Gestação na adolescência: abordagem na estratégia Saúde da Família Renascer - São Romão - MG

Nos últimos anos constatou-se um aumento na atividade sexual praticada por adolescentes, juntamente com o aumento no número de gestações precoces em São Romão - MG. Observa-se que, no cotidiano da prestação de assistência a saúde, que parte considerável dessas "adolescentes-mães" possui baixa condição financeira, social ou emocional para assumir a maternidade. No período de março a julho de 2014 foram acompanhadas no PSF Renascer em São Romão-MG 40 (quarenta) gestantes, dentre elas 21 (vinte e uma) eram adolescentes, o que correspondia a 52,5% dos acompanhamentos pré-natais. Pode-se inferir que a falta de proteção contraceptiva, aliada a atividade sexual precoce, pode estar resultando no aumento da gravidez nesta faixa etária. Desse modo, o objetivo deste estudo é elaborar um projeto de intervenção a ser implementado pela Equipe de Saúde da Família Renascer com vistas à redução da incidência de gravidez na adolescência no território de atuação. Propõe-se a implantação de ações de prevenção que contemple atividades de educação sexual, junto ao adolescente, à família e à escola; o fornecimento de métodos contraceptivos em quantidade suficiente, aliado ao trabalho de grupos. Além disso, buscar-se-á articulação com as autoridades locais visando à criação de áreas de lazer e incentivo para a formação de escolas profissionalizantes que poderão contribuir para que os adolescentes tenham melhores condições para planejar as suas vidas, inclusive planejar suas famílias com consequente redução das gestações na adolescência

Gestação saudável e segura: uma proposta de intervenção para o município de Itamarandiba

A assistência pré-natal compreende todas as medidas recomendadas durante a gestação visando a estruturação hígida do concepto e a manutenção e/ou a melhora das condições de saúde psíquica e física da grávida. É importante enfatizar que a atenção pré-natal por não envolver procedimentos complexos favorece a interação dos profissionais de saúde e a gestante. O objetivo desse trabalho foi elaborar um Projeto de Intervenção para aumentar a adesão ao pré-natal na Estratégia Saúde da Família Primeiro de Maio, do Município de Itamarandiba por meio de campanhas nas escolas, ações e planejamento familiar, capacitação dos profissionais de saúde e melhorias na assistência ao pré-natal. Espera-se que, ao final dessa intervenção, a gestante estabeleça um vínculo com o serviço durante todo o período gestacional, reduzindo consideravelmente os riscos de intercorrências obstétricas.

Ações educativas para controle da incidência de gestação em adolescentes da comunidade de areal do município Chapadinha – MA

O presente plano de ação tem como objetivo aumentar os conhecimentos sobre os riscos da gravidez na adolescência e diminuir sua incidência na comunidade Areal, no município Chapadinha - MA. As ações serão desenvolvidas para alcançar as adolescentes de 12 a 18 anos cadastradas na área de abrangência da comunidade de Areal, a qual é acompanhada pela equipe do Programa Saúde da Família. Será aplicado um questionário com os adolescentes, para identificar o seu conhecimento em relação ao tema e assim facilitar o trabalho da equipe que irá atuar sobre os pontos de maior desconhecimento. Serão feitas ações educativas que promoverão aprendizagem sobre gestação na adolescência, seus riscos do ponto de vista biológico, psicológico, familiar e social, bem como acerca dos diferentes métodos anticoncepcionais. Espera-se diminuir as gestações em adolescentes na comunidade e melhorar a sua qualidade de vida.

