743 resultados para Foresterie durable
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Pós-graduação em Letras - IBILCE
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La circulation urbaine dans les villes brésiliennes a été marquée par l'influence directe de l'automobile. Grâce aux possibilités découlant de l'automobile, les villes se développent de plus en plus désordonnées et exigent la création de nouveaux moyens pour maintenir le flux du trafic. Cependant, la création de nouvelles routes est venu de collaborer avec les embouteillages, parce que plus les routes ont été construites, plus elles ont généré le besoin de transport. La question du développement durable a commencé à être traités de 1987 et alors, les premières idées pour résoudre, entre autres, le problème de la circulation urbaine. Une des solutions suggérées par les études est l'utilisation de transports non-motorisés. Ainsi, le vélo est devenu le grand pari pour un transport plus durable. Au Brésil, le vélo est largement utilisé, mais n'est pas considéré comme un réel moyen de transport, qui conduit à de mauvais investissements et incitations. Par conséquent, des mesures sont nécessaires pour encourager le transport à vélo pour se obtenir, avec d'autres mesures, un transport plus durable. Enfin, l'étude de cas dans deux villes, Guaratinguetá et Lorena, montre l'influence de l'automobile dans la formation de ces deux villes, qui a fini par nuire les autres modes de transport qui auraient pu être mieux utilisés
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Currently the quality of a final product is as important as the price they pay for it, to the satisfaction of having something durable and exercising its function as well as has been informed. This work aims to define the stages of the process of implementing a new project in a production line in order to ensure product quality and process, defining each step with those responsible for each area of the factory, implementing new tools and methods, improving process with lessons learned from previous projects, gathering information on the production line to analyze the need for rigorous controls to prevent errors. With the definition of schedule after studies of the plant where the new project was implemented, establish the goals of each phase to ensure the quality of process and product
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Pós-graduação em Relações Internacionais (UNESP - UNICAMP - PUC-SP) - FFC
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Pós-graduação em Serviço Social - FCHS
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Pós-graduação em Direito - FCHS
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Autologous fibrin gel is commonly used as a scaffold for filling defects in articular cartilage. This biomaterial can also be used as a sealant to control small hemorrhages and is especially helpful in situations where tissue reparation capacity is limited. In particular, fibrin can act as a scaffold for various cell types because it can accommodate cell migration, differentiation, and proliferation. Despite knowledge of the advantages of this biomaterial and mastery of the techniques required for its application, the durability of several types of sealant at the site of injury remains questionable. Due to the importance of such data for evaluating the quality and efficiency of fibrin gel formulations on its use as a scaffold, this study sought to analyze the heterologous fibrin sealant developed from the venom of Crotalus durissus terrificus using studies in ovine experimental models. The fibrin gel developed from the venom of this snake was shown to act as a safe, stable, and durable scaffold for up to seven days, without causing adverse side effects. Fibrin gel produced from the venom of the Crotalus durissus terrificus snake possesses many clinical and surgical uses. It presents the potential to be used as a biomaterial to help repair skin lesions or control bleeding, and it may also be used as a scaffold when applied together with various cell types. The intralesional use of the fibrin gel from the venom of this snake may improve surgical and clinical treatments in addition to being inexpensive and adequately consistent, durable, and stable. The new heterologous fibrin sealant is a scaffold candidate to cartilage repair in this study.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
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Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Energia na Agricultura) - FCA
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The aim of the study is to demonstrate the occurrence and usage of the Tucumã (Astrocaryum vulgare Mart.) in rural areas of the Municipality of Irituia, in the State of Pará (Brazil), since the use of the palm part of the traditional culture of communities of farmers, riparian and quilombola, used in curing diseases in human and domestic animals, building shelters, obtaining fibers, production of tools and crafts, hunting and fishing. In addition to the uses reported by the population, tucumã has potential for the production of oil and biodiesel. In this sense, the Federal University of Pará – UFPA, in a partnership with the Irituia’s Municipal Government, is studying the implementation of an oleaginous processing plant in the municipality, among them, and includes the Tucumã as a potential source. Such proposal stipulates the production in the agroforestry system, as an alternative to the slash and burn agriculture in the region, reconciling environmental conservation with territorial rural development. Considering the results obtained in the field, it has been found an average of 9.4 stumps per hectare, each stump having 7.7 stipes and 4.7 racemes with up to 146 fruits. If all the Tucumã’s stumps were kept until they reached their average productivity capacity, it is estimated that the fruit production in the rural area of the municipality would be around 132.060 tons, which could produce up to 12.665,4 tons/year of pulp oil and 4.768,4 tons/year of nut oil, confirming the supply of raw material to move this productive chain.
