Convergências em A Máquina do Mundo Repensada: poesia e sincronia em Haroldo de Campos

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Tradução e criação literária em “Gran sertón: veredas”: análise de processos neológicos da versão espanhola

“Tradução e criação literária em Gran sertón: veredas: análise de processos neológicos da versão espanhola” é uma pesquisa que tem como objetivo analisar os neologismos presentes em retratos femininos de Gran sertón: veredas (1967) sob o enfoque transcriativo. Compreende-se neologismo em seu caráter literário como ponto de criação da palavra capaz de estimular o leitor a perceber novos significados e, especificamente em Guimarães Rosa, como um dos aspectos que tornam sua linguagem singular. O enfoque transcriativo baseia-se em Haroldo de Campos (1929-2003) e contribui para uma concepção crítica da prática tradutória, que reivindica autonomia para a obra de chegada e que entende o tradutor como o responsável por reconstituir os sentidos da obra de partida. A metodologia do trabalho compreende as seguintes etapas: estudo bibliográfico, no qual se problematiza a conceito de transcriação e suas implicações na prática tradutória. Em seguida, iniciando pela obra de partida, sob a perspectiva estético-receptiva, investigam-se os críticos Cavalcanti Proença, Nei Castro e Nilce Martins quanto a suas apreciações acerca das inovações presentes na linguagem de Guimarães Rosa, sobretudo no que diz respeito aos procedimentos neológicos adotados pelo autor mineiro e suas motivações ao modificar a palavra. Posteriormente, são examinadas as leituras críticas da tradução espanhola, observando o olhar do próprio tradutor, Ángel Crespo, sobre seu labor criativo e o dos críticos Pilar Bedate, Mario Vargas Llosa e Antonio Maura, sobre o grau de elaboração da obra de partida adotado pelo tradutor. Então, analisa-se a transcriação em Gran sertón: veredas, detendo-se sobre os neologismos compreendidos como potenciais instrumentos de criação nas mãos do tradutor espanhol.

The rupture process of recent tsunamigenic earthquakes by geophysical data inversion

Subduction zones are the favorite places to generate tsunamigenic earthquakes, where friction between oceanic and continental plates causes the occurrence of a strong seismicity. The topics and the methodologies discussed in this thesis are focussed to the understanding of the rupture process of the seismic sources of great earthquakes that generate tsunamis. The tsunamigenesis is controlled by several kinematical characteristic of the parent earthquake, as the focal mechanism, the depth of the rupture, the slip distribution along the fault area and by the mechanical properties of the source zone. Each of these factors plays a fundamental role in the tsunami generation. Therefore, inferring the source parameters of tsunamigenic earthquakes is crucial to understand the generation of the consequent tsunami and so to mitigate the risk along the coasts. The typical way to proceed when we want to gather information regarding the source process is to have recourse to the inversion of geophysical data that are available. Tsunami data, moreover, are useful to constrain the portion of the fault area that extends offshore, generally close to the trench that, on the contrary, other kinds of data are not able to constrain. In this thesis I have discussed the rupture process of some recent tsunamigenic events, as inferred by means of an inverse method. I have presented the 2003 Tokachi-Oki (Japan) earthquake (Mw 8.1). In this study the slip distribution on the fault has been inferred by inverting tsunami waveform, GPS, and bottom-pressure data. The joint inversion of tsunami and geodetic data has revealed a much better constrain for the slip distribution on the fault rather than the separate inversions of single datasets. Then we have studied the earthquake occurred on 2007 in southern Sumatra (Mw 8.4). By inverting several tsunami waveforms, both in the near and in the far field, we have determined the slip distribution and the mean rupture velocity along the causative fault. Since the largest patch of slip was concentrated on the deepest part of the fault, this is the likely reason for the small tsunami waves that followed the earthquake, pointing out how much the depth of the rupture plays a crucial role in controlling the tsunamigenesis. Finally, we have presented a new rupture model for the great 2004 Sumatra earthquake (Mw 9.2). We have performed the joint inversion of tsunami waveform, GPS and satellite altimetry data, to infer the slip distribution, the slip direction, and the rupture velocity on the fault. Furthermore, in this work we have presented a novel method to estimate, in a self-consistent way, the average rigidity of the source zone. The estimation of the source zone rigidity is important since it may play a significant role in the tsunami generation and, particularly for slow earthquakes, a low rigidity value is sometimes necessary to explain how a relatively low seismic moment earthquake may generate significant tsunamis; this latter point may be relevant for explaining the mechanics of the tsunami earthquakes, one of the open issues in present day seismology. The investigation of these tsunamigenic earthquakes has underlined the importance to use a joint inversion of different geophysical data to determine the rupture characteristics. The results shown here have important implications for the implementation of new tsunami warning systems – particularly in the near-field – the improvement of the current ones, and furthermore for the planning of the inundation maps for tsunami-hazard assessment along the coastal area.

