865 resultados para Mestrado em Matemática para o Ensino


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In the last decades the study of integer-valued time series has gained notoriety due to its broad applicability (modeling the number of car accidents in a given highway, or the number of people infected by a virus are two examples). One of the main interests of this area of study is to make forecasts, and for this reason it is very important to propose methods to make such forecasts, which consist of nonnegative integer values, due to the discrete nature of the data. In this work, we focus on the study and proposal of forecasts one, two and h steps ahead for integer-valued second-order autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity processes [INARCH (2)], and in determining some theoretical properties of this model, such as the ordinary moments of its marginal distribution and the asymptotic distribution of its conditional least squares estimators. In addition, we study, via Monte Carlo simulation, the behavior of the estimators for the parameters of INARCH(2) processes obtained using three di erent methods (Yule- Walker, conditional least squares, and conditional maximum likelihood), in terms of mean squared error, mean absolute error and bias. We present some forecast proposals for INARCH(2) processes, which are compared again via Monte Carlo simulation. As an application of this proposed theory, we model a dataset related to the number of live male births of mothers living at Riachuelo city, in the state of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil.

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In the last decades the study of integer-valued time series has gained notoriety due to its broad applicability (modeling the number of car accidents in a given highway, or the number of people infected by a virus are two examples). One of the main interests of this area of study is to make forecasts, and for this reason it is very important to propose methods to make such forecasts, which consist of nonnegative integer values, due to the discrete nature of the data. In this work, we focus on the study and proposal of forecasts one, two and h steps ahead for integer-valued second-order autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity processes [INARCH (2)], and in determining some theoretical properties of this model, such as the ordinary moments of its marginal distribution and the asymptotic distribution of its conditional least squares estimators. In addition, we study, via Monte Carlo simulation, the behavior of the estimators for the parameters of INARCH(2) processes obtained using three di erent methods (Yule- Walker, conditional least squares, and conditional maximum likelihood), in terms of mean squared error, mean absolute error and bias. We present some forecast proposals for INARCH(2) processes, which are compared again via Monte Carlo simulation. As an application of this proposed theory, we model a dataset related to the number of live male births of mothers living at Riachuelo city, in the state of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil.

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The classifier support vector machine is used in several problems in various areas of knowledge. Basically the method used in this classier is to end the hyperplane that maximizes the distance between the groups, to increase the generalization of the classifier. In this work, we treated some problems of binary classification of data obtained by electroencephalography (EEG) and electromyography (EMG) using Support Vector Machine with some complementary techniques, such as: Principal Component Analysis to identify the active regions of the brain, the periodogram method which is obtained by Fourier analysis to help discriminate between groups and Simple Moving Average to eliminate some of the existing noise in the data. It was developed two functions in the software R, for the realization of training tasks and classification. Also, it was proposed two weights systems and a summarized measure to help on deciding in classification of groups. The application of these techniques, weights and the summarized measure in the classier, showed quite satisfactory results, where the best results were an average rate of 95.31% to visual stimuli data, 100% of correct classification for epilepsy data and rates of 91.22% and 96.89% to object motion data for two subjects.

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In this master thesis, we propose a multiscale mathematical and computational model for electrokinetic phenomena in porous media electrically charged. We consider a porous medium rigid and incompressible saturated by an electrolyte solution containing four monovalent ionic solutes completely diluted in the aqueous solvent. Initially we developed the modeling electrical double layer how objective to compute the electrical potential, surface density of electrical charges and considering two chemical reactions, we propose a 2-pK model for calculating the chemical adsorption occurring in the domain of electrical double layer. Having the nanoscopic model, we deduce a model in the microscale, where the electrochemical adsorption of ions, protonation/ deprotonation reactions and zeta potential obtained in the nanoscale, are incorporated through the conditions of interface uid/solid of the Stokes problem and transportation of ions, modeled by equations of Nernst-Planck. Using the homogenization technique of periodic structures, we develop a model in macroscopic scale with respective cells problems for the e ective macroscopic parameters of equations. Finally, we propose several numerical simulations of the multiscale model for uid ow and transport of reactive ionic solute in a saturated aqueous solution of kaolinite. Using nanoscopic model we propose some numerical simulations of electrochemical adsorption phenomena in the electrical double layer. Making use of the nite element method discretize the macroscopic model and propose some numerical simulations in basic and acid system aiming to quantify the transport of ionic solutes in porous media electrically charged.

