489 resultados para Minério maciço hidrotermal


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The use of binders in the soil for the production of solid bricks is an old construction technique that has been used by several civilizations over time. At the same time, the need for environmental preservation and the tendency of scarcity of natural resources make the construction invest in researching new concepts, methods and materials for building systems for the sustainability of their economic activities. Thus arises the need to obtain building materials with low power consumption, capable of reducing the growing housing shortage of rural and urban population. Currently, research has been conducted on this topic to better understand the cementitious and pozzolanic reactions that occur in the formation of the microstructure of the soil-cement when added to other materials such as, for example, lime, and the relationship between microstructure and formed interfaces with the physical, mechanical and chemical analysis in compounds made from these ternary compositions. In this context, this study aimed to analyze the results of the influence of the incorporation of lime to the soil-cement to form a ternary mixture to produce soil-cement bricks and mortar without structural purposes. From the inclusion of contents of 6 %, 8 %, 10% and 12% lime to the soil, and soil-cement mixes in amounts of 2 %, 3 %, 4 % and 5 % were shaped-bodies of -cylindrical specimens to determine the optimum moisture content and maximum dry apparent specific weight. Then they were cured, and subjected to the tests of compressive strength, absorption and durability modified. Compositions obtained the best results in the tests performed on the bodies-of-proof cylindrical served as a parameter for molding of solid bricks, which underwent the same experimental methodology previously cited. The raw materials used, as well as compositions in which the bricks were molded solid, were characterized by physical and chemical tests, X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. The results obtained in the study indicate that the compositions studied, that showed the best results in terms of compressive strength, water absorption and durability ternary composition was soil, 10 % cement and 2 % lime

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Fuel cells are electrochemical devices that convert chemical energy into electricity. Due to the development of new materials, fuel cells are emerging as generating clean energy generator. Among the types of fuel cells, categorized according to the electrode type, the solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC) stand out due to be the only device entirely made of solid particles. Beyond that, their operation temperature is relatively high (between 500 and 1000 °C), allowing them to operate with high efficiency. Another aspect that promotes the use of SOFC over other cells is their ability to operate with different fuels. The CeO2 based materials doped with rare earth (TR+3) may be used as alternatives to traditional NiO-YSZ anodes as they have higher ionic conductivity and smaller ohmic losses compared to YSZ, and can operate at lower temperatures (500-800°C). In the composition of the anode, the concentration of NiO, acting as a catalyst in YSZ provides high electrical conductivity and high electrochemical activity of reactions, providing internal reform in the cell. In this work compounds of NiO - Ce1-xEuxO2-δ (x = 0.1, 0.2 and 0.3) were synthesized from polymeric precursor, Pechini, method of combustion and also by microwave-assisted hydrothermal method. The materials were characterized by the techniques of TG, TPR, XRD and FEG-SEM. The refinement of data obtained by X-ray diffraction showed that all powders of NiO - Cex-1EuxO2-δ crystallized in a cubic phase with fluorite structure, and also the presence of Ni. Through the characterizations can be proved that all routes of preparation used were effective for producing ceramics with characteristics suitable for application as SOFC anodes, but the microwave-assisted hydrothermal method showed a significant reduction in the average grain size and improved control of the compositions of the phases

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Tese (doutorado)—Universidade de Brasília, Instituto de Geociências, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Geologia, 2015.

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Extractivism mineral is considered an activity highly degrading, due to the large volume of material that he moves in the form of ore and residues. The vast majority of mining companies do not show any technology or economically viable application that will allow the recycling of mineral residue, these being launched in areas receiving located the "open skies" degrade the environment. In Rio Grande do Norte to the production of ceramic red restricts their activities to the production of products such as: solid bricks, ceramic blocks, tiles, among others. Seeking to unite experiences and technical information that favor sustainable development, with important benefits to the construction sector and civil society in general, the present work studies the incorporation of the residue of scheelite in ceramic matrix kaolinitic, coming from the municipality of Boa Saúde - RN, in percentage of 5 %, 10 %, 20 %, 30% 40% and 50 %, by evaluating its microstructure, physical properties and formulation. The raw materials were characterized through the trials of X ray fluorescence, Diffraction of X rays, Differential Thermal Analysis and Termogravimetric Analysis. The samples were formed and fired at temperatures of 850o, 900o, 1000o, 1050o, 1100o, 1150o and 1200 oC, with isotherm of 1 hour and heating rate of 10 oC/min. Assays were performed technological of loss to fire, Water Absorption, Apparent Porosity, Apparent Density, Mass Loss in Fire and Bending Resistance; in addition to the Scanning Electron Microscopy, analyzing their physical and mechanical properties. The use of residue of scheelite in ceramic mass kaolinitic provided a final product with technological properties that meet the technical standards for the production of bricks and roofing tiles, with the percentage of 20% of waste that showed the best results

