812 resultados para Fatores psico-sociais e culturais


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Esta dissertação teve como caráter peculiar a análise dos invariantes culturais que obstam a atuação do sujeito docente como constituinte do dispositivo educacional no tocante ao seu desempenho. Este projeto de pesquisa nasceu às luzes das indagações educacionais, no tocante às práticas pedagógicas do sujeito docente e seu olhar enquanto ser educador e/ou profissional da educação: Por que a escola “SIMME” situada na cidade de Santo Estêvão – Bahia – Brasil, ainda se encontra aprisionada ao modelo de educação fabril? Por que muitos professores pensam que a presença física das tecnologias de informação e comunicação (TIC) na sua prática pedagógica já garante a inovação? Por que tantas fixações em paradigmas ancorados no passado? Refletiremos como esse sujeito docente vem atuando e analisando suas perspectivas educacionais, por essa vertente, pretendemos discutir e compreender como a prática pedagógica acontece e se há inovação. A abordagem de pesquisa que dá conta de alcançar o objetivo proposto é o método qualitativo, e, de forma mais específica, foi realizado um estudo etnográfico, pois, o objeto do estudo é a análise aprofundada de uma unidade em questão. Os sujeitos pesquisados foram os docentes, direção, funcionários e alunos da escola “SIMME” no município de Santo Estêvão, Bahia.

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Esta dissertação contempla dois estudos e possui como objetivos: (1) estudar a relação entre a participação desportiva, aptidão física (AptF), atividade física (AF) e sedentarismo e (2) determinar a influência do apoio parental, dos pares e da autoeficácia nos níveis de AF geral e organizada. Participaram em ambos os estudos 240 raparigas, com idades entre os 9 e 15 anos, 71 praticantes de ginástica rítmica (GR), 87 de desportos coletivos (DC) e 82 não praticantes (NP). As participantes foram avaliadas na altura, peso, perímetro da cintura e pregas de adiposidade tricipital e geminal. A AptF foi avaliada através da bateria de teste FitnessGram (Cooper Institute, 2010). A AF (Crocker et al., 1997), atividades sedentárias (ASed), a maturação sexual (Tanner, 1962), o apoio parental e dos pares (Prochaska et al., 2002) e a autoeficácia (Motl et al., 2000) foram avaliados através de questionários. Principais resultados: (1) independentemente do grupo de participação desportiva constataram-se reduzidos níveis de AF e de AptF; as ginastas apresentam níveis de AptF e de AF mais elevados comparativamente às NP (p<0,05) e praticantes de DC (p>0,05), não se registando diferenças nas ASed (p>0,05). (2) Verificou-se diferenças no apoio social (parental e dos pares) e na autoeficácia, entre as NP com as praticantes de DC (p<0,05) e com as praticantes de GR (p<0,05). As ginastas reportaram, em média, níveis mais elevados de apoio social (parental e dos pares) e de autoeficácia. Através da regressão linear múltipla, constata-se que níveis mais elevados de apoio parental e dos pares estão associados a níveis de AF mais elevados (p>0,05), sendo que 9,8% da variabilidade dos níveis de AF é explicado pelo apoio parental e 4,1% pelo apoio dos pares. Este trabalho reforça a necessidade de elaboração de programas de intervenção que potencializem a AF, e que devem contemplar estratégias de apoio social e promoção da autoeficácia.