Gestação na adolescência: um projeto de intervenção

A iniciação sexual precoce está associada a uma menor probabilidade do uso de métodos contraceptivos e, consequentemente, maiores são as probabilidades de ocorrer uma gravidez não planejada. A prevenção da gravidez precoce carece de conhecimento, diálogo e uma orientação bem direcionada pelas equipes de saúde como um todo, além dos papeis desempenhados pelo Estado e pelas famílias. A Estratégia de Saúde da Família (ESF) Dom Bosco I está inserida em um bairro de classe média baixa na cidade de Poços de Caldas, Minas Gerais. Após a realização do Diagnóstico Situacional, o problema eleito como de maior prioridade foi gravidez na adolescência, devido à falta de informação por parte da população de meios que visem prevenir uma gravidez não desejada. Tem como objetivo elaborar um projeto de intervenção para prevenção da gravidez na adolescência em sua área de abrangência. Utilizou-se o diagnóstico situacional e Método Simplificado do Planejamento Estratégico Situacional-PES. Como medidas implementadas destacam-se as visitas e palestras semanais na escola do bairro; e, a consulta com o adolescente separado dos pais, conseguindo, assim, um relacionamento mais verdadeiro, um diálogo mais próximo à realidade. Essas ações visam a Promoção da Saúde dos Adolescentes, com incentivo e resgate da participação da comunidade como parceiros no trabalho da equipe, o que pode resultar na configuração de uma rede de conhecimento e informação. Auxiliar o planejamento familiar é de fundamental importância para a experiência de vida sexual e reprodutiva saudável, sobretudo entre adolescentes e jovens que, devido aos comportamentos de risco, estão mais expostos às consequências negativas de práticas sexuais inseguras.

Aplicação do escore MELD em pacientes submetidos a transplante de fígado: análise retrospectiva da sobrevida e dos fatores preditivos a curto e longo prazo

BACKGROUND: The model for end-stage liver disease (MELD) was developed to predict short-term mortality in patients with cirrhosis. There are few reports studying the correlation between MELD and long-term posttransplantation survival. AIM: To assess the value of pretransplant MELD in the prediction of posttransplant survival. METHODS: The adult patients (age >18 years) who underwent liver transplantation were examined in a retrospective longitudinal cohort of patients, through the prospective data base. We excluded acute liver failure, retransplantation and reduced or split-livers. The liver donors were evaluated according to: age, sex, weight, creatinine, bilirubin, sodium, aspartate aminotransferase, personal antecedents, brain death cause, steatosis, expanded criteria donor number and index donor risk. The recipients' data were: sex, age, weight, chronic hepatic disease, Child-Turcotte-Pugh points, pretransplant and initial MELD score, pretransplant creatinine clearance, sodium, cold and warm ischemia times, hospital length of stay, blood requirements, and alanine aminotransferase (ALT >1,000 UI/L = liver dysfunction). The Kaplan-Meier method with the log-rank test was used for the univariable analyses of posttransplant patient survival. For the multivariable analyses the Cox proportional hazard regression method with the stepwise procedure was used with stratifying sodium and MELD as variables. ROC curve was used to define area under the curve for MELD and Child-Turcotte-Pugh. RESULTS: A total of 232 patients with 10 years follow up were available. The MELD cutoff was 20 and Child-Turcotte-Pugh cutoff was 11.5. For MELD score > 20, the risk factors for death were: red cell requirements, liver dysfunction and donor's sodium. For the patients with hyponatremia the risk factors were: negative delta-MELD score, red cell requirements, liver dysfunction and donor's sodium. The regression univariated analyses came up with the following risk factors for death: score MELD > 25, blood requirements, recipient creatinine clearance pretransplant and age donor >50. After stepwise analyses, only red cell requirement was predictive. Patients with MELD score < 25 had a 68.86%, 50,44% and 41,50% chance for 1, 5 and 10-year survival and > 25 were 39.13%, 29.81% and 22.36% respectively. Patients without hyponatremia were 65.16%, 50.28% and 41,98% and with hyponatremia 44.44%, 34.28% and 28.57% respectively. Patients with IDR > 1.7 showed 53.7%, 27.71% and 13.85% and index donor risk <1.7 was 63.62%, 51.4% and 44.08%, respectively. Age donor > 50 years showed 38.4%, 26.21% and 13.1% and age donor <50 years showed 65.58%, 26.21% and 13.1%. Association with delta-MELD score did not show any significant difference. Expanded criteria donors were associated with primary non-function and severe liver dysfunction. Predictive factors for death were blood requirements, hyponatremia, liver dysfunction and donor's sodium. CONCLUSION: In conclusion MELD over 25, recipient's hyponatremia, blood requirements, donor's sodium were associated with poor survival.

