Tolerância ao leite processado em altas temperaturas em pacientes com alergia ao leite de vaca mediada pela imunoglobulina E

INTRODUÇÃO: A incidência de pacientes apresentando alergia à proteína do leite de vaca (APLV) após os 5 anos de idade vem crescendo. Definir se estes pacientes tolerariam a ingestão de alimento produzido com leite processado a altas temperaturas (LPAT) proporcionaria melhor qualidade de vida, definiria melhor prognóstico e possibilitaria avaliar a indicação de dessensibilização com muffin. OBJETIVO: (1) identificar quais pacientes com APLV persistente aos quatro anos poderiam tolerar a ingestão de LPAT, (2) descrever as características clínicas e laboratoriais dos grupos reativo e não reativo ao LPAT, e (3) compara-las entre os dois grupos. MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal, utilizando amostra de conveniência, incluindo todos os pacientes acompanhados no ambulatório de alergia alimentar do Instituto da Criança HCFMUSP que preenchiam os critérios de inclusão e que concordaram em realizar o TPO, entre janeiro/2013 e novembro/2014. Os pacientes foram admitidos em hospital-dia sob supervisão médica e submetidos à ingestão de um muffin contendo 2,8 gramas de proteína do leite de vaca. Foram definidos como tolerantes se não apresentassem nenhuma reação alérgica. Estes pacientes foram submetidos na sequência a novo TPO com leite de vaca in natura para excluir a tolerância ao leite de vaca. RESULTADOS: Foram realizados 38 TPO com LPAT, sendo que 30 pacientes (15 masculinos) preencheram todos os critérios de inclusão. A mediana da idade foi de 7 anos e 7 meses (4a10m -14a2m). 14 pacientes (46%) não apresentaram reação após a ingestão do muffin, sendo considerados como não reativos. A análise comparativa entre os grupos reativos e não reativos ao LPAT, não mostrou diferença estatisticamente significante quanto às características clínicas: idade (p=0,8), sexo (p=0,4), história pessoal de rinite (p=0,7), história pessoal de asma (p=0,7), história pessoal de outras alergias (p=0,6), história familiar de rinite (p=0,7), história familiar de asma (p=0,3), história familiar de outras alergias (p=0,1), relato de anafilaxia prévia (p=0,07), relato de ingestão de traços de leite previamente ao TPO (p=0,4), relato de reação alérgica no último ano antes da provocação (p=0,6), relato de anafilaxia no último ano antes do TPO (p=0,6). Não se observou diferença estatisticamente significante entre os dois grupos para IgE total (p=0,1) e eosinófilos (p=0,6). O teste de puntura para leite de vaca e frações mostrou diferença estatisticamente significante para ?-lactoalbumina (p= 0,01) e para a caseína (p = 0,004); em relação ao ImmunoCAP® apenas para a caseína (p= 0,05) essa diferença foi significante. Ao avaliar estes pacientes 1 ano após o TPO, nenhum dos 16 pacientes que foram reativos ao LPAT estava ingerindo leite de vaca, enquanto 28% dos pacientes que foram tolerantes ao LPAT estavam consumindo leite de vaca in natura sem reação (p=0,037). CONCLUSÃO: O estudo mostrou que os pacientes com APLV desta amostra brasileira apresentaram 2 diferentes fenótipos, sendo que aproximadamente metade tolerou o LPAT. Sendo assim, o TPO para LPAT deve ser considerado para pacientes com APLV, sempre sob supervisão médica e estrutura segura e adequada, pois pode contribuir para uma mudança no paradigma do seguimento destes pacientes. Teste de puntura e ImmunoCAP® para caseína podem sugerir quais pacientes estariam tolerantes ao TPO com LPAT, reforçando dados da literatura internacional

Sermoens do P. Antonio Vieira da Companhia de Jesu ... : parte duodecima ...

Mode of access: Internet.

Avaliação térmica e desempenho do processo de secagem de misturas de graviola e leite em secador de leito de jorro