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Este é um estudo de caso de natureza etnográfica sobre a prática discursiva desenvolvida no grupo dos Saraus Culturais da Associação Educativo-Cultural Tarcília Evangelista de Andrade, em Capim Grosso, - BA, e é estimulado pela reflexão sobre a necessidade de ruptura do paradigma tradicional que insiste em manter-se sobre as práticas pedagógicas, dentre elas as de produção discursiva, o que anuncia a urgência de inová-las, tornando-as suficientes à aprendizagem articulada com o contexto social dos sujeitos e pela qual estes são os principais responsáveis na negociação do conhecimento com o qual estão a lidar. Assim, procurou-se compreender o comportamento discursivo dos sujeitos no contexto das atividades do grupo pesquisado à luz dos pressupostos teóricos sobre Inovação Pedagógica defendidos pelo Centro de Investigação em Educação da Universidade da Madeira, os quais metodologicamente vinculam-se à pesquisa etnográfica, de forma que este estudo está associado à abordagem qualitativa pelos princípios metodológicos da etnografia, em especial a observação participante, a entrevista aberta e a análise de documentos. Buscou, ainda, no referencial teórico-metodológico da Análise do Discurso, em sua vertente francesa, embasamento para interpretar o funcionamento do discurso na produção dos sentidos e explicitar o mecanismo ideológico que o dá sustentação, o que contribuiu para revelar que a prática discursiva engendrada pelo grupo pesquisado movimenta os sujeitos na história em direção a um comportamento mais crítico. Os dados coletados, entre agosto de 2012 e maio de 2013, permitiram compreender que o referido comportamento é suficiente às premissas da aprendizagem socialmente situada e revela gestos que desmontam o invariante cultural instituído sobre a escola e, ainda, um discurso articulado como prática de movimentação de sujeitos e de sentidos. Considerando essas conclusões principais, o trabalho revela uma proposta comprometida com a Inovação Pedagógica e que pode colaborar na articulação de outras que priorizem os mesmos pressupostos.

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O objetivo central do presente estudo foi triplo: (1) reunir a bibliografia existente sobre o nadador infanto-juvenil; (2) avaliar a estrutura, a composição corporal e a aptidão física geral e específica do nadador infanto-juvenil madeirense e (3) investigar as relações entre o crescimento físico humano, a aptidão física e as variáveis contextuais. A amostra incluiu 97 nadadores, 46 do sexo masculino e 51 do sexo feminino, 11-16 anos, que integravam 4 clubes de Natação Pura Desportiva da Região Autónoma da Madeira. A altura, o peso corporal, a envergadura, os diâmetros ósseos, os comprimentos e larguras, os perímetros musculares e as pregas de adiposidade subcutânea foram medidos. A aptidão física geral e específica, a atividade física, o estatuto socioeconómico (ESE) e a prática desportiva foram quantificados. O teste t, o teste de Mann-Whitney U, o teste para a diferença entre duas proporções independentes e a análise de regressão múltipla foram utilizados na análise estatística dos dados. Os nadadores apresentaram valores médios mais elevados do que as nadadoras na altura, peso corporal, envergadura, comprimento e/ou largura dos segmentos e na quase totalidade dos diâmetros ósseos e perímetros musculares. As nadadoras apresentaram valores médios mais elevados do que os nadadores nas pregas de adiposidade subcutânea. Os nadadores apresentaram mais massa isenta de gordura do que as nadadoras. O tipo físico do nadador foi mesomorfo equilibrado (3,2-4,6-3,1) e o da nadadora endo-mesomorfo (4,3-3,5-2,9). Os nadadores apresentaram desempenhos mais elevados na quase totalidade dos testes motores. As nadadoras foram mais proficientes no ‘sit and reach’. As nadadoras, 14-16 anos, apresentaram valores médios mais elevados no peso corporal, envergadura, diâmetro biacromial, percentagem de gordura, batimento em placas, ‘sit ups’, anos de prática formal e total de horas de treino semanal, comparativamente aos 11-13 anos. As nadadoras foram, também, mais altas e pesadas, aos 11-13 anos, do que as não-atletas. A idade, o rácio envergadura/altura, a percentagem de gordura corporal, o ‘sit and reach’, o salto em comprimento sem corrida preparatória, os ‘sit ups’, o ‘shuttle run’, a corrida de 12 minutos, o índice dos tempos livres e o total de competições nacionais por época desportiva explicaram 75,9% da variância no teste de nado de 12 minutos. Os resultados demonstraram um diferencial morfofuncional em função do sexo, idade e população de estudo. Os preditores do teste de nado de 12 minutos foram os indicadores de crescimento físico humano, a aptidão física e as variáveis contextuais.