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Textile Technology: The sun-blocking properties of a textile are enhanced when a dye, pigment, delustrant, or ultraviolet absorber finish is present that absorbs ultraviolet radiation and blocks its transmission through a fabric to the skin. For this reason, dyed fabrics provide better sun protection than bleached fabrics. Since naturally-colored cottons contain pigments that produce shades ranging from light green to tan and brown, it seemed reasonable to postulate that they would provide better sun protection than conventional bleached cotton, and that natural pigments might prove more durable to laundering and light exposure than dyes, but there is no published research on the ultraviolet transmission values for naturally-pigmented cottons. The purpose of this study was to determine the ultraviolet protection (UPF) values of naturally-pigmented cotton in three shades (green, tan, and brown), and the effect of light exposure and laundering on the sun-blocking properties of naturally-pigmented cotton. Naturally-pigmented cotton specimens were exposed to xenon light and accelerated laundering, ultraviolet transmission values measured, and UPF values calculated following light exposure and laundering. The naturally-pigmented cottons exhibited significantly higher UPF values than conventional cotton (bleached or unbleached). Although xenon light exposure and laundering caused some fading, the UPF values of naturally-pigmented cotton continue to be sufficiently high so that all three shades continue to provide good sun protection after the equivalent of 5 home launderings and 80 American Association of Textile Chemists and Colorists fading units (AFUs) of xenon light exposure.
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OBJECTIVE-Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) ameliorates type 2 diabetes in severely obese patients through mechanisms beyond just weight loss, and it may benefit less obese diabetic patients. We determined the long-term impact of RYGB on patients with diabetes and only class 1 obesity. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS-Sixty-six consecutively selected diabetic patients with BMI 30-35 kg/m(2) underwent RYGB in a tertiary-care hospital and were prospectively studied for up to 6 years (median 5 years [range 1-6]), with 100% follow-up. Main outcome measures were safety and the percentage of patients experiencing diabetes remission (HbA(1c) <6.5% without diabetes medication). RESULTS-Participants had severe, longstanding diabetes, with disease duration 12.5 +/- 7.4 years and HbA(1c) 9.7 +/- 1.5%, despite insulin and/or oral diabetes medication usage in everyone. For up to 6 years following RYGB, durable diabetes remission occurred in 88% of cases, with glycemic improvement in 11%. Mean HbA(1c) fell from 9.7 +/- 1.5 to 5.9 +/- 0.1% (P < 0.001), despite diabetes medication cessation in the majority. Weight loss failed to correlate with several measures of improved glucose homeostasis, consistent with weight-independent antidiabetes mechanisms of RYGB. C-peptide responses to glucose increased substantially, suggesting improved beta-cell function. There was no mortality, major surgical morbidity, or excessive weight loss. Hypertension and dyslipidemia also improved, yielding 50-84% reductions in predicted 10-year cardiovascular disease risks of fatal and nonfatal coronary heart disease and stroke. CONCLUSIONS-This is the largest, longest-term study examining RYGB for diabetic patients without severe obesity. RYGB safely and effectively ameliorated diabetes and associated comorbidities, reducing cardiovascular risk, in patients with a BMI of only 30-35 kg/m(2).
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A low-cost chemiresistive gas sensor is described, made by the deposition of a thin film of a conductive polymer, poly(2-dodecanoylsulfanyl-p-phenylenevinylene), doped with dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid (10%, w/w), onto interdigitated electrodes. The sensor exhibits linear electrical conductance changes in function of the concentration of methanol present in sugar-cane spirit in the range between 0.05% and 4.0%. Since the sensor is cheap, easy to fabricate, durable, presents low power consumption, and is not sensitive to ethanol, acetic acid or water, it can be used in portable equipments for monitoring methanol levels in distilled alcoholic beverages such as Brazilian sugar-cane spirit (cachaca). (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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[FR] Dans cet article, l´auteur caractérise l´eau et l´agriculture des îles du Cap Vert et analyse les défis de l´eau après la construction du barrage de Poilao dans la Vallée de Ribeira Seca, sur l´île de Santiago, en se servant de l´approche GIRE (Gestion Intégrée des Ressources en Eau). Au niveau de la législation, il s´avère nécessaire de proposer de nouvelles lois, décrets et règlements qui soient en accord avec notre réalité, en opposition à un important lot d´instruments juridiques inapplicables, obsolètes et de compréhension difficile. La construction du barrage de Poilão a produit des impacts environnementaux, socio-économiques et sur l´irrigation. Il s´agit de trouver un modèle de gestion qui s´adapte à la réalité du Cap Vert et de l´île de Santiago, regroupant tous les partenaires pour une gestion durable de la vallée de Ribeira Seca et qui puisse servir d´exemple aux futurs barrages à construire.
