A percepção dos riscos na atividade pericial: um estudo de caso, considerando a cultura da organização com um breve olhar fenomenológico à gestão

A pesquisa objetivou analisar e compreender, considerando os aspectos culturais da organização, como os servidores do Instituto de Criminalística percebem os riscos em seus ambientes interno e externo. A integração das dimensões investigadas (cultura, risco, percepção e gestão) a última sob um breve olhar fenomenológico, possibilitou desvelar até que ponto os valores da organização policial interferem na percepção dos riscos, adicionando uma contribuição às escassas publicações sobre o tema. Em busca da cultura da organização policial, uma incursão histórica esquadrinhou a linhagem da polícia e da Criminalística. No caminho metodológico, deparou-se com raras publicações sobre o tema, demandando um desenho específico para o estudo de caso, considerando o seu contexto atual, em caráter exploratório sobre o foco investigado. Uma abordagem qualitativa, acompanhada de dados estatísticos obtidos na própria instituição, favoreceu a compreensão do problema, envolvendo valores e riscos. Foram desenhadas planilhas ajustadas à realidade da unidade e orientadas aos gestores das seções internas e externas, configurando um mapa de risco do Instituto, resultando em um documento, sem precedentes, tipológico dos riscos na atividade pericial. Levantamento bibliográfico, documental, entrevistas e questionários, garantiram integridade à pesquisa. Em termos práticos, as identificações dos riscos (incluindo o mapa) e os esclarecimentos sobre a cultura, favorecerão, aos administradores, a programação de ações de gestão, visando à redução de instabilidades e tensões que contribuem para a ocorrência de acidentes e perdas no âmbito da criminalística. Concluiu-se, que a percepção e a própria gestão dos riscos são sensíveis às influências de valores culturais, exigindo dos gestores e administrados, em ação participativa, a construção de um ambiente redutor de instabilidades e tensões com a relevância do humano cuja essencialidade representou a senda de partida, de chegada e para retomada, na gestão organizacional.

A monetary mechanism for sharing capital: Diamond and Dybvig meet Kiyotaki and Wright

Historically, payment systems and capital intermediation interact. Friedman (1959), and many observers of bank instabilities, have ad- vocated separating depositary from credit institutions. His proposal meets today an ever-increasing provision of inside money, and a short- age of monetary models of bank intermediation. In this paper, we eval- uate the proposal from a new angle, with a model in which isolating a safe payments system from commercial intermediation undermines information complementarities in banking activities. Some features of the environment resemble the models in Diamond and Dybvig (1983), and Kiyotaki and Wright (1989).

Influência do teor de calcário no comportamento físico, mecânico e microestrutural de cerâmicas estruturais

There are ores of clay in Piauí State that are used for red structural ceramics, which are naturally contaminated with calcareous vein. This is one thing that impedes its exploration in an adequate way, especially for tile production. The present work aims at verifying the influence of the calcareous contents in the technological structural ceramics area, seeking to determine a maximum permissible calcareous proportion/contents in the ceramic mass using the patterns of the local industry production. For the consecution of this paper, it was characterized the clay and calcareous material by FRX, DRX, TGA and DTA. It was also configurated by extrusion and burnt in the temperatures of 850°C, 900°C, 950°C and 1000°C pieces of the corpus with 0, 5, 10, 15 e 20% of calcareous proportion. After that, it was carried out technological samples of linear retraction, water absortion, apparent porosity, specific apparent mass and mechanic resistance. The results showed the possibility of using calcareous in the ceramic mass and in some cases the technological properties got better

Desevolvimento de nanocompósitos de poli(metacrilato de metila)/argila processados por mistura no estado fundido