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In this master thesis, we propose a multiscale mathematical and computational model for electrokinetic phenomena in porous media electrically charged. We consider a porous medium rigid and incompressible saturated by an electrolyte solution containing four monovalent ionic solutes completely diluted in the aqueous solvent. Initially we developed the modeling electrical double layer how objective to compute the electrical potential, surface density of electrical charges and considering two chemical reactions, we propose a 2-pK model for calculating the chemical adsorption occurring in the domain of electrical double layer. Having the nanoscopic model, we deduce a model in the microscale, where the electrochemical adsorption of ions, protonation/ deprotonation reactions and zeta potential obtained in the nanoscale, are incorporated through the conditions of interface uid/solid of the Stokes problem and transportation of ions, modeled by equations of Nernst-Planck. Using the homogenization technique of periodic structures, we develop a model in macroscopic scale with respective cells problems for the e ective macroscopic parameters of equations. Finally, we propose several numerical simulations of the multiscale model for uid ow and transport of reactive ionic solute in a saturated aqueous solution of kaolinite. Using nanoscopic model we propose some numerical simulations of electrochemical adsorption phenomena in the electrical double layer. Making use of the nite element method discretize the macroscopic model and propose some numerical simulations in basic and acid system aiming to quantify the transport of ionic solutes in porous media electrically charged.

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Survival models deals with the modelling of time to event data. In certain situations, a share of the population can no longer be subjected to the event occurrence. In this context, the cure fraction models emerged. Among the models that incorporate a fraction of cured one of the most known is the promotion time model. In the present study we discuss hypothesis testing in the promotion time model with Weibull distribution for the failure times of susceptible individuals. Hypothesis testing in this model may be performed based on likelihood ratio, gradient, score or Wald statistics. The critical values are obtained from asymptotic approximations, which may result in size distortions in nite sample sizes. This study proposes bootstrap corrections to the aforementioned tests and Bartlett bootstrap to the likelihood ratio statistic in Weibull promotion time model. Using Monte Carlo simulations we compared the nite sample performances of the proposed corrections in contrast with the usual tests. The numerical evidence favors the proposed corrected tests. At the end of the work an empirical application is presented.

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This research work aims to make a study of the algebraic theory of matrix monic polynomials, as well as the definitions, concepts and properties with respect to block eigenvalues, block eigenvectors and solvents of P(X). We investigte the main relations between the matrix polynomial and the Companion and Vandermonde matrices. We study the construction of matrix polynomials with certain solvents and the extention of the Power Method, to calculate block eigenvalues and solvents of P(X). Through the relationship between the dominant block eigenvalue of the Companion matrix and the dominant solvent of P(X) it is possible to obtain the convergence of the algorithm for the dominant solvent of the matrix polynomial. We illustrate with numerical examples for diferent cases of convergence.

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

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Relatório de estágio para a obtenção do grau de mestre em Educação pré-escolar e 1º Ciclo do ensino básico

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The present research has character exploratory, bibliographic and qualitative. It is based in consolidated scientific arguments in cognitive theories inspired in constructivist method and, under this perspective proposes to develop a didactic guide oriented to students of courses MOOCs - Massive Open Online Courses that will make it possible to maximize the utilization and the assimilation of the knowledge available in these courses. Intends also prepare these students in practice of a methodology of storage that enables the knowledge acquired are not lost nor be forgotten over the course of time. The theoretical framework, based on the theories of Meaningful Learning (Ausubel), the Genetic Epistemology (Piaget), Socioconstructivist (Vigotsky) and the Multimedia Learning (Mayer), subsidizes the understanding of important concepts such as meaningful learning, previous knowledge, and conceptual maps. Supported by fundamental contribution of the Theory of Categories, which are inter-related to concepts applicable to teaching methodology supported by use of structured knowledge maps in the establishment of the binomial teaching-learning; and with valuable study performed by teachers Luciano Lima (UFU) and Rubens Barbosa Filho (UEMS) that culminated with the development of Exponential Effective Memorization Method in Binary Base (Double MEB).

