Comercialização de energia elétrica no Brasil

How companies can sell their surplus production capacity of electric power in Brazil? This work was developed from the question presented and focusing on clarification of procedures to enter the Brazilian electricity market by providing basic guidelines based on resolutions by National Agency of Electric Energy, National System Operator procedures and rules of the Assembly of Electric Energy Commercialization. It features subsidy to companies that fit this profile to evaluate the possibility to sell their surplus electricity. The general aim was to analyze the procedures and the necessary steps to make this sale happen. Was developed through a literature review where an overview of the Brazilian electric sector and a case study of a company that has excess capacity of electricity, but doesn’t make its marketing. Resulted in the expected clarification as well as the incentive for companies through the information presented, the entry in this trade since power is still crucial to the country's economic growth and ensure its availability in quantity demanded is a challenge of the utmost importance for satisfactory results are achieved economic development contributing to the progress of our society

Estudo da viabilidade técnica/econômica no aumento da eficiência energética sustentável aplicada à residência unifamiliar

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Plano de iluminação externa da UNESP Campus Itapeva com base em LED e energia solar

This work presents the development of the External Lighting Plan UNESP in the Itapeva Campus based LED and Solar Energy. Firstly it was made a collection of data from measurements of the local transit through the Google Earth 6 software and divide the local in sectors, and then perform an analysis of characteristics and age of the site. With these data it was possible to determine the average luminance the place, in30 lux. After these procedures was possible to determine the type of sets that would perform the role of bridge lighting the kit chosen was the 20/20 Sun LED manufacturer, since it contains the luminaire with the solar panel to the pole. Therefore we determined the number of poles for each sector, whichwas72in total and. After the determination of the location of each point lighting

Geração de energia elétrica a partir da concentração solar

The current world's need for clean and renewable energy sources aligned with the strong Brazilian growth looking to diversify its electric power generation sources, highly dependent on hydropower and petroleum encourages the implementation of technologies that reach this growth with diversity and cleaning. The sun energy source is considered inexhaustible and can meet the demand for energy through thermo solar plants to generate electricity. Several technologies are being studied and developed in the world and they can be used to generate electricity from the solar concentration, but in Brazil its use is still not found commercially. It is therefore essential to understand these technologies and develop knowledge about them so they can be implemented in Brazil. This work brings an overview of the thermo solar generation in Brazil, showing the different technologies and a thermodynamic simulation of one of such technologies considering a hybrid plant with complementary generation biomass, aiming at the generation of 1 MW in the Brazilian Northeast

Análise comparativa entre Brasil e Alemanha sobre autoprodução de energia elétrica residencial

The energy crisis has affected many countries. With the growing warning with the emission in the atmosphere and the lack of resources, the seek for sustainable sources for energy genaration have become even bigger. Some Countries, as Germany, started first in this journey, creating an incentive program to self-generation with renewable sources (wind, photovoltaics, biomass, etc.), giving priority for smaller plants. In Germany the program called EEG started in 2004. In Brazil, since the beggining of 2012, the self-generators did not know how they could be beneficted for self-generation, and self-generation didn't become commun in the country. However, with NR 482, of April 17th, 2012, the parameters were defined, and the self-generator could have a guideline. Therewith, studyies can be redirected for a better knowlegde of the conditions the self-generator will be sujected, in addition to Germany's case as reference to compare with Brazil's case. In this paper these studies are made, focused in wind power (wind turbines) and photovoltaic panels

Viabilidade técnica e econômica na utilização de um sistema fotovoltaico para alimentação de luminárias LED na Faculdade de Engenharia do Campus de Guaratinguetá SP

Solar energy can be considered the largest source of energy available on earth and has attracted in recent decades, attention and interest for its rational use. The use of energy sources in a sustainable way is essential to the survival of future generations, due to the scarcity of natural resources and their exploitation in a disorderly way. This academic work aims to bring a possible alternative to reduce the consumption of eletrical energy, at the University of Engineering – Campus of Guaratinguetá, through the use of a photovoltaic system interconnected to the LED bulbs. For this, the necessary data for the design of the photovoltaic system componentes and their acquisition costs were obtained and three differents configurations were developed to choose the one that bests fits the studied case, considering the return time of the initial investment (payback)

Desenvolvimento de aplicativo de análise técnica e econômica para adaptação de uma roda d’água acionada por cima para geração de energia elétrica no meio rural

The steel type AISI 4130 (ultra-high strength steel) is an alloy of low carbon and its main alloying elements are chromium and molybdenum, which improves the toughness of the weld metal. It has numerous applications, especially where the need for high mechanical strength. It is widely used in equipment used by the aviation industry, such as cradle-tomotor, and this is the motivation for this study. Cots are of fundamental importance, because the engine supports and maintains balance in the fixed landing gear. This equipment is subjected to intense loading cycles, whose fractures caused by fatigue are constantly observed. Will be determined the effects caused by re-welding the structure of aeronautical equipment, and will also study the microstructure of the metal without welding. The studies will be done on materials used in aircraft, which was given to study. The results provide knowledge of microstructure to evaluate any type of fracture that maybe caused by fatigue. Fatigue is a major cause of aircraft accidents and incidents occurred, which makes the study of the microstructure of the metal, weld and re-solder the knowledge essential to the life of the material. The prevention and control of the process of fatigue in aircraft are critical, since the components are subjected to greater responsibility cyclic loading

