus personagens na Folha de S. Paulo

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Afinando diferenças: o processo de construção artística do Coral Cênico Cidadãos Cantantes - 1996-2004

Pós-graduação em Música - IA

Eventos pré-natais e sua relação com o comportamento infantil durante a assistência odontológica

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

O cuidado em saúde mental na atenção básica: uma cartografia

Pós-graduação em Enfermagem (mestrado profissional) - FMB