Poly(methyl methacrylate)/clay nanocomposites were prepared by melt mixing using a montmorillonite-rich clay (MMT). The clay in natura was treated with acrylic acid to facilitate the dispersion in the polymer matrix. A masterbatch of PMMA/clay was prepared and combined with the pure PMMA and then subjected to extrusion process using singlescrew and twin-screw extruders followed by injection. Nanocomposites were processed with clay contents of 1, 3, 5 and 8 wt.%. The effect of shear processing on the morphology of the nanocomposites was evaluated by XRD, SEM and TEM. Thermal and mechanical properties of the nanocomposites were investigated through TGA, DSC, HDT, VICAT, tensile and impact tests, to evaluate the effect of the addition of clay to the PMMA matrix. Flammability tests were also conducted to investigate the effect of the addition of clay on the flame retardation properties. SEM images of the nanocomposites indicated the presence of clay agglomerates, which resulted in the reduction of properties such as thermal stability, mechanical strength and impact resistance, and increased the rate of burning for materials processed by both extrusion routes

Efeito da adição dos azocorantes DR73 e DB79 nas propriedades do poli(metacrilato de metila)

Currently new polymeric materials have been developed to replace other of traditionally materials classes. The use of dyes allows to expand and to diversify the applications in the polymeric materials development. In this work the behavior and ability of azo dyes Disperse Blue 79 (DB79) and Disperse Red 73 (DR73) on poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) were studied. Two types of mixtures were used in the production of masterbatches: 1) rheometer 2) solution. Processing by extrusion-blow molding of PMMA was carried out in order to evaluate the applications of polymeric films. Thermal analysis were performed by thermogravimetry to evaluate polymer and azo dyes thermal stability. Colorimetric analysis were obtained through monitoring the spectral variations associated with sys/trans/anti azo dyes isomerization process Colorimetric data were treated and evaluated in accordance to the color system RGB and CIEL*ab, by monitoring the color change as function of time. Mechanical properties, characterized by tensile tests, were evaluated and correlated with the presence and content of azo dyes in the samples. Analyses by scanning electronic microscopy (SEM) were performed on the surfaces of samples to check the azo dye dispersion after the mixing process. It was concluded that the production of PMMA/azo dyes is possible and feasible, and the mixtures produced had synergy of properties for use in various applications

Processamento e caracterização de compósitos Poli(METACRILATO DE METILA)/Sílica (PMMA/SiO2)

Currently the search for new materials with properties suitable for specific applications has increased the number of researches that aim to address market needs. The poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) is one of the most important polymers of the family of polyacrylates and polymethacrylates, especially for its unique optical properties and weathering resistance, and exceptional hardness and gloss. The development of polymer composites by the addition of inorganic fillers to the PMMA matrix increases the potential use of this polymer in various fields of application. The most commonly used inorganic fillers are particles of silica (SiO2), modified clays, graphite and carbon nanotubes. The main objective of this work is the development of PMMA/SiO2 composites at different concentrations of SiO2, for new applications as engineering plastics. The composites were produced by extrusion of tubular film, and obtained via solution for application to commercial PMMA plates, and also by injection molding, for improved the abrasion and scratch resistance of PMMA without compromising transparency. The effects of the addition of silica particles in the polymer matrix properties were evaluated by the maximum tensile strength, hardness, abrasion and scratch resistance, in addition to preliminary characterization by torque rheometry and melt flow rate. The results indicated that it is possible to use silica particles in a PMMA matrix, and a higher silica concentration produced an increase of the abrasion and scratch resistance, hardness, and reduced tensile strength

Desenvolvimento de bioblendas poliméricas a partir de gelatina bovina e de tilápia com amido de milho

The natural raw materials acquired special importance beside the mineral raw materials with the need for using alternative sources to oil, because they can be used to produce biopolymers. Gelatin, produced from the denaturation of collagen, and starch, an abundant polysaccharide in various plants, are examples of biopolymers which have several technological applications, especially in films. The objective of this work is to produce polymeric bioblends with gelatin and corn starch using two types of gelatin: commercial bovine gelatin and gelatin produced from mechanically separated flesh of tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). For the extraction of tilapia gelatin 3 distinct pretreatments, followed by extraction in distilled water under heating were performed. The properties of gelatin extracted were similar to bovine gelatin, and the differences can be explained by the difference in extraction processes and sources. Blends of commercial gelatin and starch were produced in an internal mixer from a Haake torque rheometer, to study the behavior of the gelatin mixture with starch, thus, the same compositions were processed by twin screw extrusion, to define the mixing parameters. Subsequently, the extrusion of blends of tilapia gelatin and corn starch was carried out in the same twin screw extruder. The physico-chemical, rheological and morphological properties of the blends with thermoplastic starch and gelatin were studied. It was found that various properties vary linearly with increasing concentration of the components. The blends produced are immiscible, and among the two gelatins, tilapia gelatin showed a better interfacial adhesion with the corn starch. Regarding the morphology, gelatins formed the dispersed phase in all compositions studied, even in compositions rich in starch. Can be concluded that the procedure for tilapia gelatin extraction is feasible and advantageous, and the increasing in its scale to a reactor of 30 liters is possible, with a satisfactory yield. The bioblends of bovine gelatin/corn starch and tilapia gelatin/corn starch were successfully produced, and the processing conditions were appropriate