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O presente trabalho analisou as práticas pedagógico-culturais voluntárias no contexto social de crianças em situação de pobreza em Caruaru – PE – Brasil, organizadas por meio de uma abordagem qualitativa de natureza etnográfica. Foram objetivos específicos da pesquisa: explicitar os princípios e pressupostos predominantes destas práticas; analisar as atividades artístico-culturais como meio de construção do conhecimento; analisar se essas práticas pedagógico-culturais são inovadoras. Apoiamos a pesquisa nas perspectivas da interação sócio-cultural de Vygotsky (2007; 2009; 2004), da aprendizagem significativa de Ausubel (1979), da inovação pedagógica de Fino (2000; 2001; 2003; 2005; 2007; 2008; 2009; 2011), da crítica à escola atual de Toffler (1973) e dos novos contextos de ensino de Papert (2008). Participaram desta pesquisa três professoras do 1°, 2° e 3° ciclo e seus respectivos alunos. Como procedimentos de construção dos dados, adotamos o estudo de caso de acordo com Yin (2010) e Macedo (2006). E, como instrumentos, a análise documental de Bardin (2004), Macedo (2009), Lüdke e André (2004); a entrevista semiestruturada (Macedo, 2006; Marcuschi, 1999; Lapassade, 2005), a observação (Macedo, 2006) e a videografia (André, 2008; Macedo, 2006). No tratamento dos dados, utilizamos a análise de conteúdo (Bardin, 2004; Macedo, 2009) e a análise microgenética (Meira, 1994; Moraes, 1999). Os resultados demonstraram práticas pedagógicas inovadoras em que as atividades artístico-culturais humanizam e subsidiam a construção do conhecimento pelo aluno. Na análise documental apresenta-se uma prática diferenciada da escola formal. Na análise e interpretação das entrevistas, a docência mostrou-se engajada na afetividade, compromisso com os alunos, autoria compartilhada, reconhecimento como professora pesquisadora e o papel de mediadora na construção do conhecimento, construído com vínculo pessoal com os alunos e destes com a instituição.

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The public management reform in Brazil, since 1995, provoked new experiences in public administration. Among the new models of public service the one-stop shopping has distinguished and was adopted at Rio Grande do Norte with the Citizens Center Program. The one-stop shopping assembles in the same place many public services with appropriate structure, enabled human resources and citizens focus processes. The goal of this research was understand how citizens focus processes help to explain Citizens Center Program s longevity. It was made a case study and the research tools were applied with Citizen Center Programs workers and citizen-users at South Unit of Citizen Center Program placed at Via Direta Mall, Natal. The major contributions for Citizen Center Program s longevity were imputed to Basic Operation Processes. The most spoken features in Citizen Center Program mentioned were quality, efficiency, celerity e personal appearance, what demonstrate concern and care with citizen-users. Worker s personal appearance, accommodation, celerity, politeness and attending capacity planning were high evaluated by citizen-users revealing the wisely choice of use a large quality concept and citizenship concept in public administration. Citizen-users also pointed the necessity of refine and enlarge the communication ways that form an essential mechanism to public citizen focus administration. Not ignoring the policy aspect citizen focus processes were noticed like especial management actions that make easier citizen s activities and public service access, what generate satisfaction to citizen-users. It s possible to conclude that the high level approving evaluation of Citizen Center Program consolidates it an especial public policy that serves citizen s necessities e create appropriate legitimacy conditions of the public policy making harder the choice of ending the policy even in more fragile moments strongly contributing for its longevity

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The theoretical recital of the present study it is initiated of the evidence that the work occupies an important space in the man s life in way that the majority of the people works and passes great part of its time inside organizati ons. However, it is verified that the relation between man and work is becoming increasingly disagreement a time that the employees had started to complain work s routines, stress, not use all their potential and inadequate work s conditions. It can be observed by the way of Dejours (1994) studies. Thus, as contribution for the quality of work life s (QWL) studies the research developed here objectified to characterize the public employees quality of work life at EMATER -RN taking as reference an instrumen t of research synthesized from the typical academic literature of the subject. The synthesis of an ampler instrument is a necessity not taken care to the literature that treats on the subject but already perceived by some studies like Moraes et al (1990); Rodrigues (1989); Siqueira & Coleta (1989); Moraes et al (1992); Carvalho & Souza (2003); El -Aouar & Souza (2003) and Mourão, Kilimnick & Fernandes (2005); Adorno, Marques & Borges (2005) amongst others. These studies point out weak points of the existing models in the QWL s literature, as well as they recommend the elaboration of a model more flexible, that contemplates Brazilian cultural characteristics, and that contemplates the entire variable studied in the main existing models. For reach this objectiv e the adopted methodology was characterized as a case study with collected data in qualitative and quantitative way. Questionnaires and comments had been used as sources of evidences. These evidences had been tabulated through of statistical package SPSS ( Statistical Package for Social Science), in which the main technique of multivariate analysis used were the factorial analysis. As for the gotten results, it was verified the grouping of the quality of work life s indicators in 11 factors which are: Work s execution, Individual accomplishment, Work s equity, Relation individual and organization, Work s organization, Adequacy of the remuneration, Relation between head and subordinate, Effectiveness of the communication and the learning, Relation between work and personal life, Participation and Effectiveness of the work processes. Whatever to the characterization of the EMATER -RN s quality of work life it was clearly that to the measure that the satisfaction s evaluation with the QWL in the organization walks to intrinsic factors for extrinsic factors this level of satisfaction goes diminishing what points to the importance to improve these extrinsic factors in the institution. In summary it is possible to conclude that the organization studied has offered a significant set of referring variable to the quality of work life of the individual

