Education and development in Latin America

Includes bibliography

Final report: national and state policies for micro, small and medium enterprises in Brazil

Includes bibliography

Education and development in the English-speaking Caribbean: a contemporary survey

Includes bibliography

Education and development in Latin America (1950-1975)

Includes bibliography

Latin American youth in the 1980's: equality of opportunity in education and employment

Includes bibliography

Education and contraception in rural Latin America

Includes bibliography

Education and research in urban planning and development in Latin America

Las tasas de urbanizacion de America Latina son las mas altas del mundo y los problemas generados por ellas seguiran influyendo en el desarrollo politico, economico y social de la region en los anos futuros. Las necesidades de formacion de profesionales y de investigacion en el campo del desarrollo urbano son tan enormes y los esfuerzos desplegados tan escasos, que se requiere un enfoque enteramente nuevo de parte de las agencias interamericanas. En este sentido, se propone la formacion de un Consejo de Asuntos Urbanos de las organizaciones interamericanas destinado a: a).orientar y financiar los esfuerzos y prestar asesoria en problemas de urbanizacion; b).establecer, en el largo plazo, centros de estudios urbanos y de planificacion nacionales y/o regionales; c).asesorar a las universidades a traves de grants, becas y bolsas viajeras e incrementar el numero actual de becas en desarrollo urbano; d).patrocinar la elaboracion de materiales para la formacion de urbanistas.

Participación de la juventud en el desarrollo de América Latina: problemas y políticas relativos a su inserción en la fuerza de trabajo y a sus posibilidades de educación y empleo = Participation of youth in the development process of Latin America: problems and policies regarding labour force insertion, education and employment opportunities

Incluye Bibliografía

Primeras impresiones sobre Hong Kong

La Declaración confirmó materias que habían sido acordadas anteriormente pero que requerían ser aprobadas por los Ministros. Es evidente que todos los elementos necesarios para concluir las modalidades -que han sido discutidos reiteradamente-- existen y que la posibilidad de avanzar en las fechas propuestas depende exclusivamente de decisiones políticas que fueron postergadas.

Seguimiento y perspectivas de las negociaciones en la OMC: de Ginebra, julio 2005, a Hong-Kong, diciembre 2005

La presente edición del BoletínFAL entrega una visión panorámica de las actuales negociaciones comerciales enla OMC, próximas a enfrentar la VI Conferencia Ministerial del organismo enHong-Kong. La reducción de expectativas sobre los alcances en ese encuentro,producto de los escasos avances en temas críticos -como la liberalización delsector agrícola-, amplía los desafíos para alcanzar un cierre de la Ronda deDoha durante el año 2006. Los gobiernos de la región tienen un papel dentrodel curso que pueda tomar este proceso. Detalles adicionales sobre el desarrollo de éstastareas pueden verse en el capítulo II del Panorama de la InserciónInternacional de América Latina y el Caribe, 2004.

Patient Education and Self-Care for the Management of Jaw Pain upon Awakening: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial Comparing the Effectiveness of Adding Pharmacologic Treatment with Cyclobenzaprine or Tizanidine

Aims: To compare the effectiveness of adding cyclobenzaprine, tizanidine, or placebo to patient education and a self-care management program for patients with myofascial pain and specifically presenting with jaw pain upon awakening. Methods: Forty-five patients with a diagnosis of myofascial pain based on the guidelines of the American Academy of Orofacial Pain participated in this 3-week study. The subjects were randomly assigned into one of three groups: placebo group, TZA group (tizanidine 4 mg), or CYC group (cyclobenzaprine 10 mg). Patients were evaluated for changes in pain intensity, frequency, and duration by using the modified Severity Symptoms Index and changes in sleep quality with the use of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. Data were analyzed by ANOVA and post-hoc or nonparametric statistical tests as appropriate. Results: All three groups had a reduction in pain symptoms and improvement of sleep quality based on a comparison of pretreatment and treatment scores. However, no significant differences among the groups were observed at the posttreatment evaluation. Conclusion: The use of tizanidine or cyclobenzaprine in addition to self-care management and patient education was not more effective than placebo for the management of patients with myofascial jaw pain upon awakening.

Evaluation of the relationship between education and sustainability in peasant movements: The experience of the National Education Program in Agrarian Reform

Brazil is one of the largest agricultural producers in the world. However, its agrarian composition is based on two markedly different production models, particularly in relation to sustainability: a peasant family agriculture, which plays an important role in food production for domestic consumption and advocates agro-ecological practises; and agribusiness, the politically and economically hegemonic model that produces commodities for export based on monoculture and intensive use of pesticides. Therefore, in order to create the means to develop peasant lands, social movements and peasants have engaged themselves politically and defended an education model grounded in sustainable practises of production and social organisation. Taking this into account, the main purpose of this paper is to analyse and assess the Brazilian experience of integration between education and sustainability, in the National Education Program in Agrarian Reform (PRONERA). To accomplish this aim, a survey with a semi-structured questionnaire was carried out among teachers, students, monitors, and coordinators of the course offered by PRONERA. The surveys showed that the courses are promoting the concepts of sustainability among peasants. However, many adjustments need to be taken into consideration during the planning process for the next courses offered by PRONERA.