Saúde dos adolescentes: um estudo de base populacional em Campinas, São Paulo, Brasil

We estimated the prevalence of chronic diseases and other health problems reported by adolescents in relation to social and demographic variables and nutritional status. This cross-sectional population-based survey analyzed data from the Health Survey in Campinas, São Paulo State, Brazil, 2008. We used descriptive statistics and associations between variables with the chisquare test. Prevalence of chronic diseases among adolescents was 19.17%, with asthma showing the highest prevalence (7.59%), followed by heart disease (1.96%), hypertension (1.07%), and diabetes 0.21%. Prevalence rates were 61.53% for health problems, 40.39% for allergy, and 24.83% for frequent headache or migraine. After multivariate analysis using Poisson regression, the factors associated with chronic disease were age 15 to 19 years (PR = 1.38), not attending school (PR = 1.46), having children (PR = 1.84), and obesity (PR = 1.54). Female gender (PR = 1.12) was statistically associated with health problems. The study illustrates that adolescence is a life stage in which chronic disease and health problems can occur.

Medo, ansiedade e controle relacionados ao tratamento odontológico

The aim of this study was to test fear, anxiety and control related to dental treatment. The subjects were 364 children with ages between 7 and 13 years. Three questionnaires with multiple choice questions were applied in groups of 10 children. The first instrument was the 15-item dental subscale from the Children’s Fear Survey Schedule9. The subjects rated their level of fear on a 5-point scale. The second survey instrument was the 20-item subscale from the State Trait Anxiety Inventory for Children16. This measure was used to capture how anxious the child was, in general. The third instrument was the Child Dental Control Assessment19. It contained 20 items to assess perceived control and 20 items to assess desired control. The results of the survey indicated that dental fear and anxiety were slightly higher for females when compared with male subjects (P < 0.05). Older children (11 to 13 years old) obtained higher fear scores than younger ones (7 to 9 years old). Concerning perceived control, the results indicate that younger children perceive more control than older ones. For desired control, the results indicate that younger children reported higher percentages than older ones. In this study, patients who had undergone anesthesia during treatment revealed higher fear scores when compared with those who had not. Dental fear etiology seems to be related to a procedure that may involve pain or lack of control.

Phenotypic variability in a family with x-linked adrenoleukodystrophy caused by the p.Trp132Ter mutation

X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy (X-ALD) is an inherited disease with clinical heterogeneity varying from presymptomatic individuals to rapidly progressive cerebral ALD forms. This disease is characterized by increased concentration of very long chain fatty acids (VLCFAs) in plasma and in adrenal, testicular and nervous tissues. Affected individuals can be classified in different clinical settings, according to phenotypic expression and age at onset of initial symptoms. Molecular defects in X-ALD individuals usually result from ABCD1 gene mutations. In the present report we describe clinical data and the ABCD1 gene study in two boys affected with the childhood cerebral form that presented with different symptomatic manifestations at diagnosis. In addition, their maternal grandfather had been diagnosed with Addison's disease indicating phenotypic variation for X-ALD within this family. The mutation p.Trp132Ter was identified in both male patients; additionally, three females, out of eleven family members, were found to be heterozygous after screening for this mutation. In the present report, the molecular analysis was especially important since one of the heterozygous females was in first stages of pregnancy. Therefore, depending on the fetus outcome, if male and p.Trp132Ter carrier, storage of the umbilical cord blood should be recommended as hematopoietic stem cell transplantation could be considered as an option for treatment in the future.

Long-term follow-up of an 8-year-old boy with insulinoma as the first manifestation of a familial form of multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1

Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1) is an autosomal dominant hereditary cancer syndrome characterized mostly by parathyroid, enteropancreatic, and anterior pituitary tumors. We present a case of an 8-year-old boy referred because of hypoglycemic attacks. His diagnosis was pancreatic insulinoma. Paternal grandmother died due to repeated gastroduodenal ulcerations and a paternal aunt presented similar manifestations. At a first evaluation, the father presented only gastric ulceration but subsequently developed hyperparathyroidism and lung carcinoid tumor. During almost 15 years of follow-up, three brothers and the index case presented hyperparathyroidism and hyperprolactinemia. Molecular study showed a G to A substitution in intron 4, at nine nucleotides upstream of the splicing acceptor site, causing a splicing mutation. All affected members of the family have the same mutation. Paternal grandmother and aunt were not studied and the mother does not carry any mutation. MEN1 is a rare condition that requires permanent medical assistance. Early clinical and genetic identification of affected individuals is essential for their own surveillance and also for genetic counseling.

