A Resolução de problemas no ensino de matemática

The Troubleshooting is a methodology that stands out in mathematics teaching, it provides a meaningful learning, favoring the intellectual development of the student and the autonomous and critical thinking. In this work an exploratory study on the use of Problem Solving as a teaching strategy. Along it is discussed the importance of problem solving, which is a problem and their differences for years, the types of problems, how to solve a problem and as a teacher should apply problem solving in the classroom choosing problems and exercises adequate and properly questioning the student

Métodos de previsão auto-regressivo aplicado a uma série de volume de produção de caminhões

The national truck fleet has expanded strongly in recent decades. However, due to fluctuations in the demand that the market is exposed, it needed up making more effective strategic decisions of automakers. These decisions are made after an evaluation of guaranteed sales forecasts. This work aims to generate an annual forecast of truck production by Box and Jenkins methodology. They used annual data for referring forecast modeling from the year 1957 to 2014, which were obtained by the National Association of Motor Vehicle Manufacturers (Anfavea). The model used was Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) and can choose the best model for the series under study, and the ARIMA (2,1,3) as representative for conducting truck production forecast

Marcadores prosódicos da escrita literária: uma análise da obra Manuelzão e Miguilim, de Guimarães Rosa

to each other. These approaches reveal the speaker's attitudes, their feelings expressed in statements and in the contexts in which those expressions are used. Cagliari (1989) calls this kind of discursive reference as prosodic markers in literary writing. In this project, the corpus for the analysis comes from the work of Guimarães Rosa: Manuelzão e Miguilim. The main goal of the present project is to develop studies on the subject, since there is virtually nothing done about the prosodic writing markers. Develop working methods is an important objective, in order to show how the prosodic markers can be studied. This type of study is not only important to linguistics: phonetics, textual analysis and discourse, but also to literary studies. Different ages of literary expressions used differently such resources as shown by the work of Cagliari (1989). The methodology of this project starts collecting data to compose the corpus with examples categorized as prosodic markers. Then, according to prosodic theories, these expressions are classified in types. The contexts in which they appear are important elements and they will be highlighted. The narrative of the plot is also an important context. Dialogues are good source of prosodic markers. In the work of Guimarães Rosa: Manuelzão e Miguilim, it was observed that the author likes to reveal the feelings of the characters in the novel through stated words in their speech. There are prosodic markers showing feeling like: intimidating, serene, gentle, cheerful, worried, angry, with irony, etc. The authors also refer to the fact that the character pronounced his speech with different voice qualities such as loud, hoarse, whispering, etc. This project studies the association between some prosodic elements of speech and their occurrence in literary texts as prosodic writing markers, as defined in the project. The data come from the phonetic descriptions of words and expressions regarded as prosodic...

Aplicação da teoria da confiabilidade em estacas escavadas de grande diâmetro para obtenção das superfícies resistentes de projeto

In this work, the author looks forward to develop a new method capable of incorporate the concepts of the Reliability Theory and Ruin Probability in Deep Foundations, in order to do a better quantification of the uncertainties, which is intrinsic in all geotechnical projects, meanly because we don't know all the properties of the materials that we work with. Using the methodologies of Decourt Quaresma and David Cabral, resistance surfaces have been developed utilizing the data achieved from the Standard Penetration Tests performed in the field of study, in conjecture with the loads defined in the executive project of the piles. The construction of resistance surfaces shows to be a very useful tool for decision making, no matter in which phase it is current on, projecting or execution. The surfaces were developed by Kriging (using the software Surfer® 12), making it easier to visualize the geotechnical profile of the field of study. Comparing the results, the conclusion was that a high safety factor doesn't mean higher security. It is fundamental to consider the loads and resistance of the piles in the whole field, carefully choosing the project methodology responsible to define the diameter and length of the piles

O planejamento e desdobramento em ações da estratégia de uma pequena empresa varejista

This thesis presents a way to plan and deploy the strategy of a small retailing company with use of lean six sigma technics. In small companies there are mostly no future strategic planning based on the external market and customer needs. Aiming for effective strategies, it is necessary to deal with significant information and transparency of plans and targets. With lean six sigma method it can be achieved and this Thesis has the purpose of analysis of the method application in the creation of a strategy for a small company in the city of Franca, state of São Paulo. The outcomes are a financial and market analysis, a structured strategic planning, an employees function outline, the creation of plans, indicators and targets, and the employees and owners' opinion regarding the new way of working

Análise das perturbações de qualidade de energia em sistemas de distribuição e a adequação as tendências regulatórias do PRODIST

The public consultation n° 018/2014, for review the Module 8 of Procedures of Electricity Distribution (PRODIST), conducted by National Agency of Electric Energy (ANEEL), aims to improve the regulation of power quality, considering the phenomena harmonic distortion, voltage unbalance, voltage fluctuation and short term voltage variation. These regulatory changes impact in the way of analysis and treatment, of power quality disruption, by the electricity distribution. The developed work makes a study about the applications of these new regulatory requests and hopes to contribute with a better understanding. Through power quality measurements, in distribution substations, with different load profiles (industrial, urban and rural), was obtained a real view of the system, under the aspect of power quality, to evaluate the regulation adherence to the current version and proposed. In this case study, although being in accordance with the current methodology, happened a transgression of propose. With a comparative analysis, was possible to identify some phenomena that were more flexible in the proposed revision and others with more severe monitoring