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Metallic tantalum has a high commercial value due to intrinsic properties like excellent ductility, corrosion resistance, high melt and boiling points and good electrical and thermal conductivities. Nowadays, it is mostly used in the manufacture of capacitors, due to excellent dielectric properties of its oxides. In the nature, tantalum occurs in the form of oxide and it is extracted mainly from tantalite-columbite ores. The tantalum is usually produced by the reduction of its oxide, using reductants like carbon, silicon, calcium, magnesium and aluminum. Among these techniques, the aluminothermic reduction has been used as the industrial method to produce niobium, tantalum and their alloys, due to the easy removal of the Al and Al2O3 of the system, easing further refining. In conventional aluminothermic reduction an electrical resistance is used to trigger the reaction. This reaction self-propagates for all the volume of material. In this work, we have developed a novel technique of aluminothermic reduction that uses the hydrogen plasma to trigger the reaction. The results obtained by XRD, SEM and EDS show that is possible to obtain a compound rich in tantalum through this technique of aluminothermic reduction in the plasma reactor

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Considerando como caso de estudo o do maciço envolvente e subjacente à antiga mina de urânio de Quinta do Bispo (Concelho de Mangualde), composto essencialmente por granitos hercínicos e metasedimentos do Complexo Xisto-Grauváquico, estabeleceu-se uma metodologia que permitiu a construção de modelos 3D de transmissividade, equiprováveis, mediante o cruzamento de propriedades intrínsecas do maciço rochoso – neste caso particular, a litologia, o grau de alteração e a densidade de fracturação - passíveis de modelação estocástica a 3D, com propriedades hidrogeológicas do meio, medidas in situ e avaliadas deterministicamente, por via da realização e interpretação de ensaios de bombagem direcionados. A interpretação dos resultados dos ensaios de bombagem realizou-se por patamares, recorrendo-se aos métodos de “Porosidade Dupla” e de “Theis com correcção de Jacob”, tendo-se processado curvas cumulativas de valores de transmissividade em função da litologia e do grau de alteração, conforme os distintos sectores comportamentais do maciço. A metodologia adoptada levou a que os valores de transmissividade de cada célula dos modelos 3D tenham sido simulados com condicionamento aos valores experimentais dos ensaios de bombagem, ponderados de acordo com as probabilidades dessa mesma célula representar, numa dada localização no espaço, uma certa Litologia, sob um determinado Grau de Alteração que possui, quando aplicável, um certo Número de Fracturas não preenchidas. As variáveis representativas dos atributos geológicos Litologia, Grau de Alteração e Número de Fracturas, foram simuladas em cadeia pelo que os modelos de transmissividades integram a variabilidade e heterogeneidade locais destes atributos, os quais condicionam o fluxo tridimensional da água.

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O estudo de uma jazida fossilifera descoberta recentemente no Devónico do Anticlinal de Valongo(Portugal) forneceu novos elementos paleofaunisticos, biostratigrilficos e paleoambientais sobre este contexto estratigráfico. Efetuou-se uma extensa amostragem paleontológica, acompanhada por estudos de estratigrafia em que se focaram aspetos detaxonomia,tafonomia,biostratigrafia e paleoecologia de invertebrados marinhos. Durante o trabalho de campo foram descobertos vários grupos taxonómicos de invertebrados tipicos deste Sistema, entre os quais se contam corais rugosos e tabulados, briozodrios, braquiópodes, bivalves, tentaculites, crinóides, trilobites e vários fósseis problemáticos. As litofacies, a presença de ripple marks com concentrações de tentaculites reorientadas e as carateristicas paleoecológicas da associação fóssil amostrada permitem inferir a presença de um ambiente litoral, de pouca profundidade, com sedimentação siliciclástica fina e correntes de deriva de intensidade moderada. A ocorr6ncia do bizarro género Tiaracrinus, um crinóide, sugere idade compreendida entre o Lochkoviano (Devónico Inferior) e o Eifeliano (Devónico Médio). Este género é reconhecido pela primeira vez no Maciço Ibérico.

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Nos anos de 1969 e 2001 em São Sebastião das Águas Claras – MG, o rompimento de uma barragem de contenção de rejeitos de minério, provocou a morte de operários e um grave impacto ambiental. O acidente assoreou o Córrego Alegria, um dos principais cursos d’ água da região. Estes rejeitos não são tóxicos, entretanto aumentam consideravelmente a turbidez da água, alterando os parâmetros químicos, físicos e biológicos da água.O projeto PAVIECO visa à utilização dos rejeitos de minério de ferro para confecção de pavimento ecologicamente correto, retirando o rejeito de minério do córrego assoreado, tornando-o ao mesmo tempo, em um produto comercializável.O trabalho identifica e analisa a percepção ambiental dos moradores do distrito em relação à implantação do pavimento em suas respectivas áreas. Além, propõe um projeto de Educação Ambiental que contribua com o desenvolvimento local e socioambiental. Para tal, foram realizados levantamentos bibliográficos, cartográficos, fotográficos, visitas técnicas, análises, interpretações, discussões e revisões dos dados e a proposta de um programa de Educação Ambiental.Observasse a importância da Geografia neste trabalho, pois possibilita compreender as diversas relações entre o meio físico, biótico e socioeconômico.