The soursop (A. muricata) is a fruit rich in minerals especially the potassium content. The commercialization of soursop in natura and processed has increased greatly in recent years. Drying fruit pulp in order to obtain the powdered pulp has been studied, seeking alternatives to ensure the quality of dehydrated products at a low cost of production. The high concentration of sugars reducing present in fruits causes problems of agglomeration and retention during fruit pulp drying in spouted bed dryers. On the other hand in relation to drying of milk and fruit pulp with added milk in spouted bed, promising results are reported in the literature. Based on these results was studied in this work drying of the pulp soursop with added milk in spouted bed with inert particles. The tests were based on a 24 factorial design were evaluated for the effects of milk concentration (30 to 50% m/m), drying air temperature (70 to 90 °C), intermittency time (10 to 14 min), and ratio of air velocity in relation to the minimum spout (1.2 to 1.5) on the rate of production, of powder moisture, yield, rate of drying and thermal efficiency of the process. There were physical and chemical analysis of mixtures, of powders and of mixtures reconstituted by rehydration powders. Were adjusted statistical models of first order to data the rate of production, yield and thermal efficiency, that were statistically significant and predictive. An efficiency greater than 40% under the conditions of 50% milk mixture, at 70 ° C the drying air temperature and 1.5 for the ratio between the air velocity and the minimum spout has been reached. The intermittency time showed no significant effect on the analyzed variables. The final product had moisture in the range of 4.18% to 9.99% and water activity between 0.274 to 0.375. The mixtures reconstituted by rehydration powders maintained the same characteristics of natural blends.

Avaliação da suplementação de vitamina E sobre a concentração de alfa-tocoferol no leite materno em mulheres com partos prematuros

The term vitamin E refers to a group of eight molecular compounds which differ in structure and bioavailability, and the RRR-alpha-tocopherol more biologically active form. The composition of vitamin E in breast milk undergoes variations during lactation, colostrum and milk richer in this micronutrient compared to transitional and mature milk. Newborns, especially premature infants are more susceptible to vitamin E deficiency and to prevent the damage caused by this deficiency has been proposed supplementation of neonates with this micronutrient, however, there is no consensus to carry out this intervention. Thus, maternal supplementation with RRRalpha-tocopherol in the postpartum period can be a good alternative to try to raise the alpha-tocopherol levels in breast milk and therefore provide the premature newborn adequate amounts of vitamin E. This study to evaluate the effect of supplementation with 400 UI acetate RRR-alpha-tocopherol in women with premature births, on the concentration of alpha-tocopherol in breast milk colostrum, transitional and mature. The study included 89 healthy adult women were enrolled in the control group (n = 51) and supplemented group (n = 38). Blood samples were collected and milk colostrum soon after birth (0h milk) twenty-four hours, new rate of colostrum milk was collected (24h milk). The transitional and mature milk were collected in seven days (7d milk) and thirty days (30d milk) after delivery, respectively. Supplementation in the supplemented group was held after the collection of blood and 0h milk. The alpha-tocopherol analyzes were performed by high-performance liquid chromatography. Serum levels of alpha-tocopherol less than 516 μg/dL were considered indicative of nutritional deficiency. The average concentration of alphatocopherol in the serum of the control group mothers was 1159.8 ± 292.4 μg/dL and the supplemented group was 1128.3 ± 407.2 μg/dL (p = 0.281). All women had nutritional status in vitamin E suitable. In both groups, it was observed that the concentration of vitamin E in colostrum milk was higher compared to transitional and mature milk. In the supplemented group, the concentration of alpha-tocopherol in the milk increased 60 % after supplementation, from 1339.3 ± 414.2 μg/dL (0h milk) to 2234.7 ± 997.3 μg/dL (24h milk). While the control group values in colostrum 0h and colostrum 24h were similar (p = 0.681). In the control group the follow-on milk alphatocopherol value was 875.3 ± 292.4 μg/dL and in the group supplemented 1352.8 ± 542.3 μg/dL, an increase of 35% in the supplemented group compared to control (p <0.001). In mature milk alpha-tocopherol concentrations between the control group (426.6 ± 187.5 μg/dL) and supplemented (416.4 ± 214.2 μg/dL) were similar (p = 0.853). Only 24h milk supplemented group answered the nutritional requirement of alpha-tocopherol (4 mg/day) of the newborn. These results show that the transport of this micronutrient for milk occurs in a controlled and limited way. Thus, the native vitamin E supplementation increases the concentration of alpha-tocopherol in colostrum and milk and transition does not influence the concentration in mature milk. Only the increase in colostrum milk was sufficient to meet the nutritional requirement of premature newborns.