Influência da cultura organizacional na implementação de um programa de melhoria contínua de uma empresa de grande porte

The objective of this study was to identify the facilitators and restrictive factors promoted by the organizational culture on the implementation of a continuous improvement program in a company. The influence of organizational culture on tools used to improve processes and results demonstrate critical factors for international competitiveness, reflecting a company's strategy. Depending on how new working methods are implemented, organizational changes to reduce variation and waste, such as lean production, can affect the employee experience in the workplace and their learning conditions. Changes and formalization of the work process can be coercive, characterized by forced compliance, introduction of rules, and focus on technical and financial methods; or may be favorable, encouraging employee involvement in problem solving and stressing learning and innovation. The basis of the analysis lies with two models for assessing organizational culture - Denison Model and Competing Values Framework. The methodology used was: conducting interviews, a questionnaire, literature review and documentary analysis of a large company equipment industry. Results suggest that organizational culture plays an important role in the adoption of Lean practices. It can contribute to its effectiveness and job satisfaction, but it is not decisive feature of their success. The conclusion is that the organizational culture becomes a driving factor when aligned to the proposed practices and when taken into consideration for planning, acting as a limitation when it does not promote development and a participative environment

Tratamento térmico de normalização em tampos de vasos de pressão fabricados de material P275NH

In a market environment increasingly competitive, the companies need to control of this process accurately, avoiding rework or rejection of materials during industrialization. This can be achieved by defining procedure that assure the maintenance of the materials characteristics, as specified initially in the projects. This graduation work has the objective of defining the best heat treatment parameter of normalizing for Heads, part of a pressure vessel, formed in P275NH material. The methodology applied is based on the execution of a sequence of Heat Treatments, using different parameters. The process variables were the cooling velocity, the hold time and the hold temperature variation. As a result of this study, it is noticed that the mechanical properties of the materials are strongly influenced by the hold temperature variation and by the cooling velocity, both determined for the heat treatment cycle

Considerações sobre a armadura transversal de pilares de concreto armado

There are regulations that establish conditions and enable the design of armor columns. The NBR 6118 features statements relating to the transverse reinforcement as spacing, reinforcement diameters provision in structural elements and others. However, the norm in force does not provide an explicit methodology for the design of stirrups in different situations. We do not propose even a calculation model for this equipment and provides normative considerations for maximum or minimum values of spacings and armor in diameter. It is noteworthy that the classical references also do not provide a calculation routine sizing of transverse reinforcement and only makes the checks as the normative conditions for the given data. Based on this assumption and the problems that may occur in sizing error, both for spacing and for the proposal of the stirrup diameter, this study demonstrates that armor calculation method already established in the literature and then through an intuitive tool and available develops a spreadsheet based on this calculation routine. It takes as reference the one developed by Emil Moersch (1902) and the calculation model proposed by BUFFONI E SILVA (2006). Finally the paper presents a rational design of shear reinforcement and confronts these values with some numerical examples to show its truth

Procedimentos do ensino da leitura no primeiro ano do ensino fundamental: concepções, estratégias e resultados

The theme of the reading in the first year of the literacy cycle has become recurrent in academic papers, research groups, discussion forums, conferences etc. and raised different positions depending on the theoretical framework with which it is studied. While it is granted that reading instruction this school year is to ensure the ability to encode and decode and learn and understand the meanings and the meanings of what we read. In this work, it formed a general objective to investigate how reading skills are being developed in the classroom and the strategies used to develop decoding and understanding of meanings. The question that formed the north to the survey was as follows: The strategies and procedures being used in the teaching of reading in the early literacy process develop the coding and decoding skills beyond the grasp and understanding of the meanings of ideas? The specific objectives were established: a) investigate how is the teaching of reading in the first grade of elementary school; b) identify the teaching strategies and the design of reading and reader that the teacher of the class has observed and relate it to the way he teaches; c) verify that the teaching of reading in the first year of the literacy process, develop the early reading skills, decoding, and favors the development of the apprehension and understanding of the meanings of what we read. The methodology included field research, from a qualitative interpretation approach and had as direct data source the natural environment in which the teaching of reading has been developed. The work then displays data results analyzed in the light of literacy concepts distinguished by Soares (2011), and reading by Silva (1983), Foucambert (1994), Solé (1998), among others. The results were extracted inferences and interpretations. It is hoped that this work raises in literacy teachers, reflections on the teaching of reading in the literacy cicle, in order to establish the...

