Stochastic lattice gas model describing the dynamics of the SIRS epidemic process

We study a stochastic process describing the onset of spreading dynamics of an epidemic in a population composed of individuals of three classes: susceptible (S), infected (I), and recovered (R). The stochastic process is defined by local rules and involves the following cyclic process: S -> I -> R -> S (SIRS). The open process S -> I -> R (SIR) is studied as a particular case of the SIRS process. The epidemic process is analyzed at different levels of description: by a stochastic lattice gas model and by a birth and death process. By means of Monte Carlo simulations and dynamical mean-field approximations we show that the SIRS stochastic lattice gas model exhibit a line of critical points separating the two phases: an absorbing phase where the lattice is completely full of S individuals and an active phase where S, I and R individuals coexist, which may or may not present population cycles. The critical line, that corresponds to the onset of epidemic spreading, is shown to belong in the directed percolation universality class. By considering the birth and death process we analyze the role of noise in stabilizing the oscillations. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

CRITICAL BEHAVIOR AND THRESHOLD OF COEXISTENCE OF A PREDATOR-PREY STOCHASTIC MODEL IN A 2D LATTICE

We investigate the critical behavior of a stochastic lattice model describing a predator-prey system. By means of Monte Carlo procedure we simulate the model defined on a regular square lattice and determine the threshold of species coexistence, that is, the critical phase boundaries related to the transition between an active state, where both species coexist and an absorbing state where one of the species is extinct. A finite size scaling analysis is employed to determine the order parameter, order parameter fluctuations, correlation length and the critical exponents. Our numerical results for the critical exponents agree with those of the directed percolation universality class. We also check the validity of the hyperscaling relation and present the data collapse curves.

Conservative ensembles for nonequilibrium lattice-gas systems

We show how to set up a constant particle ensemble for the steady state of nonequilibrium lattice-gas systems which originally are defined on a constant rate ensemble. We focus on nonequilibrium systems in which particles are created and annihilated on the sites of a lattice and described by a master equation. We consider also the case in which a quantity other than the number of particle is conserved. The conservative ensembles can be useful in the study of phase transitions and critical phenomena particularly discontinuous phase transitions.

Mass-splittings of doubly heavy baryons in QCD

We consider (for the first time) the ratios of doubly heavy baryon masses (spin 3/2 over spin 1/2 and SU(3) mass-splittings) using double ratios of sum rules (DRSR), which are more accurate than the usual simple ratios often used in the literature for getting the hadron masses. In general, our results agree and compete in precision with potential model predictions. In our approach, the alpha(s) corrections induced by the anomalous dimensions of the correlators are the main sources of the Xi(QQ)*-Xi(QQ) mass-splittings, which seem to indicate a 1/M(Q) behaviour and can only allow the electromagnetic decay Xi(QQ)* -> Xi(QQ) + gamma but not to Xi(QQ) + pi. Our results also show that the SU(3) mass-splittings are (almost) independent of the spin of the baryons and behave approximately like 1/M(Q), which could be understood from the QCD expressions of the corresponding two-point correlator. Our results can improved by including radiative corrections to the SU(3) breaking terms and can be tested, in the near future, at Tevatron and LHCb. (C) 2010 Published by Elsevier B.V.

An application of lattice basis reduction to polynomial identities for algebraic structures

The authors` recent classification of trilinear operations includes, among other cases, a fourth family of operations with parameter q epsilon Q boolean OR {infinity}, and weakly commutative and weakly anticommutative operations. These operations satisfy polynomial identities in degree 3 and further identities in degree 5. For each operation, using the row canonical form of the expansion matrix E to find the identities in degree 5 gives extremely complicated results. We use lattice basis reduction to simplify these identities: we compute the Hermite normal form H of E(t), obtain a basis of the nullspace lattice from the last rows of a matrix U for which UE(t) = H, and then use the LLL algorithm to reduce the basis. (C) 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Produção de quarkonium : aspectos perturbativos e não-perturbativos da QCD

Neste trabalho de tese investigamos o papel de dinâmica perturbativa e não-perturbativa da Cromodinâmica Quântica, a teoria das interações fortes, em processos de produção de quarks pesados e de quarkonium-estados ligados de um par de quarks pesados. Um aspecto importante na produção de quarks pesados consiste no tratamento de ordens mais altas em QCD perturbativa, que abordamos por meio de elementos de matriz QCD em segunda ordem dominante (NLO) e através de um gerador de eventos Monte Carlo, mais útil fenomenologicamente, onde a produção perturbativa de pares Q Q e obtida utilizando elementos de matriz em ordem dominante e a aproximação de chuveiros partônicos de processos em ordens mais altas. Os processos suaves formando estados ligados de quarkonium são descritos em termos do modelo de evaporação de cor (CEM), ou alternativamente através do modelo de interações suaves de cor (SCI) e do modelo da lei das áreas generalizado (GAL). Neste trabalho, calculamos as distribuições em xF e p? para o J= e 0 em hadroprodução em alvo xo e no colisionador p p do Tevatron. Outros observáveis como a seção de choque total para J= , 0 e charme aberto tamb em são reproduzidos. Além disso, extrapolamos os modelos para descrever a produção de J= e no futuro colisionador LHC, onde as taxas de produção de J= estão at e uma ordem de magnitude acima de outra predição da literatura, o qual pode implicar em J= ser um ru do não negligenciável para estudos de violação da simetria CP no LHC. Além disso, com o objetivo de descrever as taxas de produção relativas entre os vários estados de charmonium, desenvolvemos um modelo para o mapeamento do espectro contínuo de massas do par c c produzido perturbativamente, nas ressonâncias de charmonium, onde introduzimos uma correlação entre a massa invariante do par produzido perturbativamente e a massa física do estado de charmonium. Outra abordagem importante ao estudo dos aspectos perturbativos e não-perturbativos da QCD na produção de quarks pesados e o formalismo de fatorização k?, o qual investigamos em processos de fotoprodução de charme e bottom, com ênfase em resultados de um modelo de saturação. Efeitos de evolução DGLAP tamb em são estudados, considerando a derivada da distribuição de glíuons. Analisamos em detalhe seções de choque totais e distribuições em pT , mostrando as regiões de validade de cada descrição. Através do estudo de vários aspectos perturbativos e não-perturbativos da QCD, este trabalho de tese contribui para um melhor entendimento da conexão entre essas duas dinâmicas.

The effect of Eu3+ concentration on the Y2O3 host lattice obtained from citrate precursors

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

The Quasi-lattice of Indiscernible Elements

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Change of the vortex lattice symmetry in the vicinity of the macro-to-mesoscopic threshold

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Using a one-dimensional lattice applied to the thermodynamic study of DNA

In this work it is analyzed a one-dimensional lattice which is composed by mass-spring systems with one additional Rosen-Morse potential on site. This kind of lattice is used to study thermodynamic properties of DNA, especially its thermal denaturation. on the context of this work, the Rosen-Morse potential simulates hydrogen bonds between double strands of the molecule. From the graphic of the average stretching of base pairs versus temperature it is possible to observe the thermal denaturation of the system. This result shows that it is possible to obtain phase transition with an asymmetric potential without an infinite barrier.

Thermodynamics of a Peyrard-Bishop One-Dimensional Lattice with On-site Hump Potential

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)