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This study was guided by the following question: Is it possible to prepare good teachers for Basic School in Distance Learning (DL) online? The over all objective of this study was to identify and systematize the essential knowledge and skills for the practice of teaching in basic education as well to investigate whe ther the Distance Learning courses which train and prepare future teachers include all the knowledge and skills necessary for teaching practice. This is a qualitative the oretical and bibliographic research that aims to analyze the current stageof the knowledge on this theme. We selected recent papers on this subject, in order to study what has been written by the authors as well to know which are their significant findings. Data were collected from dissertations, thesis and books published on the theme. Preliminarily, the theme of the presentation and contextualization has been made and the argument about the relevance of the study for education. In the second section, we present an overview of the Distance Education in Brazil: coargumentncepts, characteristics, emergence, evolution and regulation. The third section the working environmentin training teachers and students in on line education, targeting to be familiar to Learning Virtual Environments (LVE), analyzing how these new learning spaces are settled and how students and teachers be have in front of the new settings of teaching and learning using Information and Communication Technologies (ICT). In the fourth section aimed to identify which are the essential knowledges and skills that the teacher must master in order to work competently as well to discover which are the personal and professional characteristics of a good teacher in the XXI century. The fifth section studied and analyzed the current situation with in Distance Education is carried out in Brazil. We identified the most significant contributions of Distance Learning to Brazilian Education System in order to contribute to advances in the debate on the effectiveness of teacher training courses in distance education mode online.Finally in the sixth section were made final remarks and presented the study results.

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Este relatório de Mestrado diz respeito à componente da Pratica de Ensino Supervisionada do Mestrado do 1.º Ciclo do Ensino Básico, e é composto por duas partes: Na primeira parte, componente reflexiva, apresento as experiencias e aprendizagens por mim vividas em contexto de sala de aula, no que à relação professor-aluno diz respeito. Referindo a importância das reflexões semanais e a dimensão afetiva que é na minha opinião, uma ferramenta determinante no processo de ensino-aprendizagem. Destaquei por isso as características do professor, com especial enfoque nos estilos e estratégias do mesmo, evidenciando os caminhos que facilitam as aprendizagens, em especial o dos afetos. Na segunda parte referente à componente investigativa, realizei uma investigação para perceber como se pode desenvolver a visualização espacial em alunos do 3.º ano de escolaridade. Este estudo pretende perceber de que forma os materiais didáticos podem ou não potencializar o desenvolvimento da visualização espacial, e quais as estratégias e dificuldades apresentadas pelos alunos em tarefas que promovem o desenvolvimento da visualização espacial. A parte investigativa está estruturada em seis capítulos. No primeiro capítulo apresento os objetivos do estudo e as questões de investigação, faço ainda referência à motivação, à pertinência e organização do estudo. No capítulo seguinte, podemos encontrar o enquadramento teórico que incide sobre o ensino da geometria nos primeiros anos de escolaridade e o conceito de sentido espacial. O terceiro capítulo refere-se à metodologia adotada, o trabalho realizado seguiu uma abordagem qualitativa, com o paradigma interpretativo e design de estudo de caso. No quarto capítulo apresento a sequência de tarefas implementadas no âmbito da proposta pedagógica. O quinto capítulo debruça-se sobre às produções dos alunos e ao percurso realizado desde o pré-teste até ao pós-teste. No último capítulo, refiro as conclusões principais, e respondo às questões da investigação, destaco ainda, limitações e recomendações deste trabalho. Termino com uma reflexão final do trajeto percorrido nesta investigação.