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The present objective study to inside identify the critical factors of success of the local family companies of a competitive boarding. For in such a way the same it understands the culture and the management of the family companies of success, identifies the essential areas of performance, it establishes the restrictive factors of the success, and analyzes the level of influence of the critical factors of success in the competitiveness of this type of company. In function of the subject little to be explored, and of this study to provide a general vision concerning the factors that take the family companies to get success, this research is explorer. On the other hand, for describing characteristic of the familiar companies in prominence in the local scene and for being worried about the practical performance, the same one also is descriptive. The sample in turn is the not-probabilist one of the intentional type, for accessibility. For operacionalization of the collection of data, the direct contact was used, being the composed instrument of research for variable as management, culture, critical factors of success and competitiveness. The study it evidences that in regards to the management and the culture of the family companies of success, some variable are turned aside from the standard of the conventional family companies cited by literature. Of general form in the familiar companies of success it has a bigger level of professionalization of the management. As for the value given to the knowledge, the study sample that the conventional family companies give little importance to it, in contrast of the family companies in prominence, who value of significant form the search for the knowledge. He is demonstrated despite the family companies of success, even so total are not professionalized, possess a bigger level of professionalization of the management, ratifying of certain forms the reason for which the majority develops the Strategical Planning formal periodically. In short, the results point 17 critical factors of success with respect to the family companies, in special factors as the product quality and services, and the use of the technology

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This research verifies the influence of the self-efficacy level on burnout syndrome incidence in relation to nursing professionals from private hospitals located in the Municipality of Natal, State of Rio Grande do Norte. The nature of the research was descriptive, and the used data analysis method was quantitative which was developed through SPSS computational package, version 17.0. The used instrument for the investigation was Maslach-Burnout Inventory (MBI), and the General Perceived Self-efficacy Scale (GPSES) was applied to a sample formed from 230 nursing professionals. The statistic techniques to data analysis were: frequency analysis; factor analysis; Cronbach.s alpha; Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin test (KMO); Bartlett efericity test; percentual analysis; Spearman rank correlation analysis; and simple regression. The achieved factors from factor analysis of MBI were the same, taking into account the dimensions which Maslach initially suggested to the instrument (emotional exhaustion, lack of personal realization, and depersonalization). However, one highlights that the low internal consistence of the depersonalization dimension can occur from people.s difficulty (caused by cultural aspects) of assuming this attitude in their work environment. Through GSE, it was achieved a factor which confirmed the unidimensionality showed by the author of the instrument. In relation to the syndrome incidence, it was verified that about 50% of the researched sample presented burnout syndrome evidence. Referring to self-efficacy level, about 65% of the researched sample presented low level of self-efficacy, what can be explained by the work characteristics of these professionals. In relation to the self-efficacy influence on the Burnout syndrome, it was verified that self-efficacy can be one of the aspects which influences occupational stress chronification (burnout), mainly to the personal realization dimension. Therefore, the researched hospital organizations need reflect about their attitudes in respect to their professionals, since the numbers showed a dangerous tendency regarding a predisposition to burnout syndrome of their staff, what implies not only a significant amount of individuals who can present high levels of emotional exhaustion, lack of personal realization, and depersonalization, but also the fact that this group presents low level of self-efficacy

