Aprimoramento da sistemática U-Pb através do método de traços de fissão e técnicas de caracterização: termocronologia da faixa Brasília e sua correlação com a bacia do Paraná

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Vinificação em tinto de uvas americanas: efeito das técnicas de pré-secagem das uvas e de chapéu submerso nos perfis químico e sensorial

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Desempenho da aplicação foliar de zinco em feijoeiro

The nutritional requirements of crops, in general, becomes more intense with the beginning of the reproductive phase, being more critical at the time of seed formation, when considerable amounts of nutrients are they translocation, this requirement should be increased to the fact that nutrients are essential to training and development of new bodies of booking. This study aimed to evaluate the agronomic efficiency of foliar application of zinc (zinc oxide Zn 700 g L-1 ) in bean plant, compared to leaf application of zinc sulphate (ZnSO4) and control (without application of Zn). The experiment was installed in the Faculty of Agricultural Sciences - UNESP / Campus de Botucatu-SP. Was placed in containers with a capacity of 20L of soil and leaf applications encompassing four schemes and two of rain, with 5 replicates per treatment, a total of 40 vessels. The results for the factorial design did not show in general, significantly different answers when evaluated on the simulation of rain or the lack of simulation. The treatment (700g L-1 of ZnO) has demonstrated agronomic efficiency as its foliar application, with results equal or exceed the application of ZnSO4 and control when applied at the same dose of Zn.

Obtenção de amido resistente por intercruzamento e por tratamento hidrotérmico, e sua incorporação em bolos

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Redução de tempos de setup: aplicação de troca rápida de ferramentas em indústria de bebidas

The current competitive market requires companies to adapt so that they can meet the needs of customers in an agile manner and aimed at the lowest possible cost in their manufacture, be it a product or service. The Toyota Production System is aimed at higher profits through lean manufacturing practices with reduced spending, smaller lots and inventories, generated by market demand. The variety of products makes the setup of the equipment a critical point and it should be reduced as much as possible so it does not affect productivity. The rapid exchange of tools allows with few actions and a modification that time does not exceed one digit on your total time. In this study, a case study showed that only with standardization and use of cheap improvements made it possible to reduce setup time in bottle labeling machine by 98 minutes for a final time of approximately 10 minutes with little investment, demonstrating the feasibility the displayed and a monthly gain tool in bottles at approximately 120,000, generating a performance gain and budget of approximately R$ 94,000.00 per month

Estimating the extent of spatial association of Mycobacterium bovis infection in badgers in Ireland

Mycobacterium bovis infects the wildlife species badgers Meles meles who are linked with the spread of the associated disease tuberculosis (TB) in cattle. Control of livestock infections depends in part on the spatial and social structure of the wildlife host. Here we describe spatial association of M. bovis infection in a badger population using data from the first year of the Four Area Project in Ireland. Using second-order intensity functions, we show there is strong evidence of clustering of TB cases in each the four areas, i.e. a global tendency for infected cases to occur near other infected cases. Using estimated intensity functions, we identify locations where particular strains of TB cluster. Generalized linear geostatistical models are used to assess the practical range at which spatial correlation occurs and is found to exceed 6 in all areas. The study is of relevance concerning the scale of localized badger culling in the control of the disease in cattle.

The Duration of the Effects of Repeated Widespread Badger Culling on Cattle Tuberculosis Following the Cessation of Culling

Background: In the British Isles, control of cattle tuberculosis (TB) is hindered by persistent infection of wild badger (Meles meles) populations. A large-scale field trial—the Randomised Badger Culling Trial (RBCT)—previously showed that widespread badger culling produced modest reductions in cattle TB incidence during culling, which were offset by elevated TB risks for cattle on adjoining lands. Once culling was halted, beneficial effects inside culling areas increased, while detrimental effects on adjoining lands disappeared. However, a full assessment of the utility of badger culling requires information on the duration of culling effects. Methodology/Principal Findings: We monitored cattle TB incidence in and around RBCT areas after culling ended. We found that benefits inside culled areas declined over time, and were no longer detectable by three years post-culling. On adjoining lands, a trend suggesting beneficial effects immediately after the end of culling was insignificant, and disappeared after 18 months post-culling. From completion of the first cull to the loss of detectable effects (an average five-year culling period plus 2.5 years post-culling), cattle TB incidence was 28.7% lower (95% confidence interval [CI] 20.7 to 35.8% lower) inside ten 100 km2 culled areas than inside ten matched no-culling areas, and comparable (11.7% higher, 95% CI: 13.0% lower to 43.4% higher, p = 0.39) on lands #2 km outside culled and no-culling areas. The financial costs of culling an idealized 150 km2 area would exceed the savings achieved through reduced cattle TB, by factors of 2 to 3.5. Conclusions/Significance: Our findings show that the reductions in cattle TB incidence achieved by repeated badger culling were not sustained in the long term after culling ended and did not offset the financial costs of culling. These results, combined with evaluation of alternative culling methods, suggest that badger culling is unlikely to contribute effectively to the control of cattle TB in Britain.