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O presente relatório foi elaborado no âmbito do Mestrado em Educação PréEscolar e Ensino do 1.º Ciclo do Ensino Básico para a obtenção do grau de mestre. Ao longo do corpo do mesmo encontram-se descritas as intervenções pedagógicas realizadas no pré-escolar e no 1.º ciclo do ensino básico, antecedidas por uma fundamentação teórica que constituiu a base de toda a ação pedagógica nos diferentes contextos educativos. No pré-escolar a ação realizou-se no Infantário “O Carrocel”, com crianças entre os três e os cinco anos, e decorreu em torno de uma problemática de investigação-ação que visava o desenvolvimento da socialização das crianças do grupo em questão. No 1.º ciclo do ensino básico, a intervenção realizou-se na Escola Básica do 1.º Ciclo com PréEscolar da Ladeira, numa turma de 3.º ano de escolaridade e teve como objetivo a adoção de estratégias que possibilitassem o desenvolvimento da motivação dos alunos, bem como a aquisição de hábitos de trabalho. Com o intuito de adequar e melhorar a prática para que atendesse aos interesses e necessidades das crianças, foi adotada uma postura reflexiva desde o início até o seu términus. Sendo o docente um profissional prático-reflexivo, é possível construir a sua identidade profissional ao longo da sua intervenção contextualizada ao meio, e que de forma desconcentrada proporciona atividades diversificadas num sistema educativo centralizado. Com as atividades apresentadas, pretendeu-se proporcionar às crianças momentos de aprendizagem ativa e significativa, onde os seus conhecimentos prévios foram valorizados e potencializavam o seu desenvolvimento através de uma atitude experiencial de forma autónoma. Assim, através das atividades cooperativas, interdisciplinares, com recurso a material didático diversificado e ao valorar a relação escola-família, foi possível contribuir para uma melhor qualidade na educação baseada nos pressupostos de vários pedagogos.

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Relatório de estágio para a obtenção do grau de mestre em Educação pré-escolar e 1º Ciclo do ensino básico

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O presente relatório foi elaborado no âmbito do Mestrado em Educação PréEscolar e Ensino do 1.º Ciclo do Ensino Básico para a obtenção do grau de mestre. Ao longo do corpo do mesmo encontram-se descritas as intervenções pedagógicas realizadas no pré-escolar e no 1.º ciclo do ensino básico, antecedidas por uma fundamentação teórica que constituiu a base de toda a ação pedagógica nos diferentes contextos educativos. No pré-escolar a ação realizou-se no Infantário “O Carrocel”, com crianças entre os três e os cinco anos, e decorreu em torno de uma problemática de investigação-ação que visava o desenvolvimento da socialização das crianças do grupo em questão. No 1.º ciclo do ensino básico, a intervenção realizou-se na Escola Básica do 1.º Ciclo com PréEscolar da Ladeira, numa turma de 3.º ano de escolaridade e teve como objetivo a adoção de estratégias que possibilitassem o desenvolvimento da motivação dos alunos, bem como a aquisição de hábitos de trabalho. Com o intuito de adequar e melhorar a prática para que atendesse aos interesses e necessidades das crianças, foi adotada uma postura reflexiva desde o início até o seu términus. Sendo o docente um profissional prático-reflexivo, é possível construir a sua identidade profissional ao longo da sua intervenção contextualizada ao meio, e que de forma desconcentrada proporciona atividades diversificadas num sistema educativo centralizado. Com as atividades apresentadas, pretendeu-se proporcionar às crianças momentos de aprendizagem ativa e significativa, onde os seus conhecimentos prévios foram valorizados e potencializavam o seu desenvolvimento através de uma atitude experiencial de forma autónoma. Assim, através das atividades cooperativas, interdisciplinares, com recurso a material didático diversificado e ao valorar a relação escola-família, foi possível contribuir para uma melhor qualidade na educação baseada nos pressupostos de vários pedagogos.