Archaeological Discoveries on Schnidejoch and at Other Ice Sites in the European Alps

Only a few sites in the Alps have produced archaeological finds from melting ice. To date, prehistoric finds from four sites dating from the Neolithic period, the Bronze Age, and the Iron Age have been recovered from small ice patches (Schnidejoch, Lötschenpass, Tisenjoch, and Gemsbichl/Rieserferner). Glaciers, on the other hand, have yielded historic finds and frozen human remains that are not more than a few hundred years old (three glacier mummies from the 16th to the 19th century and military finds from World Wars I and II). Between 2003 and 2010, numerous archaeological finds were recovered from a melting ice patch on the Schnidejoch in the Bernese Alps (Cantons of Berne and Valais, Switzerland). These finds date from the Neolithic period, the Early Bronze Age, the Iron Age, Roman times, and the Middle Ages, spanning a period of 6000 years. The Schnidejoch, at an altitude of 2756 m asl, is a pass in the Wildhorn region of the western Bernese Alps. It has yielded some of the earliest evidence of Neolithic human activity at high altitude in the Alps. The abundant assemblage of finds contains a number of unique artifacts, mainly from organic materials like leather, wood, bark, and fibers. The site clearly proves access to high-mountain areas as early as the 5th millennium BC, and the chronological distribution of the finds indicates that the Schnidejoch pass was used mainly during periods when glaciers were retreating.

Le Poème de Job

trad., nouvelle, introd. et notes par Paul Bertie

Lessinggedenkfeier des jüdischen Jugendvereins München

I. B. H.

Pollen profiles from 8 sediment cores from the Degersee, Southern Germany

The discovery of a neolithic pile field in the shallow water near the eastern shore of the Degersee confirmed earlier palynological and sedimentological studies stating that early man was active in the region since more than 6000 years. The already available off-site data were freshly assessed, completed by additional data from old and new cores and the interpretations revised. A common time scale for the off-site data and the on-site data was obtained by AMS dating of terrestrial macro remains of the neolithic section of off-site core De_I+De_H. The ages can thus be parallelled with AMS ages of construction timber on-site. Pollen analyses from all cores provide a further time scale. The continuously and densely sampled pollen profile of the profundal zone embracing the entire Late glacial and Holocene serves as a reference. From the Boreal onwards the relative ages are transformed by AMS ages and varve counts into calibrated and absolute. A transect cored close to the neolithic pile field across the lake marl-platform demonstrates its geological architecture in the shallow water since the Lateglacial. Studies of the microfabric of thin sections of drilled cores and of box cores from the excavations demonstrate that neolithic settlements now at 2-3,5 m water depth had been erected on lake marl freshly fallen dry, thus indicating earlier lake levels dropped by 1.5-2 m. The neolithic section of the highly resolved off-site profile in the lake=s profundal zone has laminated and calcareous zones alternating with massive ones. Assemblages of diatoms and concentrations of trace elements changing simultaneously characterise the calcareous sections as deposits of low lake levels that lasted between some 40 and more than 300 years. The ages of discovered lake shore dwellings fall into calcareous segments with low lake levels. From the end of the Upper Atlantic period (F VII) appear Secondary Forest Cycles in the beech forest, a man-made sequence of repeated vegetational development with an identical pattern: With a decrease of beech pollen appear pollen of grasses, herbs and cultural indicators. These are suppressed by the light demanding hazel and birch, those again by ash, and finally by the shade demanding beech forming a new pollen peak. Seven main Forest Cycles are identified In the upper Neolithic period each comprising some 250, 450 or 800 years. They are subdivided into subcycles that can be broken down by very dense sampling in even shorter cycles of decadal length. Farming settlers have caused minor patchy clearances of the beech-mixed-forest with the use of fire. The phases of clearance coincide with peaks of charcoal and low stands of the lake levels. The Secondary Forest Cycles and the continuous occurrence of charcoal prove a continued occupation of the region. Together with the repeated restoration of the beech climax forest they point to pulsating occupation probably associated with dynamic demography. The synchronism of the many palynological, sedimentological and archaeological data point to an external forcing as the climate that affects comprehensively all these proxies. The fluctuations of the activity of the sun as manifested in the residual d14C go largely along with the proxies. The initial clearances at the begin of the forest cycles are linked to low lake levels and negative values of d14C that point to dry and warm phases of a more continental climate type. The subcycles exist independent from climatic changes, indicating that early man acted largely independent from external forces.

Evaluation of study competence in pupils between 12-14 years old

There are three main study areas of guidance needs for pupils in Compulsory Secondary Education (CSE) which are academic development, personal and social development and the area of professional career. The area of academic development is where the knowledge to be acquired by the pupils, attitudes towards efficient learning in schools and the skills of efficient study are inculcated, the latter being the objective of our study. The research was taken from a sample of 80 school children between twelve and sixteen years old in a Secondary School in Santiago of Compostela ( Spain ). After analysing the results obtained we can see several motivations that justify the need to improve learning and study skills used by pupils. Normative arguments exist, needs that are exhibited by pupils and by teachers, especially tutors, of a scientific nature (connection with academic work) and to develop new strategies taking into account the contributions to the pedagogic research in this field. In this sense the application of an innovative programme of skills and study strategies in communication could be of interest.