Written Communication in a Sixth-Grade Mathematics Classroom

In this action research study of my sixth grade mathematics classroom, I investigated what happened to students’ mathematical achievement when they had increased practice on written explanations to problems. I wanted to see if writing out solutions to problems helped them overall in daily mathematics. By using specific mathematic vocabulary more frequently and deliberately during my instruction, I wanted to investigate whether students would correctly use specific math vocabulary in their written explanations. I also increased my expectations of the students’ written explanations throughout the research project. I wanted to determine whether students would try to meet or even exceed my expectations. I discovered that students used vocabulary more frequently in their written explanations by providing definitions of vocabulary versus using the vocabulary in context. I found little to no evidence suggesting that my students’ mathematical achievement changed through more practice on written communication; however, I did find as my expectations for the quality of students’ written explanations increased, most of my students improved their written explanations of problems and my teaching became more deliberate and specific. As a result of this research, I plan to continue having students communicate their mathematical ideas through written communication while continuing to focus on specific mathematical vocabulary and its purpose in written communication.

Impact of Bottom Flange Confinement Reinforcement on Performance of Prestressed Concrete Bridge Girders

For many years AASHTO provided no recommendation to state DOT’s on bottom flange confinement reinforcement for their bridge superstructures. The 1996 edition of AASHTO Standard Specification for Highway Bridges stated that nominal reinforcement be placed to enclose the prestressing steel from the end of the girder for at least a distance equal to the girder’s height. A few years later the 2004 AASHTO LRFD Bridge Design Specification changed the distance over which the confinement was to be distributed from 1.0h to 1.5h, and gave minimum requirements for the amount of steel to be used, No.3 bars, and their maximum spacing, not to exceed 6”. Research was undertaken to study what impact, if any, confinement reinforcement has on the performance of prestressed concrete bridge girders. Of particular interest was the effect confinement had on the transfer length, development length, and vertical shear capacity of the fore mentioned members. First, an analytical investigation was performed on the subject, and then an experimental investigation followed which consisted of designing, fabricating, and testing eight tee-girders and three NU1100 girders with particular attention paid to the amount and distribution of confinement reinforcement placed at the end of each girder. The results of the study show: 1) neither the amount or distribution of confinement reinforcement had a significant effect on the initial or final transfer length of the prestress strands; 2) at the AASHTO calculated development length, no significant impact from confinement was found on either the nominal flexural capacity of bridge girders or bond capacity of the prestressing steel; 3) the effects from varied confinement reinforcement on the shear resistance of girders tested was negligible, however, distribution of confinement did show to have an impact on the prestressed strands’ bond capacity; 4) confinement distribution across the entire girder did increase ductility and reduced cracking under extreme loading conditions.

RP92-217 No. 19 Cost of Grain Storage

Grain marketing decisions are among the toughest the farm owner/operator or manager must make. Grain producers store grain to speculate on receiving higher prices, earn a return above storage costs, or to take advantage of government programs. Prices must increase enough to cover the additional costs, or forward contract prices must exceed current prices by more than the cost of storage in order to justify forward pricing. The gain in prices received can come from both changes in price level and changes in basis. This research publication discusses all the areas of the cost of grain storage.

Redução de tempos de setup: aplicação de troca rápida de ferramentas em indústria de bebidas

The current competitive market requires companies to adapt so that they can meet the needs of customers in an agile manner and aimed at the lowest possible cost in their manufacture, be it a product or service. The Toyota Production System is aimed at higher profits through lean manufacturing practices with reduced spending, smaller lots and inventories, generated by market demand. The variety of products makes the setup of the equipment a critical point and it should be reduced as much as possible so it does not affect productivity. The rapid exchange of tools allows with few actions and a modification that time does not exceed one digit on your total time. In this study, a case study showed that only with standardization and use of cheap improvements made it possible to reduce setup time in bottle labeling machine by 98 minutes for a final time of approximately 10 minutes with little investment, demonstrating the feasibility the displayed and a monthly gain tool in bottles at approximately 120,000, generating a performance gain and budget of approximately R$ 94,000.00 per month

Effects of irrigation on water use and water use efficiency in two fast growing Eucalyptus plantations

