Realización de seminarios a distancia mediante el uso de herramientas de blackboard (Wimbaclassrom de WebCT) para conocer las aplicaciones y avances de los cultivos celulares en relación al ámbito laboral

La asignatura de Cultivos Celulares impartida en la Licenciatura de Biología de la Universidad de Sevilla, proporciona a los alumnos información teórica y práctica en esta materia. El gran avance tecnológico de los cultivos celulares aconseja complementar la información. Para ello hemos realizado una actividad formativa que ha permitido a profesionales procedentes de otras universidades o empresas, proporcionar de forma directa y sin desplazarse, conocimientos sobre las técnicas más innovadoras en cultivos celulares. Se han realizado dos conferencias a distancia mediante el uso de la herramienta Wimba Classroom. Se evaluó el grado de comprensión de las conferencias por parte de los alumnos mediante las herramientas tarea y examen de WebCT, así como la posible repercusión en la nota final. Los resultados obtenidos mostraron un incremento en el número de aprobados y de presentados a examen en el grupo experimental con respecto al control, así como un aumento de la nota media obtenida (5,92 frente a 4,01). Los alumnos evaluaron distintos aspectos de la actividad mediante encuestas a través de la plataforma, en las cuales se obtuvo un grado de valoración de la misma muy positivo. Los resultados indican que el uso de Wimba Classroom es adecuado para el objetivo propuesto.

La intensificación agrícola y la diversidad vegetal en los sistemas cerealistas de secano mediterráneos: implicaciones para la conservación

El trabajo analiza la importancia de la diversidad vegetal en los agroecosistemas y los efectos de la intensificación de las prácticas agrícolas y del paisaje sobre la diversidad vegetal. La revisión de diversos estudios llevados a cabo por el equipo de investigación permite destacar que la intensificación agrícola, tanto a escala de campo como de paisaje, afecta negativamente la abundancia y la riqueza específica de la flora. La comparación de la flora arvense de los cultivos cerealistas de secano mediterráneos entre los años 50 y la actualidad refleja la reducción de la flora arvense, especialmente de la flora propia de las mieses y la disminución de la abundancia de grupos funcionales como las leguminosas y las plantas entomófilas. El efecto de las prácticas agrícolas y de la complejidad del paisaje varía en función de la flora estudiada. Así, la complejidad del paisaje es el principal factor que afecta la configuración de la vegetación de los márgenes, mientras que la intensidad de las prácticas agrícolas es el principal factor para explicar las diferencias en la flora arvense en el centro de los campos. Por último, el artículo analiza diversas propuestas para la gestión de los agrosistemas con el objetivo de conciliar la producción agrícola y la conservación de la biodiversidad en la región mediterránea.

Histologic evaluation of thermal damage produced on soft tissues by CO2, Er,Cr:YSGG and diode lasers

Objective: The aim of this in vitro experimental study was to perform histological evaluation of the thermal effect produced on soft tissue irradiated with CO2, Er,Cr:YSGG or diode lasers. Study design: Porcine oral mucosa samples were irradiated with Er,Cr:YSGG laser at 1 W with and without water / air spray, at 2 W with and without water / air spray, and at 4 W with water / air spray, with CO2 laser at 1 W, 2 W, 10 W, 20 W continuous mode and 20 W pulsed mode and diode laser at 2W, 5W, and 10W pulsed mode. The thermal effect was evaluated measuring the width of damaged tissue adjacent to the incision, stained positively for hyalinized tissue with Hematoxylin-Eosin and Masson Trichrome stains. Besides, histological changes in the irradiated tissue were described using subjective grading scales. Results: The evaluated lasers developed a wide range of thermal damage with significant differences between groups. The samples with lowest thermal effect were those irradiated with Er,Cr:YSGG laser using water / air spray, followed by CO2 and diode lasers. Conclusions: Emission parameters of each laser system may influence the thermal damage inflicted on the soft tissue, however, the wave length of each laser determines the absorption rate characteristics of every tissue and the thermal effect

Alzheimer Disease Diagnosis based on Automatic Spontaneous Speech Analysis

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most prevalent form of progressive degenerative dementia and it has a high socio-economic impact in Western countries, therefore is one of the most active research areas today. Its diagnosis is sometimes made by excluding other dementias, and definitive confirmation must be done trough a post-mortem study of the brain tissue of the patient. The purpose of this paper is to contribute to improvement of early diagnosis of AD and its degree of severity, from an automatic analysis performed by non-invasive intelligent methods. The methods selected in this case are Automatic Spontaneous Speech Analysis (ASSA) and Emotional Temperature (ET), that have the great advantage of being non invasive, low cost and without any side effects.

Spontaneous Speech and Emotional Response modeling based on One-class classifier oriented to Alzheimer Disease diagnosis

The purpose of our project is to contribute to earlier diagnosis of AD and better estimates of its severity by using automatic analysis performed through new biomarkers extracted from non-invasive intelligent methods. The methods selected in this case are speech biomarkers oriented to Sponta-neous Speech and Emotional Response Analysis. Thus the main goal of the present work is feature search in Spontaneous Speech oriented to pre-clinical evaluation for the definition of test for AD diagnosis by One-class classifier. One-class classifi-cation problem differs from multi-class classifier in one essen-tial aspect. In one-class classification it is assumed that only information of one of the classes, the target class, is available. In this work we explore the problem of imbalanced datasets that is particularly crucial in applications where the goal is to maximize recognition of the minority class as in medical diag-nosis. The use of information about outlier and Fractal Dimen-sion features improves the system performance.

Correlation between charge transport and electroluminescence properties of Si-rich oxide/nitride/oxide-based light emitting capacitors.