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L’analisi condotta sulle condizioni geo-morfologiche dell’intera regione abruzzese e in particolare della città de L’Aquila ha evidenziato l’importanza del contesto paesaggistico territoriale che non può che essere assunto come riferimento progettuale per rinnovare il rapporto tra uomo e natura, soprattutto in una realtà come quella aquilana dove sono il paesaggio naturale e la struttura morfologica che permangono come fattori costanti nel tempo, nonostante le trasformazioni attuate dalla società o dagli eventi sismici che da sempre caratterizzano la storia della città e che rappresentano quindi due elementi in grado di restituire l’identità stessa della popolazione. Questa caratteristica rappresenta il pretesto per un approfondimento sul paesaggio dal punto di vista percettivo: è infatti l’uomo che nel corso dei secoli modifica fortemente il proprio territorio e la percezione che ha di esso. L’obiettivo di tale studio è quello di riuscire a cogliere, in fase progettuale, l’essenza del luogo, il carattere peculiare delle diverse suggestioni che i cittadini aquilani potranno riaffermare come parte della propria identità. Considerate tali premesse, il progetto propone il disegno di un nuovo parco urbano collocato entro le mura lungo l’intera lunghezza dell’area oggetto di studio; l’obiettivo è quello di collegare i poli verdi preesistenti del Parco del Castello e del Parco del Sole e contemporaneamente di ridefinire il lacerato rapporto tra centro storico e prima periferia eleggendo il verde ad elemento capace di una relazione attiva con il contesto urbano, con la possibilità di contribuire alla coesione sociale, alla sensibilizzazione ai temi ambientali e al miglioramento dell’offerta dei luoghi di ritrovo. Il nuovo parco ospiterà architetture legate alla musica e al teatro, temi da sempre di notevole importanza per la città, come testimoniano le numerose strutture che prima dell’evento tellurico arricchivano il patrimonio culturale della città. Per evitare che funzioni di così notevole importanza per la città corrano il rischio di essere progressivamente relegate verso la periferia ed i centri minori, il progetto propone di integrare all’interno del nuovo parco una serie di attività quali laboratori teatrali e foresterie per attori, centro ricreativo, biblioteca e sala espositiva, conservatorio, attività commerciali e residenze, disposti secondo una successione lineare da nord a sud. Tale intervento sarà integrato dalla realizzazione di un complesso di residenze,costituito da tre corpi lineari disposti secondo il naturale declivio del terreno, lungo l’asse est-ovest, in corrispondenza del prolungamento dei tracciati storici secondari. Si viene a creare, quindi una sorta di struttura a pettine, nella quale le aree verdi adibite ad orti e gli spazi costruiti si compenetrano definendo un vero e proprio filtro tra città storica e quella suburbana. La disposizione dei diversi edifici e la presenza in ognuno di essi di uno spazio pubblico esterno, sono pensati in modo tale da creare una successione di spazi collettivi, suggerita in risposta all’assenza di attrezzature pubbliche all’interno del quartiere preesistente. Il progetto prevede, infatti di dare maggiore spazio alle attività pubbliche, investendo sulla realizzazione di luoghi e di spazi per l’incontro e la collettività, che rappresentano un necessità primaria per ogni città ed in particolare per L’Aquila post sisma. Contestualmente al parco che costituisce una sorta di asse verde sviluppato in direzione nord-sud, il progetto si estende anche in direzione perpendicolare, lungo la direttrice est-ovest, attraverso la riqualificazione dell’asse storico di via San Bernardino, cercando di restituire ad esso ed alla monumentale scalinata omonima la valenza storica progressivamente perduta nel corso degli anni. Pertanto, il progetto prevede la ridefinizione di entrambi i lati della scalinata oggi abbandonati al verde incolto ed in particolare la realizzazione, lungo il lato orientale, di un nuovo polo culturale, costituito da una biblioteca ed una sala espositiva. Il nuovo edificio, assume un ruolo cardine all’interno del progetto, rappresentando uno dei punti di collegamento tra città storica e verde pubblico. Il complesso nasce dall’incontro di cinque elementi lineari disposti in modo tale da assecondare il naturale dislivello del terreno e da consentire la realizzazione di due ampi spazi pubblici: uno verde, pensato come prolungamento del parco, sul quale si affaccia l’ampia sala di lettura della biblioteca ed uno pavimentato, ai piedi della scalinata, delimitato da un portico a doppia altezza. Il nuovo edificio, consente inoltre di creare un belvedere dal parco verso la città storica, evocando una suggestione cara agli abitanti della città.