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This study examines the factors that influence public managers in the adoption of advanced practices related to Information Security Management. This research used, as the basis of assertions, Security Standard ISO 27001:2005 and theoretical model based on TAM (Technology Acceptance Model) from Venkatesh and Davis (2000). The method adopted was field research of national scope with participation of eighty public administrators from states of Brazil, all of them managers and planners of state governments. The approach was quantitative and research methods were descriptive statistics, factor analysis and multiple linear regression for data analysis. The survey results showed correlation between the constructs of the TAM model (ease of use, perceptions of value, attitude and intention to use) and agreement with the assertions made in accordance with ISO 27001, showing that these factors influence the managers in adoption of such practices. On the other independent variables of the model (organizational profile, demographic profile and managers behavior) no significant correlation was identified with the assertions of the same standard, witch means the need for expansion researches using such constructs. It is hoped that this study may contribute positively to the progress on discussions about Information Security Management, Adoption of Safety Standards and Technology Acceptance Model

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The objective of this study is to investigate if exist relationship between organizational culture and the organizational climate, having as research s locus three dairy industries in the Rio Grande do Norte State. As such, an exploratory-descriptive and conclusive-causal study, with a sample composed of 211 employees of all firms hierarchical levels was undertaken. By way the data collection, the employees personal characteristics, the predominant organizational culture profile and the predominant organizational climate in the industries researched were identified. In order to analyse the organizational culture, the Competing Value Model (CAMERON; QUINN, 2006), with adaptations by Santos (1998, 2000), was used. In order to analyse the organizational climate, the Organizational Climate Measurement Scale, proposed by Martins (et al., 2004, 2008), with modifications, was used. The data were submitted to quantitative statistical analyses, firstly to the set of firms and afterwards to the firms alone, that permitted arrival to the following conclusions: the cultural profiles was met in a balanced way in the researched organizations, with emphasis to clan culture and market culture profiles; the researched organizations have a good organizational climate, based in the Martins (2008) classification, with emphasis to boss and organization s support and physical comfort , being these factors coherent whit the clan culture profile; the personal variables are correlated with the cultural profiles and with the organizational climate factors, however, each organization show its singular form of relation; and the cultural profiles showed influence on organizational climate factors. Thus, the results permitted to conclude that there are relations between the cultural profiles and the organizational climate factors in the researched organizations

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In recent decades the public sector comes under pressure in order to improve its performance. The use of Information Technology (IT) has been a tool increasingly used in reaching that goal. Thus, it has become an important issue in public organizations, particularly in institutions of higher education, determine which factors influence the acceptance and use of technology, impacting on the success of its implementation and the desired organizational results. The Technology Acceptance Model - TAM was used as the basis for this study and is based on the constructs perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use. However, when it comes to integrated management systems due to the complexity of its implementation,organizational factors were added to thus seek further explanation of the acceptance of such systems. Thus, added to the model five TAM constructs related to critical success factors in implementing ERP systems, they are: support of top management, communication, training, cooperation, and technological complexity (BUENO and SALMERON, 2008). Based on the foregoing, launches the following research problem: What factors influence the acceptance and use of SIE / module academic at the Federal University of Para, from the users' perception of teachers and technicians? The purpose of this study was to identify the influence of organizational factors, and behavioral antecedents of behavioral intention to use the SIE / module academic UFPA in the perspective of teachers and technical users. This is applied research, exploratory and descriptive, quantitative with the implementation of a survey, and data collection occurred through a structured questionnaire applied to a sample of 229 teachers and 30 technical and administrative staff. Data analysis was carried out through descriptive statistics and structural equation modeling with the technique of partial least squares (PLS). Effected primarily to assess the measurement model, which were verified reliability, convergent and discriminant validity for all indicators and constructs. Then the structural model was analyzed using the bootstrap resampling technique like. In assessing statistical significance, all hypotheses were supported. The coefficient of determination (R ²) was high or average in five of the six endogenous variables, so the model explains 47.3% of the variation in behavioral intention. It is noteworthy that among the antecedents of behavioral intention (BI) analyzed in this study, perceived usefulness is the variable that has a greater effect on behavioral intention, followed by ease of use (PEU) and attitude (AT). Among the organizational aspects (critical success factors) studied technological complexity (TC) and training (ERT) were those with greatest effect on behavioral intention to use, although these effects were lower than those produced by behavioral factors (originating from TAM). It is pointed out further that the support of senior management (TMS) showed, among all variables, the least effect on the intention to use (BI) and was followed by communications (COM) and cooperation (CO), which exert a low effect on behavioral intention (BI). Therefore, as other studies on the TAM constructs were adequate for the present research. Thus, the study contributed towards proving evidence that the Technology Acceptance Model can be applied to predict the acceptance of integrated management systems, even in public. Keywords: Technology