Efeito da velocidade de aquecimento nas propriedades de produtos da cerâmica estrutural

Heating rate is one of the main variables that determine a fire cycle. In industrial processes that use high temperatures, greater fire great can reduce the cost of production and increase productivity. The use of faster and more efficient fire cycles has been little investigated by the structural ceramic industry in Brazil. However, one of the possibilities that aims at modernizing the sector is the use of roller kilns and the inclusion of natural gas as fuel. Thus, the purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of heating rate on the technological properties of structural ceramic products. Clay raw materials from the main ceramic industries in the state of Rio Grande do Norte were characterized. Some of the raw materials characterized were formulated to obtain the best physical and mechanical properties. Next, raw materials and formulations were selected to study the influence of heating rate on the final properties of the ceramic materials. The samples were shaped by pressing and extrusion and submitted to rates of 1 °C/min, 10 °C/min and 20 °C/min, with final temperatures of 850 °C, 950 °C and 1050 °C. Discontinuous cycles with rates of 10 °C/min or 15 °C/min up to 600 °C and a rate of 20 °C/min up to final temperature were also investigated. Technological properties were determined for all the samples and microstructural analysis was carried out under a number of fire conditions. Results indicate that faster and more efficient fire cycles than those currently in practice could be used, limiting only some clay doughs to certain fire conditions. The best results were obtained for the samples submitted to slow cycles up to 600 °C and fast fire sinterization up to 950 °C. This paper presents for the first time the use of a fast fire rate for raw materials and clay formulations and seeks to determine ideal dough and processing conditions for using shorter fire times, thus enabling the use of roller kilns and natural gas in structural ceramic industries

Changes in physical properties of extruded sour cassava starch and quinoa flour blend snacks

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Produção de snacks funcionais à base de farinha de soja e polvilho azedo

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Comparative analysis between a CAD model design and physical models obtained by manufacturing additive technologies using optical scan

This article presents a detailed study of the application of different additive manufacturing technologies (sintering process, three-dimensional printing, extrusion and stereolithographic process), in the design process of a complex geometry model and its moving parts. The fabrication sequence was evaluated in terms of pre-processing conditions (model generation and model STL SLI), generation strategy and physical model post-processing operations. Dimensional verification of the obtained models was undertook by projecting structured light (optical scan), a relatively new technology of main importance for metrology and reverse engineering. Studies were done in certain manufacturing time and production costs, which allowed the definition of an more comprehensive evaluation matrix of additive technologies.

Repair of lamellar scleral lesions in dogs with preserved equine renal capsule: short report