Influência da alimentação sobre os níveis de retinol no leite caprino

The caprine milk is a product of high biological value and high digestibility. Due to these characteristics it is quite used by newly born children that are not breastfed or that are intolerant to the bovine milk. The vitamin deficiency is a public health problem in underdeveloped areas as the Northeast of Brazil and where areas the caprine ones adapt very well. The present study was led to analyze the influence of the feeding in the vitamin levels in the caprine milk. The animals used were the races Saanen and Murciana, divided in three groups. The first group with 38 animals of race Saanen and the second with 30 animals of race Murciana were, fed with concentrated and voluminous. A third group with 20 animals of the race Saanen was fed exclusively with voluminous. The four group was added with 10. 000 UI of retinol palmitato, administered directly, like capsule, in the mouth of animal. Parallel it was verified the level of retinol of milk in the beginning and final of the sucked, in the goats of the second group (race Murciana n =30). The retinol of caprine milk was determined through the system of liquid cromatografia of high efficiency (HPLC). The retinol levels in the studied groups were respectively: first (38. 5 ± 12. 7 μg/100ml), second (40. 5 ± 9. 7 μg/100ml); third, with 20 animals of race Saanen fed exclusively with voluminous (23. 1 ± 6. 7 μg/100ml) and in the group a, suplementation with 10. 000 UI of retinol palmitato (43,7 ± 18,8 μg/100ml) before, and (61,9 ± 26,9 μg/100ml) after the supplementation. It was not found significant difference between the averages from animals of the first and second group, that were fed with the same concentrate diet and voluminous, showing that the retinol levels in the milk of these two races are equivalent. Already in the animals of the first and third group that they were fed with different diets, in those which diet was just voluminous, a drastic reduction was verified in the retinol levels. In relation to the retinol of the milk in different moments from the same sucked, it was observed in the beginning of the breast-feeding (22. 6 ± 9. 8 μg/100ml) and at the end of the sucked (49. 6 ± 14. 7μg/100ml), being the difference between the averages, statistically significant (p < 0,0001). Already in the animals that were supplemented, a significant increase was observed in the retinol concentration, being obtained a medium response of 41,85%

Avaliação de megadoses de retinol palmitato no pós-parto imediato sobre o retinol do leite de puérperas atendidas no Hospital José Pedro Bezerra, Natal-RN

Vitamin A deficiency (VAD) is a serious public health problem in developing countries, and as a therapeutic and prophylactic measure retinil palmitate is being supplemented. Nevertheless its efficacy has been questioned. The objective of the study was to evaluate the supplementation of two retinil palmitate megadosis on the serum retinol levels of post partum healthy mothers from Dr. José Pedro Bezerra (Hospital Santa Catarina) hospital, Natal - RN. The enrolled women (n=199) were randomly distributed into three studied groups and supplemented with retinil palmitate immediately after delivery with a single 200,000 IU dose (group S1), two 200,000 IU dose (group S2) with 24h difference between the doses, or no supplementation (group C). Among women selected, 143 remained until the end of the study. The influence of vitamin A dietary intake was evaluated during pregnancy and after 30 days of delivery. The average intake of the population was reasonable, but a high prevalence of inadequate intake was found. Retinol in colostrums and mature milk was determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The retinol average in colostrums and mature milk in the supplemented and control groups were adequate according to the reference values. In colostrums, women from groups C, S1 and S2 presented retinol averages by milk volume of 94.8 ± 40.2 µg/dL, 92.2 ± 50.0 µg/dL and 91.8 ± 53.7 µg/dL, respectively. No difference was found between these averages (p=0.965), this was also seen when the values where expressed as µg/g of fat (p=0.905). After 30 days of delivery, retinol per milk volume differed between the control group (36.6 ± 17.5 µg/dL) and groups supplemented with 200,000 IU (51.0 ± 28.8 µg/dL) or 400,000 IU (55.2 ± 31.6 µg/dL) of retinil palmitate (p<0,05). Nevertheless, when S1 and S2 groups where compared, no significant difference was found (p=0.97). Considering retinol/g of fat, the means were 12.7 ± 6.7 µg/g, 15.6 ± 8.3 µg/g and 17.2 ± 8.9 µg/g for groups C, S1 and S2, respectively, with significant difference between groups S2 and C (p=0,01). Subclinical VAD prevalence showed a serious public health problem in the study population (32% in colostrums and 31.5% in mature milk). When analyzing the groups separately, the group which received two doses (200,000 IU + 200,000 IU) presented the lowest VAD prevalence (20.7%). Retinil palmitate supplementations of 200,000 IU and 400,000 IU (divided in two doses) in the immediate post partum showed no significant difference. Nevertheless, the 400,000 IU (divided in two doses) supplementation showed a reduction in VAD

Correlação entre o California Mastitis Test (CMT) e a Contagem de Células Somáticas (CCS) do leite de búfalas Murrah