Eucalyptus plantations occupy almost 20 million ha worldwide and exceed 3.7 million ha in Brazil alone. Improved genetics and silviculture have led to as much as a three-fold increase in productivity in Eucalyptus plantations in Brazil and the large land area occupied by these highly productive ecosystems raises concern over their effect on local water supplies. As part of the Brazil Potential Productivity Project, we measured water use of Eucalyptus grandis x urophylla clones in rainfed and irrigated stands in two plantations differing in productivity. The Aracruz (lower productivity) site is located in the state of Espirito Santo and the Veracel (higher productivity) site in Bahia state. At each plantation, we measured stand water use using homemade sap flow sensors and a calibration curve using the clones and probes we utilized in the study. We also quantified changes in growth, leaf area and water use efficiency (the amount of wood produced per unit of water transpired). Measurements were conducted for 1 year during 2005 at Aracruz and from August through December 2005 at Veracel. Transpiration at both sites was high compared to other studies but annual estimates at Aracruz for the rainfed treatment compared well with a process model calibrated for the Aracruz site (within 10%). Annual water use at Aracruz was 1394 mm in rainfed treatments versus 1779 mm in irrigated treatments and accounted for approximately 67% and 58% of annual precipitation and irrigation inputs respectively. Increased water use in the irrigated stands at Aracruz was associated with higher sapwood area, leaf area index and transpiration per unit leaf area but there was no difference in the response of canopy conductance with air saturation deficit between treatments. Water use efficiency at the Aracruz site was also not influenced by irrigation and was similar to the rainfed treatment. During the period of overlapping measurements, the response to irrigation treatments at the more productive Veracel site was similar to Aracruz. Stand water use at the Veracel site totaled 975 mm and 1102 mm in rainfed and irrigated treatments during the 5-month measurement period respectively. Irrigated stands at Veracel also had higher leaf area with no difference in the response of canopy conductance with air saturation deficit between treatments. Water use efficiency was also unaffected by irrigation at Veracel. Results from this and other studies suggest that improved resource availability does not negatively impact water use efficiency but increased productivity of these plantations is associated with higher water use and should be given consideration during plantation management decision making processes aimed at increasing productivity. Published by Elsevier B.V.

Tratamento de água de reservatórios por dupla filtração, oxidação e adsorção em carvão ativado granular

Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o tratamento de água bruta proveniente de um reservatório de água, utilizando instalação piloto de dupla filtração (DF), composta por filtro ascendente de pedregulho (FAP) e filtro rápido descendente de areia (FRD), seguida de uma unidade de pós-tratamento com carvão ativado granular (CAG). Adicionalmente, foi verificado o efeito da pré e interoxidação (entre o FAP e o FRD) na eficiência global do tratamento e na formação de subprodutos orgânicos halogenados (SOH). Em função dos resultados obtidos, foi observado que a pré-oxidação melhorou a qualidade do efluente do FAP e a interoxidação favoreceu que resultassem valores menores de turbidez e cor no efluente do FRD. O processo de tratamento por adsorção em carvão ativado granular, utilizado como pós-tratamento, mostrou-se eficiente para assegurar a qualidade dos efluentes finais nos ensaios realizados, especialmente, em relação à remoção de matéria orgânica, cianobactérias e cor. As concentrações máximas de SOH encontrados nos efluentes do FRD e do FCAG não ultrapassaram os valores limites da Portaria nº 2.914/2011 do Ministério da Saúde.

The impact of the Bolsa Escola/Familia conditional cash transfer program on enrollment, dropout rates and grade promotion in Brazil

We examine the impact of Brazil's Bolsa Escola/Familia program on Brazilian children's education outcomes. Bolsa provides cash payments to poor households if their children (ages 6 to 15) are enrolled in school. Using school census data to compare changes in enrollment, dropping out and grade promotion across schools that adopted Bolsa at different times, we estimate that the program has: increased enrollment by about 5.5% (6.5%) in grades 1-4 (grades 5-8); lowered dropout rates by 0.5 (0.4) percentage points in grades 1-4 (grades 5-8); and raised grade promotion rates by 0.9 (0.3) percentage points in grades 1-4 (grades 5-8). About one third of Brazil's children participate in Bolsa, so assuming no spillover effects onto non-participants implies that Bolsa's impacts are three times higher than these estimates. However, simple calculations using enrollment impacts suggest that Bolsa's benefits in terms of increased wages may not exceed its costs. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

ERYTHROGRAM PROFILE DURING POSTPARTUM PERIOD IN HOLSTEIN COWS

With the intention to evaluate the erythrogram profile during postpartum period in Holstein cows, 142 blood samples were collected from cows during the first 90 days after parturition. Blood samples were collected from clinically healthy cows that were non-reactive to the antigen of bovine leukosis virus (GP 51). These animals were divided into nine experimental groups based on the time of the postpartum sample collection. The blood samples were collected with EDTA and submitted to the following tests: erythrocyte counts, packed cell volume, hemoglobin concentration and calculated blood indices (MCV, MCH, MCHC). There was influence of the postpartum period on the erythrogram. These alterations were observed during the first 24 h after parturition. The hemoconcentration observed during the parturition disappeared during the first 24h of postpartum. Variation of the values were observed: red blood, 5.08 +/- 0.60 and 6.11 +/- 0.72 cells /mu L; hemoglobin concentration, 9.85 +/- 1.6 and 11.46 +/- 1,40 g/dL; packed cell volume, 27.9 +/- 3.3 and 31.9 +/- 3.6 %; MVC, 50.10 +/- 5.90 and 55.27 +/- 6.88 fL; MHC, 18.19 +/- 1.63 and 19.50 +/- 2.76 pg; MCHC, 34.83 +/- 2.07 and 36.88 +/- 1.67 %. The values of the hematological components obtained in this study did not exceed the limits of the reference values, obtained from cows raised within the state of Sao Paulo.