Estudo do potencial de associações de ZnO com os produtos naturais ácido cafeico e ferúlico como filtros solares híbridos: [recurso eletrônico]

In this work were studied associations of ZnO with the natural products caffeic and feluric acids. Two preparation methods were used, that is, the sol-gel and a reflux procedure. In the sol-gel method, ZnO is produced by the basics hydrolysis of precursors in the presence of the organic filters (caffeic and feluric acids), which results in 30 nm (or less) ZnO particles with the organic filters (in dissociated form) bonded to the surface of ZnO. In the reflux method, a dispersion of ZnO in a water/ethanol mixture was kept under reflux (50oC/4h) in the presence of the organic acids. The ZnO particles used in the reflux method have a higher diameter than sol-gel ZnO particles, but the prepared associated product ZnO/Organic acids were similar. Despite of the difference in relation to crystallinity between the products, the preparation methods resulted in analogous associations with respect to the interaction of the organic filters with the ZnO surface. The caffeic/ZnO associations presented low photostability, which lead to the degradation of the organic filter. The other associations (feluric acid/ZnO) presented satisfactory results. The FT-IR spectroscopy confirmed the formation of the association, and the nature of the bond formed compared with the Zn-O bond in Zn2+/Felutic acid complexes. The isolated organic and inorganic filters, along with the associations were analyzed by diffuse reflectance spectroscopy and Uv-vis spectroscopy. The absorption edges and the critical wavelengths were analyzed and the effects of Zn-O bonds in feluric acid/ZnO associations described as a function of the relative position of the π/π* system of the organic filter. Finally the performance of the hybrid filters were investigated in terms of the absorption of UVA and UVB radiations, with the UVA/UVB ratio, an efficiency parameter largely used in the description of solar filters, sunscreen and suncare products

Determinação de comunidades em redes biológicas integradas

To understand how biological phenomena emerge, the nonlinear interactions among the components envolved in these and the correspondent connected elements, like genes, proteins, etc., can be represented by a mathematical object called graph or network, where interacting elements are represented by edges connecting pairs of nodes. The analysis of various graph-related properties of biological networks has revealed many clues about biological processes. Among these properties, the community structure, i.e. groups of nodes densely connected among themselves, but sparsely connected to other groups, are important for identifying separable functional modules within biological systems for the comprehension of the high-level organization of the cell. Communities' detection can be performed by many algorithms, but most of them are based on the density of interactions among nodes of the same community. So far, the detection and analysis of network communities in biological networks have only been pursued for networks composed by one type of interaction (e.g. protein-protein interactions or metabolic interactions). Since a real biological network is simultaneously composed by protein-protein, metabolic and transcriptional regulatory interactions, it would be interesting to investigate how communities are organized in this type of network. For this purpose, we detected the communities in an integrated biological network of the Escherichia coli and Saccharomyces cerevisiae by using the Clique Percolation Method and we veri ed, by calculating the frequency of each type of interaction and its related entropy, if components of communities... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Análise eletroforética de proteínas recombinantes obtidas de Pichia pastoris

A glicerol quinase é uma proteína tetramérica que cataliza a fosforilação do glicerol a glicerol-3-fosfato, composta por quatro subunidades - sua análise eletroforética fornecerá apenas uma banda se for constatada a sua pureza num gel não desnaturante - e sua reação com o glicerol é dependente de magnésio e de ATP. A eletroforese de proteínas utiliza como suporte um gel de poliacrilamida, que é formado pela polimerização de monômeros de acrilamida ao longo da sua cadeia e ligações cruzadas de cadeias pela inclusão de um co-monômero bifuncional apropriado, usualmente a N,N’ – metileno-bis-acrilamida ou apenas Bis . A eletroforese de proteínas mais comum é a que utiliza SDS para um gel de poliacrilamida desnaturante. O SDS é um sal chamado Dodecil Sulfato de Sódio que tem por característica se ligar a cadeia proteína nos resíduos de aminoácidos apolares, deixando com a carga negativa, sendo assim, toda proteína fica com carga total negativa, migrando para o anodo na eletroforese. As técnicas de purificação utilizadas foram ultrafiltração e precipitação com ácido tricloro acético, etanol gelado e sulfato de amônio. A dupla precipitação com etanol resultou na recuperação de maior quantidade de proteínas. A coloração do gel com prata foi mais sensível do que Comassie blue. O gel de eletroforese mostrou quatro bandas, correspondentes às quatro subunidades da glicerol quinase quando revelados com prata em gel de SDS-PAGE.