O objetivo neste trabalho foi estimar as correlações entre o California Mastitis Test (CMT), a contagem células somáticas (CCS) e a produção de leite. Foram colhidas 544 amostras de leite de 38 búfalas em lactação nos anos de 2002 e 2003. O manejo de ordenha consistiu em uma ordenha diária, em que os tetos das búfalas eram desinfectados com solução de iodo, secos individualmente com papel toalha e submetidas à ordenha mecânica. O CMT foi realizado imediatamente após higienização dos tetos e as amostras de leite foram enviadas ao laboratório do DHVSP da Unesp/Botucatu, para realização da Contagem de Células Somáticas, em aparelho eletrônico Somacount 300. Foram efetuadas correlações entre Contagem de Células Somáticas, CMT, produção de leite, proteína, gordura e sólidos totais, que foram analisadas pelo SAEG (1997). A média de células somáticas foi de 63.380 células/mL, a produção diária de leite, de 4,07 ± 1,3 kg e a produção ajustada para os 270 dias, de 1214,25 ± 293,54 kg. Não foram encontradas correlações entre produção de leite, contagem de células somáticas e CMT. Para CCS e CMT, a correlação foi positiva e significativa (r = 0,53).

Principais problemas das explorações intensivas da produção de leite de cabra em Portugal. O caso particular da assimetria do úbere

Mestrado em Engenharia Zootécnica - Produção Animal - Instituto Superior de Agronomia

Efeito da utilização do Kit Embrapa de Ordenha Manual® para caprinos leiteiros na Contagem Total de Bactérias do leite.

Resumo: A produção de leite de cabra no Brasil destaca-se no Nordeste, onde as condições de criação e os programas governamentais favorecem a produção. A qualidade higiênico-sanitária do leite de cabra, além de ser uma característica indispensável ao produto, exigida pela legislação Brasileira, contribui para diminuição nas perdas econômicas decorrentes da mastite e para a manutenção dos produtores na atividade. O Kit Embrapa de Ordenha Manual® para caprinos leiteiros é um conjunto de utensílios e práticas indispensáveis para a obtenção higiênica do leite de cabra, o qual apresenta-se como uma alternativa viável aos agricultores familiares devido à sua facilidade na utilização e baixo custo de aquisição. O Kit foi implantado e validado em 41 propriedades familiares, localizadas nos estados do Rio Grande do Norte, Paraíba e Ceará. Procedeu-se a coleta de leite de cabra 3 dias antes e 3 dias após a utilização do Kit, para a realização da Contagem Total de Bactérias (CTB). Observou-se uma redução média de 72% da CTB no leite produzido, e, 95% das propriedades adequaram-se à CTB exigida pela legislação Brasileira. [Effect of the use of the Milking Manual® EMBRAPA Kit for dairy goats total count in milk bacteria]. Abstract: The goat milk production in Brazil stands out in the Northeast, where the breeding conditions and government programs favor the production. The sanitary hygienic quality of goat milk as well as being an indispensable feature to the product, required by Brazilian law, contributes to decrease in economic losses resulting from mastitis and to the maintenance of the producers in the activity. The Embrapa manual milking kit® for dairy goats is an essential set of tools and practices for obtaining hygienic goat milk, which presents itself as a viable alternative to farmers due to its ease of use and low cost. The Kit has been deployed and validated in 41 family farms in the states of Rio Grande do Norte, Paraíba and Ceará. The goat milking practice was carried out both three days before and three days after using the kit for the realization of Total Bacteria Count (CTB). There was an average reduction of 72 % CTB on the milk, and 95 % of the properties have adapted to the CTB required by Brazilian law.

Nitrogênio uréico no leite, no plasma, peso vivo e condição corporal de vacas em lactação mantidas em pastagens de Pennisetum purpureum em diferentes intervalos entre pastejos.

O nitrogênio uréico no leite (NUL), no plasma (NUP) assim como a variação do peso vivo (VPV) e o escore de condição corporal (ECC) são ferramentas importantes para auxiliar o manejo nutricional e alimentar de rebanhos leiteiros. O objetivo do ensaio experimental foi avaliar os efeitos de dois intervalos entre pastejos (IEP) sobre os teores de NUL, NUP, VPV e ECC de vacas em lactação mantidas em pastagens de capim elefante. Os tratamentos testados foram: IEP variável, determinado pela entrada dos animais na área a ser pastejada, quando o dossel atingisse 95% de interceptação de luz e IEP fixo em 27 dias. O delineamento experimental foi o cross-over com quatro repetições. Não foram observados efeitos dos tratamentos (P>0,05) sobre as variáveis analisadas. Entretanto, os dados observados indicaram elevados valores de NUL e NUP enquanto a VPV e o ECC, indicaram a recuperação das vacas lactantes no final do período inicial de lactação. Conclui-se que os diferentes intervalos entre pastejos não influenciaram os teores de NUL, NUP, VPV e ECC de vacas lactantes mantidas em pastagens de capim Elefante.