Análise do consumo de energia elétrica e da eficiência energética em uma indústria de processamento de madeira

In the industries of wood processing (sawmills), where timber is sawn in equipment such as band saws, circular saws, trowel, thicknessers, among others, that mechanically transform this resource and use of electric motors, which are not unusually poorly scaled working or overloaded, often a factor that is not found in these industries and has fundamental importance in the production process is energy efficiency that is achieved by both technological innovation and through all the practices and policies that aim to lower energy consumption, lowering energy costs and increasing the amount of energy offered no change in generation. For both during the design of an electrical installation, both overall and in various sectors of the installation, investigations are necessary, considerations and uses of variables and factors that put into practice the theme of energy efficiency. Therefore, in this paper, these factors were calculated and analyzed for a wood processing industry (sawmill) in the municipality of Taquarivaí - SP, namely: active power, power factor, demand factor and load factor. Where they were small in relation to the literature, these events that occur when devices are connected at the same time and due to the conditions of processing the wood, where the engines have large variations in electricity consumption during the unfolding of the same, due to efforts with the load and idle moments between each machining operation in the equipment

Anteprojeto de um sistema digital de proteção e controle aplicado em uma subestação elétrica industrial

With the growth of the demand on electric energy in the last decades, the urban distribution and transmission systems have experienced a bigger necessity to improve on the substations, the automation procedures and techniques on the operation maneuvers of such systems, in a sense that better attends the quality levels, availability, continuity and operational reliability. In this way, the objective of the present paper is to perform a study of protection and control on an electrical industrial system involving the procedures of digitizing and maneuvers automatism utilizing operational techniques and other pertinent information used in a typical high-voltage Industrial Electrical System. Analysis were made on short-circuits to specify the main components of the 138 [kV] substation, in addition, there were used digital MiCOM relays to make the protection of the present elements. With that, a program was developed to allow the user to monitor the condition of circuit-breakers through a supervision screen being able to simulate some kinds of faults, as well as observing the characteristics of each device. This way, the importance of having a fast and reliable system that ensures the equipment’s protection and the industrial process continuity due to faults on the electrical system is noticeable. It’s important to highlight that all this digitizing was mainly favored by the development of digital technology on the last years, mainly on microelectronics, also with the appearance of supervision gadgets allowing the development of complex systems in supervision and electric energy control

Proposta de metodologia para aplicação de eficiência energética em uma usina hidrelétrica

Pós-graduação em Engenharia Mecânica - FEG

Análise da qualidade de energia elétrica proveniente de uma planta solar fotovoltaica conectada à rede de distribuição de energia

Ce document présente l'analyse de la qualité de l'énergie dans une centrale solaire photovoltaïque - avec une capacité installée de 1 MWpico, relié au réseau de distribution d’électricité en 11,9 kV, qui a comme but connaître et également de comparer à la norme nationale actuelle, les effets de la qualité de l'énergie électrique résultant de l'utilisation de cette type matrice génératrice. Le rapport a été basé sur des niveaux spécifiés dans le module 8 des Procédures de distribution d'électricité dans le réseau national d'électricité - PRODIST, qui précise les directrices sur la question de la qualité de l'énergie électrique sur le territoire brésilien. Il a été considéré aussi les recommandations internationales 929 et 1547, qui proposent des pratiques recommandées concernant des systèmes de génération de l'énergie solaire PV (photovoltaïque), et également des normes pour le raccordement de ces types de sources au réseau de distributions d'électricité, tous deux établis par l'Institut des ingénieurs électriciens et électroniciens, largement connu comme IEEE. Le développement et le travail sur le terrain a eu lieu de manière continué, et non dans des moments spécifiques, assurant de cette manière, la fiabilité des données obtenues

O papel do gás de petróleo na matriz de energia elétrica brasileira - presente e futuro

This paper presents a study based on literature and examples found on literature of the potential of petroleum gas to be used as a primary source to generate electricity. The steady increase electricity demand in Brazil makes desirable an effective use of all available primary sources, combined with this need the momentum of the country with the discovery of the presalt reserves becomes interesting the use of this gas, often wasted, for generating electricity. The electricity generation in this work is illustrated by the cogeneration in oil refining plants that have the combined cycle thermal operation. The ultimate goal is to provide a text to identify the advantages, disadvantages and trends of this type of generation

Sistema de gerenciamento de energia para controle de carga/descarga entre baterias de lítio e ultracapacitores, envolvendo sistema de tração elétrica com frenagem regenerativa

Pós-graduação em Engenharia Elétrica - FEIS

Recuperação da palha da cana-de-açúcar para a produção de energia elétrica e etanol celulósico

Pós-graduação em Engenharia Mecânica - FEIS

Alocação de modem PLC utilizando SNR em uma rede elétrica de baixa tensão

Pós-graduação em Engenharia Elétrica - FEIS