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This research aims to understand the factors that influence intention to online purchase of consumers, and to identify between these factors those that influence the users and the nonusers of electronic commerce. Thus, it is an applied, exploratory and descriptive research, developed in a quantitative model. Data collection was done through a questionnaire administered to a sample of 194 graduate students from the Centre for Applied Social Sciences of UFRN and data analysis was performed using descriptive statistics, confirmatory factorial analysis and simple and multiple linear regression analysis. The results of descriptive statistics revealed that respondents in general and users of electronic commerce have positive perceptions of ease of use, usefulness and social influence about buying online, and intend to make purchases on Internet over the next six months. As for the non-users of electronic commerce, they do not trust the Internet to transact business, have negative perceptions of risk and social influence over purchasing online, and does not intend to make purchases on Internet over the next six months. Through confirmatory factorial analysis six factors were set up: behavioral intention, perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness, perceived risk, trust and social influence. Through multiple regression analysis, was observed that all these factors influence online purchase intentions of respondents in general, that only the social influence does not influence the intention to continue buying on the Internet from users of electronic commerce, and that only trust and social influence affect the intention to purchase online from non-users of electronic commerce. Through simple regression analysis, was found that trust influences perceptions of ease of use, usefulness and risk of respondents in general and users of electronic commerce, and that trust does not influence the perceptions of risk of non-users of electronic commerce. Finally, it was also found that the perceived ease of use influences perceived usefulness of the three groups. Given this scenario, it was concluded that it is extremely important that organizations that work with online sales know the factors that influence consumers purchasing intentions in order to gain space in their market

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Since the emergence of the first demands for actions that were intended to give greater attention to culture in Brazil, came the first discussions which concerned the way the Brazilian government could have a positive influence in encouraging the culture, as is its interaction with the actors interested and involved with the cause. During the military dictatorship, there were programs which relied on the direct participation of the State to ensure that right, from the viewpoint of its support and implementation of public resources in developing the "cultural product" to be brought to society in its various forms of expression - all this, funded by the government. It is an example of "EMBRAFILMES" and "Projeto Seis e Meia", continued until the present day in some regions of the country, though maintained by entities not directly connected with the administration or the government. However, it was from the period of democratization and the end of the dictatorship that the Brazilian government began to look at the different culture, under its guarantee to the society. Came the first incentive laws, led by "Lei Sarney" Nº 7.505/86, which was culture as a segment which could receive foreign assistance in order to assist the government in fulfilling its public duty. After Collor era and the end of the embargo through the encouragement of culture incentive laws, consolidated the incentive model proposed in advance of Culture "Lei Sarney" and the federal laws, state and local regimentares as close to this action. This applies to the Rouanet Law (Lei Rouanet), Câmara Cascudo Law (Lei Câmara Cascudo) and Djalma Maranhão Cultural Incentive Law (Lei de Incentivo à Cultura Djalma Maranhão), existing in Natal and Rio Grande do Norte. Since then, business entities could help groups and cultural organizations to keep their work from the political sponsorship under control and regiment through the Brazilian state in the form of their Cultural Incentive Law. This framework has contributed to the strengthening of NGOs and with the consolidation of these institutions as the linchpin of Republican guaranteeing the right to access to culture, but corporate social responsibility was the one who took off in the segment treated here, through the actions of Responsibility Cultural enterprises arising from the Cultural Organizations. Therefore, in the face of this discourse, this study ascertains the process of encouraging the Culture in Rio Grande do Norte from the Deviant Case Analysis at the Casa da Ribeira, the main Cultural Organization that operates, focused action in Natal in order to assess the relationships established between the same entity and the institutions which are entitled to maintain the process of encouraging treated in this study - Enterprise, from the viewpoint of corporate sponsorship and Cultural Responsibility and State in the form of the Laws Incentive Funds and Public Culture Incentive