46,XX DSD and Antley-Bixler syndrome due to novel mutations in the cytochrome P450 oxidoreductase gene

Deficiency of the enzyme P450 oxidoreductase is a rare form of congenital adrenal hyperplasia with characteristics of combined and partial impairments in steroidogenic enzyme activities, as P450 oxidoreductase transfers electrons to CYP21A2, CYP17A1, and CYP19A1. It results in disorders of sex development and skeletal malformations similar to Antley-Bixley syndrome. We report the case of a 9-year-old girl who was born with virilized genitalia (Prader stage V), absence of palpable gonads, 46,XX karyotype, and hypergonadotropic hypogonadism. During the first year of life, ovarian cyst, partial adrenal insufficiency, and osteoarticular changes, such as mild craniosynostosis, carpal and tarsal synostosis, and limited forearm pronosupination were observed. Her mother presented severe virilization during pregnancy. The molecular analysis of P450 oxidoreductase gene revealed compound heterozygosis for the nonsense p.Arg223*, and the novel missense p.Met408Lys, inherited from the father and the mother, respectively. Arq Bras Endocrinol Metab. 2012;56(8):578-85

Consenso brasileiro para a abordagem clínica e tratamento do hipotireoidismo subclínico em adultos: recomendações do Departamento de Tireoide da Sociedade Brasileira de Endocrinologia e Metabologia

INTRODUCTION: Subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH), defined as elevated concentrations of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) despite normal levels of thyroid hormones, is highly prevalent in Brazil, especially among women and the elderly. Although an increasing number of studies have related SCH to an increased risk of coronary artery disease and mortality, there have been no randomized clinical trials verifying the benefit of levothyroxine treatment in reducing these risks, and the treatment remains controversial. OBJECTIVE: This consensus, sponsored by the Thyroid Department of the Brazilian Society of Endocrinology and Metabolism and developed by Brazilian experts with extensive clinical experience with thyroid diseases, presents these recommendations based on evidence for the clinical management of SCH patients in Brazil. MATERIALS AND METHODS: After structuring the clinical questions, the search for evidence in the literature was initially performed in the MedLine-PubMed database and later in the Embase and SciELO - Lilacs databases. The strength of evidence was evaluated according to the Oxford classification system and established based on the experimental design used, considering the best available evidence for each question and the Brazilian experience. RESULTS: The topics covered included SCH definition and diagnosis, natural history, clinical significance, treatment and pregnancy, and the consensus issued 29 recommendations for the clinical management of adult patients with SCH. CONCLUSION: Treatment with levothyroxine was recommended for all patients with persistent SCH with serum TSH values > 10 mU/L and for certain patient subgroups.

Candidíase sistêmica com localização encefálica: estudo anátomo-clínico de cinco casos

Central nervous system involvement in Candida septicaemia is rare and not more than four cases have been published in Brazil. Five new cases of systemic candidiasis with cerebral lesions are reported. All patients (four adults and a child) had serious underlying diseases and were submitted to heavy long-term antibiotic therapy with multiple drugs. Seizures in one case and neck stiffness in another were the only neurologic signs that could be attributed to candidiasis. In no case were the lesions severe enough to be considered an immediate cause of death. In three patients, no macroscopic changes were evident in the brain, but microabscesses and granulomata were observed on microscopical examination; another patient had two gross areas with necrotic and haemorrhagic appearance in the cerebral hemispheres; the child had only two microscopic granulomata. The aetiological agent was demonstrated by Grocott's methenamine silver technique in all cases. Involvement of organs other than the central nervous system could be demonstrated in three autopsies. Discussion is confined mainly to such aspects as the contributory factors in the pathogenesis of systemic candidiasis as well as the marked rise in the incidence of this condition in the past few decades. It is suggested that the frequence of monilial septicaemia in Brazil may be far more serious than apparent from the scarcity of reported cases.

Análise cinemática tridimensional do salto em distância de atletas de alto nível em competição

Universidade Estadual de Campinas . Faculdade de Educação Física

Desenvolvimento de equações generalizadas para estimativa da coordenação motora em crianças e adolescentes portadores de deficiencia mental

Universidade Estadual de Campinas . Faculdade de Educação Física

A cultura do lazer fisico esportivo como resultado da disciplina da Educação Fisica escolar : o caso do colegio estadual "Culto a Ciencia" de Campinas

Universidade Estadual de Campinas . Faculdade de Educação Física