OBJETIVO: Avaliar o uso da cápsula renal de eqüino preservada em glicerina 98% no reparo de lesões lamelares esclerais em cães. MÉTODOS: Foram utilizados 12 cães, machos e fêmeas, com peso médio de 12kg. Foram realizadas avaliações clínica e morfológica aos 1, 3, 7, 15, 30 e 60 dias de pós-operatório. Após anestesia geral e procedimentos padrões de preparo do campo operatório, foi realizada cantotomia temporal, seguida de incisão conjutival e escleral com área de 0,5x0,5 cm na posição de 1hora, próxima ao limbo. em seguida, um fragmento de mesma dimensão de cápsula renal de eqüino preservada em glicerina, previamente hidratado em solução salina, foi aplicado ao defeito escleral criado sendo fixado com pontos simples isolados com vicryl 7-0®. RESULTADOS: A avaliação clínica revelou blefaroespasmo/fotofobia até o sétimo dia de pós-operatório. Foi observado edema conjuntival até o quinto dia, acompanhado de secreção ocular mucóide, que persistiu até o décimo dia de pós-operatório. Não foram observados sinais clínicos de rejeição do enxerto em todos os animais, em todos os períodos avaliados. Os segmentos anterior e posterior do bulbo ocular não apresentaram sinais de inflamação. A análise morfológica revelou exsudação inflamatória aguda nos períodos precoces e intermediários da avaliação e inflamação crônica nos períodos tardios da observação. Houve incorporação do enxerto ao leito receptor. CONCLUSÃO: Os resultados sugerem que a cápsula renal de eqüino preservada pode ser mais uma alternativa de membrana biológica para o reparo de lesões esclerais lamelares em cães e no homem.

Digestibility for dogs and cats of meat and bone meal processed at two different temperature and pressure levels

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Emprego de escama de sardinha (Sardinella brasiliensis - STEIDACHNER, 1859), conservada em glicerina, em ceratoplastias lamelares experimentais em cães

Estudou-se experimentalmente a escama de sardinha (Sardinella brasiliensis) como substituto de córneas no reparo de ceratectomias superficiais em cães. Utilizaram-se 14 animais, machos e fêmeas, sem raça definida, com peso médio de 10 kg, considerados sadios. Analisaram-se, macro e microscopicamente, as córneas receptoras bem como o material implantado aos 1, 3, 7, 14, 30 e 60 dias de pós-operatório. As evidências clínicas para a enxertia lamelar mostraram fotofobia e blefarospasmo mais incidentes nos períodos iniciais e intermediários, com tendência à regressão nos tardios. Revelaram edema discreto e igualmente regressivo; neoformação vascular mais incidente nas fases intermediárias e pouco nas tardias. O estudo microscópico evidenciou quadro reacional compatível com padrão benigno a exemplo do que fora visto macroscopicamente. Ambos retrataram boa adesividade da prótese, epitélio e estroma neoformados, sob e sobrepostos a ela. A transparência das córneas receptoras, junto às zonas de enxertia, manteve-se por 14 dias. Para a enxertia interlamelar, observou-se quadro reacional pouco significativo. Para ambas as enxertias, não foram observados sinais de extrusão do material implantado. A escama de sardinha pode ser empregada para fins tectônicos, com bons resultados em ceratoplastias lamelares em cães.

Progresso científico sobre nutrição de animais de companhia na primeira década do século XXI

O conhecimento científico sobre nutrição de animais de companhia tem aumentado de forma contínua, acompanhando o fenômeno visto em diversas áreas de conhecimento. Na última década, têm-se prioritariamente pesquisas direcionadas ao uso de nutrientes na promoção de saúde, prevenção de doenças degenerativas, melhoria da qualidade de vida e aumento da expectativa de vida de cães e gatos. Este direcionamento de pesquisas é, em grande parte, explicado pela importância que cães e gatos assumiram na vida das pessoas, fazendo com que as decisões alimentares dos proprietários com seus animais se assemelhassem às que adotam para si próprios. A publicação da nova revisão do Nutrient Requirements of Dogs and Cats em 2006 foi, talvez, o avanço recente mais significativo, trazendo novo entendimento sobre necessidades energéticas e de nutrientes nas diferentes fases de desenvolvimento e estados fisiológicos. Apesar destes avanços, ainda são necessárias pesquisas na área de caracterização físico-química e de utilização dos ingredientes, efeitos do processo de extrusão e mesmo de necessidades nutricionais, que conta com uma base pequena de artigos disponíveis, a maioria antiga. Talvez os desafios científicos mais importantes em nutrição de cães e gatos sejam metabolismo de carboidratos, importância da massa corporal magra na saúde, urolitíases, gerontologia, relação entre microbiota intestinal e saúde, imunonutrição e manejo nutricional em condições clínicas específicas importantes para estas espécies.