Evaluación de las competencias de estudio en los alumnos de 12-14 años

Existen tres ámbitos principales en el estudio de necesidades orientadoras del alumnado de la Educación Secundaria Obligatoria que se refieren al Desarrollo académico, al de carácter Personal y Social y al relativo a la Carrera Profesional. En el área del Desarrollo Académico es donde se incardinan los saberes y conocimientos a adquirir por los escolares, las actitudes hacia un aprendizaje eficiente en los Centros educativos y las habilidades de estudio eficaz, objeto este último de nuestro trabajo. La investigación se efectuó sobre una muestra de 80 escolares comprendidos entre 12-16 años, en un Instituto de Educación Secundaria de la comarca de Santiago de Compostela (España). Realizado el análisis de la información obtenida son diversas las motivaciones que justifican la necesidad de mejorar las habilidades para aprender y estudiar que utilizan los alumnos. Existen argumentos normativos, necesidades expuestas por los alumnos y por los profesores, especialmente tutores, de naturaleza científica (conexión con el rendimiento académico) y de desenvolver nuevas estrategias teniendo en cuenta las aportaciones de la investigación psicopedagógica en este campo. En este sentido puede ser de interés la aplicación de un programa innovador de habilidades y estrategias de estudio contemplado en la comunicación.

Palynology on a profile from the Krusné Hory Mountains

Site details: The raised bog Fláje-Kiefern (50°429N, 13°329 E; 760 m a.s.l.; size ca. 500x500 m) lies in the Krusné Hory Mountains (Erzgebirge), Czech Republic, about 10 km from Georgenfelder Moor in Germany. Hejny and Slavík (1988) described the phytogeographic region of the Krusne Hory Mountains as 'a region of mountain flora and vegetation, with thermophilous species largely missing. In the natural forests, conifers, especially spruce (Picea excelsa) prevail. The deforested areas have been converted into meadows and pastures'. The climate is cool with annual average temperatures of about 5°C and annual precipitation of about 900 mm. The bedrock is Precambrian crystallinicum.

Pollen record and dating of a sediment profile from Ahlequellmoor in Germany

A pollen diagram from the Ahlequellmoor in the Solling area shows the history of vegetation and settlement over the last 7,800 years. In the early Atlantic period mixed deciduous forest with mainly Tilia together with Ulmus and Quercus grew in the area. In the late Atlantic period Quercus became most abundant. Fagus spread in the Sub-boreal period at about 2700 B.C. Since ca. 900 B.C. the Solling was covered by beech forests with some oak. In prehistoric times woodland grazing is indicated. Only in Medieval times are two settlements in the vicinity of the Ahlequellmoor reflected in the pollen diagram. The earlier one is dated to about A.D. 750-1020, and may be connected with the former Monastery of Hethis, which is thought to have existed close to the fen from A.D. 815 to 822. The second Medieval settlement dates to the 11th-12th century. The large-scale woodland destruction of late Medieval and modern times is not clearly visible. The silvicultural measures of the last 200 years are reflected by increasing values of spruce and grassland taxa.

Evaluation of study competence in pupils between 12-14 years old

There are three main study areas of guidance needs for pupils in Compulsory Secondary Education (CSE) which are academic development, personal and social development and the area of professional career. The area of academic development is where the knowledge to be acquired by the pupils, attitudes towards efficient learning in schools and the skills of efficient study are inculcated, the latter being the objective of our study. The research was taken from a sample of 80 school children between twelve and sixteen years old in a Secondary School in Santiago of Compostela ( Spain ). After analysing the results obtained we can see several motivations that justify the need to improve learning and study skills used by pupils. Normative arguments exist, needs that are exhibited by pupils and by teachers, especially tutors, of a scientific nature (connection with academic work) and to develop new strategies taking into account the contributions to the pedagogic research in this field. In this sense the application of an innovative programme of skills and study strategies in communication could be of interest.

Evaluación de las competencias de estudio en los alumnos de 12-14 años

Existen tres ámbitos principales en el estudio de necesidades orientadoras del alumnado de la Educación Secundaria Obligatoria que se refieren al Desarrollo académico, al de carácter Personal y Social y al relativo a la Carrera Profesional. En el área del Desarrollo Académico es donde se incardinan los saberes y conocimientos a adquirir por los escolares, las actitudes hacia un aprendizaje eficiente en los Centros educativos y las habilidades de estudio eficaz, objeto este último de nuestro trabajo. La investigación se efectuó sobre una muestra de 80 escolares comprendidos entre 12-16 años, en un Instituto de Educación Secundaria de la comarca de Santiago de Compostela (España). Realizado el análisis de la información obtenida son diversas las motivaciones que justifican la necesidad de mejorar las habilidades para aprender y estudiar que utilizan los alumnos. Existen argumentos normativos, necesidades expuestas por los alumnos y por los profesores, especialmente tutores, de naturaleza científica (conexión con el rendimiento académico) y de desenvolver nuevas estrategias teniendo en cuenta las aportaciones de la investigación psicopedagógica en este campo. En este sentido puede ser de interés la aplicación de un programa innovador de habilidades y estrategias de estudio contemplado en la comunicación.