Determinação comparativa do grau de deformação plástica aplicado a componentes obtidos por conformação

The manufacturing process of components of Pressure Vessels has a great importance in the efficiency during the operation and life cycle of the equipment. Taking this into account, the objective of this dissertation was to analyze the methods to determine the strain rate in formed components by measuring the components themselves, and posterior results comparison with the values found in manufacturing standards of Pressure vessels. In this study the whole manufacturing process of a component from a pressure vessel, known as Head or End, was accompanied. Using the methodology obtained from literatures it was possible to execute the relative and logarithmic deformation measurements of these components and compare with the obtained results by means of equations presented in the Standards as AD-Merkblatt and ASME (for pressure vessels). The found results were also compared with the logarithmic methodology, taking into account the deformation of the empirical mesh and the thickness of the components studied. It is possible to conclude from this study that despite the existence of empirical methods of measurement of strain rate in components plastically formed, it is recommended the adoption in all situation of the component manufacturing standard. It can be noticed and explained during the development of this study and through the results found

Análise de sistemas de proteção por redundância e bloqueio de energias contra acidentes em prensas e equipamentos rotativos

This monograph presents the main objective of analyzing the redundancy protection systems of protection for redundancy and block of energies against accident in presses and rotating equipment. After understanding two specific goals, on this case, show the systems of protection against accidents in rotating equipments, presses and similar; and discuss the vulnerabilities of current systems of protection against accidents in presses and similar, we will propose a system of autonomous redundancy of Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) operating simultaneously taking online in the event of failure of one of the two. The methodology was worked through a revision of a variety of bibliography, and interpretation of national and international standards as well as access to research on systems, practices used in industrial and companies supplying products and of companies and energy blockages solutions

A importância da mediação: a situação do professor mediador escolar e comunitário na Rede Estadual Paulista de Ensino

This study aims to analyze the implementation of mediation in the school environment of São Paulo State Education Network through the figure of Teacher School and Community Mediator (PMEC). Mediation arises, as an alternative and effective method for conflict resolution from existing interpersonal relationships at school. The methodology used was the exploratory and empirical research literature on the subject mediation and the analysis of the resolutions of the Secretariat of São Paulo State Education establishing the School Protection System (SPE) and made possible the performance of the PMEC within that environment. Authors like Bonafé-Schmitt (2010); Caetano, Freire and Ferreira (2009); Calcaterra (2002); Freire (2010); Jares (2002); Lederach (1996); Littlejohn and Domenici (1999); Morgado and Oliveira (2009); Torremorell (2008) and Vecchi and Greco (1999) were selected in order to provide greater familiarity with the subject mediation and conflict mediation later in the school environment. The concept of mediation, mediation templates and profiles of mediators will be explained as well as PMEC function features as regards the selection methods training main assisted cases, assignments that are stipulated by the guiding documents and what actually happens in daily practice verified the reports obtained through a semi-structured interview. Finally, we present the PMEC situation regarding the review by the leaders and attended school community and the acceptance of their work within that environment

Procedimentos de pesquisa em geografia do comércio: uma proposição para o estudo das áreas centrais em cidades médias a partir da análise dos índices de densidade informacional da cidade de São Carlos (SP)

In this work, we address the informational Density Index (IDI) a methodological Option How To be used on the Research Procedures Analysis of Commerce Geography. The IDI and an indicator of Technological Complexity level of economic activities and a review and made a database from CNEFE / NCEA, where the first signifies the National Register of Establishments for statistical purposes and the second means a National Classification Economic Activities. Elaborated with emphasis on discussion of between center and centrality relations, wish to present a constitution of a data base on level sampling with an analysis elaboration do IDI from the criteria: home-page and e - commerce. This methodology helps us understand how polycentric structures, locational enterprise well as a reflection on the middle cities using a through the analysis on city of São Carlos/SP. Where we see the establishments with greater and lesser content as well as its geographical distribution, noting of according to the criteria listed number of establishments with IDI 0 very relevant. Our analysis as well as such divisions that meet greater index, so, IDI 2 like to financial activities. Also present at methodological level the city of São José do Rio Preto/SP paragraph seizure of care when working there in database

A literatura no Ensino Fundamental - anos iniciais: entre o prazer emancipatório e o escolar pragmático

The Children's Literature is an invaluable tool for human formation, ethics, aesthetics and politics, as well as serves as an instrument for the formation of interdiscourse and transforms teaching procedures of text written production. Then, the investigation of how the literature is being worked in school. Therefore, in this work, constitutes the general objective, to investigate how the teaching of Children's Literature is organized in the early years of elementary school and if that organization promotes the development of literary literacy of the student, and language skills written and the reader behavior, making it critical on several topics. The question that served as a north to the research was the following one: is Teaching Children's Literature, in the early years of elementary school, organized to develop the literary literacy while acting as a catalyst tool for learning to read and write? Have been established the following objectives: a) describe how the teaching of children's literature is organized (teaching routine) in the 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th and 5th years of elementary school ; b) identify the literary genres that have worked in each school year, describe how they are worked out, analyze whether this work is related to the teaching of writing and the nature of that relation ship; c) verify if the Children's Literature teaching procedure seeks ways to articulate literary activities with the establishment of the interdiscourse as content for writing the textual production. The methodology that was included was the field research, from a qualitative interpretation approach and it had as direct data source the natural environment in which it was developed the teaching of Children's Literature. The work presents data results analyzed according to the concepts of Aesthetics of Reception (Iser, 1977; Jauss, 1977), and the functions of Literature, according to Candido (2000), Yasuda (2004), among others. From the results were extracted