Implantação iônica por imersão em plasma e deposição de filmes finos poliméricos provenientes da mistura hexametildisilazano/argônio

Thin polymeric films deposited by plasma are very atractive for many industrial and scientific applications, in areas such as electronics, mechanics, coatings, biomaterials, among others, due to its favorable properties such as good adhesion to the substrate, high crosslinking, nanomectric thickness, homogeneity, etc. In this work, thin films were deposited by plasma immersion ion implantation and deposition technique from a hexamethyldisilazane/argon mixture at different proportions. These films were subjected to several characterizations, such as, contact angle, which presented values near to 100 degrees, surface energy, with values near to 31 mJ/m2, hardness with values between 0.7 and 2.6 GPa, thickness from 100 to 200 nm, refractive index from 1.56 to 1.64, molecular structure presenting the following functional groups in the infrared spectra region: CHx from 2960 to 2900 cm-1; Si-H around 2130 cm-1; CH3 in Si-(CH3)x around 1410 cm-1; CH3 in Si-(CH3)x in 1260 cm-1; N-H around 1180 cm-1; CH2 in Si-CH2-Si bonds around 1025 cm-1; Si-O in Si-O-Si from 1020 to 1100 cm-1; Si-N in Si-H-Si bonds around 940 cm-1; CH3 in Si-(CH3)3 in 850 cm-1; Si-C bonds in Si-(CH3)2 around 800 cm-1; and Si-H in 680 cm-1 . From these characterizations, it was possible to conclude that the concentration of argon or hexamethyldisilazane in the mixture changed the resulting polymer

Sintese e caracterização da resina fenol-furfurílica para a obtenção de carbono vítreo monolítico

The monolithic glassy carbon is a carbonaceous material, isotropic, non graphitizable obtained by means of carbonization of resins up to 1000 °C. The good physicochemical properties make this material applied in several areas such as aerospace, medicine, electronics, chemistry, among others. It has generally been processed from the use of phenolic and furfuryl alcohol resins. These resins have high crosslink density and high fixed carbon content and are therefore widely applied in aerospace. The combination phenol / furfuryl alcohol resins search for obtaining the most suitable process for the glass-like carbon processing with phenolic resins currently available and of lower cost and easier to synthesize than the furfuryl alcohol resin. The main objective of this work is to obtain a phenol-furfuryl resin with high fixed carbon content combined with low porosity of the material. Different synthesis routes have been adopted along with thermal analysis techniques, FTIR and image analysis. The resin obtained through partial synthesis process presented the characteristics sought in this work

Estudo do efeito da classe de furação na resistência à fadiga em junta alumínio – fibra de carbono

This work performs a comparative study of fatigue life of riveted lap joints involving classes of drilling which adjustment is made with interference or clearance. For this study, representative specimens of this joints were manufactured with four rivets distributed in two rows. In this context, are presented the test matrix, the methodology employed in performing of the tests, the used mathematical modeling, and that methods that are the basis for the latter are described through the theoretical foundation. Next, are present the results obtained in fatigue tests and images of the region of failure of the specimens. Finally, are present some comments and conclusions related to the results obtained

Projeto DMAIC com ferramentas six sigma para redução de custos logísticos de uma multinacional

This work has a focus on project execution DMAIC ( Define Measure Analyze Implement Control) , using the statistical and quality tools to identify , analyze and implement improvements in a given process in order to reduce costs telephony transport of a multinational consumer goods . The multinational consumer goods to be studied has outsourced carriers who perform the distribution of its products , which may lead them straight to their factories or one of its distribution centers to the points of sale ( supermarkets , bakeries , gas stations , convenience cafeterias , among others ) . Whenever there is an unexpected situation or some problem at the time of delivery of the goods to the customer opens an occurrence , ie , the carrier responsible for contacts ( 0800 ) with the contact center company of consumer goods which in turn registers the occurrence, analyzes and sends a response action to the carrier . This work will study the problem with a high number of connections to handle occurrence , through analysis and data collection , identify improvement opportunities, implement them and monitor the results to ensure that the gain and loss reduction are sustainable

Estudo, desenvolvimento e concepção de uma célula de carga

In engineering projects, it’s fundamental to determine the active loads in components in order to guarantee acceptable values of safety and reliability according to project specifications. On the other hand, force measurement methods might be very complex and impracticable in some cases and, so that, load cells with eletric resistance strain gages can be applied as a simple and accurate option to measure the required load. The main purpose of this paper is to present the development of a load cell that measures uniaxial forces using electric resistance strain gages without being influenced by the location of the loading in a cantilever beam. For that, it was taken as basis a secondary purpose which is to present a general study of basic and wide concepts about transducers, load cells and extensometers primarily. Information such as: loading and measurements types, characteristics of the presented devices as well as factors that influence its functioning, the most common kinds of Wheatstone bridge links, the main points of a load cell project, cements used to fix extensometers and, finally, the project itself with the tests of the built transducer are presented. By the end of this paper, all the results are shown and analyzed, concluding about the designed load cell and the work itself

Estudo sobre o uso do pentacloreto de nióbio, como ácido de Lewis, na síntese de enaminas através da reação de adição de Michael

The NbCl5 being a strong electrophile, is a potential candidate to act as a Lewis acid, and therefore it mediates various organic reactions. For this reason, it has received continuous attention by Brazilian researchers, especially in recent decades, since Brazil holds the largest reserves of niobium, besides being the largest producer of this element. The Michael addition reaction is one of the most widely used for forming carbon-carbon bonds and takes place by the addition of nucleophiles to activated olefins. Although this type of reaction is usually catalyzed by base, there are reports in the literature on the use of various Lewis acids in this type of reaction. The synthesis of enamines based acetilenodicarboxilates and amines, aromatic or alkyl, by Michael addition reaction is quite interesting, since these are valuable synthetic intermediates for the synthesis of heterocyclic and they are used in multicomponent reactions. The derivatives of anilino-fumarate also have a great potential for medical application. In this study we investigated the use of niobium pentachloride as Lewis acid to catalyze the Michael additions between the derivatives of aniline and acetilenodicarboxilates the synthesis of enamines

Influência de parâmetros nutricionais e físicos sobre a produção de Lipase por Penicillium janthinellum

As lipases (triacilglicerol acil hidrolases, E.C. 3.1.1.3) constituem uma classe de enzimas que catalisam a hidrólise de ligações ésteres dos triacilgliceróis de cadeia longa, operando na interface óleo/água. Em meios orgânicos, dependendo da quantidade de água, essas enzimas podem catalisar reações de esterificação e transesterificação, atuando como biocatalisadores da síntese de óleos e gorduras. As lipases destacam-se em processos industriais, nos quais são utilizadas como aditivos na produção de detergentes, de papel e celulose, na indústria de laticínios, de cosméticos, entre outros. As lipases microbianas são de maior interesse para aplicação em biotecnologia e em química orgânica, sendo necessária a prospecção de novas fontes de lipases com propriedades distintas. O presente trabalho avaliou a influência de diferentes meios de cultura, do tempo de cultivo, de fontes de carbono e sua concentração, de fontes de nitrogênio, agitação, pH e temperatura sobre a produção de lipase extracelular pelo fungo filamentoso Penicillium janthinellum, isolado de solo de região de Mata Atlântica. A avaliação das melhores condições de cultivo foi realizada através da análise da atividade enzimática, acompanhada pela determinação do íon ρ-nitrofenol liberado na hidrólise do substrato sintético ρ- nitrofenil palmitato. Os experimentos foram realizados em frascos de Erlenmeyer de 125mL contendo 25mL de meio de cultivo, inoculados com 1mL de suspensão contendo 107 conídios, e incubados a 28°C com agitação de 160 rpm e pH 5,5. Entre os quatro meios de cultura testados, o melhor resultado (0,476 ± 0,04 U/mL), com 5 dias de cultivo, foi verificado com o meio 2 composto por (g/L): bacto-peptona 5,0, extrato de levedura 1,0, NaNO3 0,5, KCl 0,5, MgSO4·7H2O 0,5, KH2PO4 2,0 e azeite de oliva 10,0)... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)

Síntese e caracterização de hidrogéis de amido retrogradado e goma gelana utilizados como matriz em sistemas de liberação cólon específica de fármacos

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Estudo das interações de peptídeos antimicrobianos e sistemas miméticos de membrana por dinâmica molecular

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Estudo do aumento no diâmetro do corpo de um rebite a ser cravado em furos acima da tolerância de projeto

In this work are discussed the main types of rivets, their characteristics and applicability within the Aeronautical Industry branch. Here are highlighted the solid rivets, showing off its layout, forms and limits of installation, that are required by aviation regulators. The riveting is a popular and simple procedure of fixing and joining two or more parts, and like any other manufacturing process is subject to process deviations that in some situations are beyond the limits of tolerance. One of these deviations is when the hole diameter exceeds the one proposed in project and which is limited by the rule of edge distance. The overall objective here is to study a possible solution to this problem: the installation of a rivet that has his diameter previously increased by compression. Observe the hole filling after riveting, detect the presence of cracks, discover the yield curve of the fasteners and their the crushing limits for failure prediction are tools used to verify this proposal. They demonstrate, at the end of study, the inefficiency of this procedure, with results that go against the safe fixing of parts in a structure

Obtenção e caracterização térmica de compósitos nanoestruturados de resina fenol-furfurílica/CNT

Pós-graduação em Engenharia Mecânica - FEG

Caracterização de plasmas a partir do monômero digime através da espectrometria de massa: deposição polimérica

Pós-graduação em Engenharia Mecânica - FEG