The electrical and electroluminescence (EL) properties at room and high temperatures of oxide/ nitride/oxide (ONO)-based light emitting capacitors are studied. The ONO multidielectric layer is enriched with silicon by means of ion implantation. The exceeding silicon distribution follows a Gaussian profile with a maximum of 19%, centered close to the lower oxide/nitride interface. The electrical measurements performed at room and high temperatures allowed to unambiguously identify variable range hopping (VRH) as the dominant electrical conduction mechanism at low voltages, whereas at moderate and high voltages, a hybrid conduction formed by means of variable range hopping and space charge-limited current enhanced by Poole-Frenkel effect predominates. The EL spectra at different temperatures are also recorded, and the correlation between charge transport mechanisms and EL properties is discussed.

Sociodemographic Factors and Clinical Conditions Associated to Hospitalization in Influenza A (H1N1) 2009 Virus Infected Patients in Spain, 2009-2010

The emergence and pandemic spread of a new strain of influenza A (H1N1) virus in 2009 resulted in a serious alarm in clinical and public health services all over the world. One distinguishing feature of this new influenza pandemic was the different profile of hospitalized patients compared to those from traditional seasonal influenza infections. Our goal was to analyze sociodemographic and clinical factors associated to hospitalization following infection by influenza A(H1N1) virus. We report the results of a Spanish nationwide study with laboratory confirmed infection by the new pandemic virus in a case-control design based on hospitalized patients. The main risk factors for hospitalization of influenza A (H1N1) 2009 were determined to be obesity (BMI≥40, with an odds-ratio [OR] 14.27), hematological neoplasia (OR 10.71), chronic heart disease, COPD (OR 5.16) and neurological disease, among the clinical conditions, whereas low education level and some ethnic backgrounds (Gypsies and Amerinds) were the sociodemographic variables found associated to hospitalization. The presence of any clinical condition of moderate risk almost triples the risk of hospitalization (OR 2.88) and high risk conditions raise this value markedly (OR 6.43). The risk of hospitalization increased proportionally when for two (OR 2.08) or for three or more (OR 4.86) risk factors were simultaneously present in the same patient. These findings should be considered when a new influenza virus appears in the human population.

A mouse peritonitis model for the study of glycopeptide efficacy in GISA infections

In recent years, the emergence of Staphylococcus aureus strains with reduced susceptibility to glycopeptides has raised considerable concern. We studied the efficacy of vancomycin and teicoplanin, as well as cloxacillin and cefotaxime, against the infection caused by four S. aureus strains with different glycopeptide and β-lactam susceptibilities (strains A, B, C, and D; MICs for vancomycin of 1, 2, 4, and 8 µg/ml respectively), using a modified model of mouse peritonitis. This optimized model appeared to be straightforward and reproducible, and was able to detect low differences in bacterial killing between antibiotics and also between different S. aureus strains. Bactericidal activities in peritoneal fluid for vancomycin, teicoplanin, cloxacillin, and cefotaxime decreased from -2.98, -2.36, -3.22, and -3.57 log10 cfu/ml, respectively, in infection by strain A (MICs for vancomycin and cloxacillin of 1 and 0.38 µg/ml, respectively) to -1.22, -0.65, -1.04, and +0.24 in peritonitis due to strain D (MICs for vancomycin and cloxacillin of 8 and 1,024 µg/ml). Our data confirm the superiority of β-lactams against methicillin-susceptible S. aureus and show that bactericidal activity of glycopeptides decreases significantly with slight increases in MICs; this finding suggests a reduced efficacy of glycopeptides in the treatment of serious glycopeptide-intermediate S. aureus infections

Microwave spectrometry for the Evaluation of the structural integrity of metallic stents

Purpose: To assess the feasibility of a method based on microwave spectrometry to detect structural distortions of metallic stents in open air conditions and envisage the prospects of this approach toward possible medical applicability for the evaluation of implanted stents. Methods: Microwave absorbance spectra between 2.0 and 18.0 GHz were acquired in open air for the characterization of a set of commercial stents using a specifically design setup. Rotating each sample over 360º, 2D absorbance diagrams were generated as a function of frequency and rotation angle. To check our approach for detecting changes in stent length (fracture) and diameter (recoil), two specific tests were performed in open air. Finally, with a few adjustments, this same system provides 2D absorbance diagrams of stents immersed in a water-based phantom, this time over a bandwidth ranging from 0.2 to 1.8 GHz. Results: The authors show that metallic stents exhibit characteristic resonant frequencies in their microwave absorbance spectra in open air which depend on their length and, as a result, may reflect the occurrence of structural distortions. These resonances can be understood considering that such devices behave like dipole antennas in terms of microwave scattering. From fracture tests, the authors infer that microwave spectrometry provides signs of presence of Type I to Type IV stent fractures and allows in particular a quantitative evaluation of Type III and Type IV fractures. Recoil tests show that microwave spectrometry seems able to provide some quantitative assessment of diametrical shrinkage, but only if it involves longitudinal shortening. Finally, the authors observe that the resonant frequencies of stents placed inside the phantom shift down with respect to the corresponding open air frequencies, as it should be expected considering the increase of dielectric permittivity from air to water. Conclusions: The evaluation of stent resonant frequencies provided by microwave spectrometry allows detection and some quantitative assessment of stent fracture and recoil in open air conditions. Resonances of stents immersed in water can be also detected and their characteristic frequencies are in good agreement with theoretical estimates. Although these are promising results, further verifica tion in a more relevant phantom is required in order to foresee the real potential of this approach.

A mouse peritonitis model for the study of glycopeptide efficacy in GISA infections

In recent years, the emergence of Staphylococcus aureus strains with reduced susceptibility to glycopeptides has raised considerable concern. We studied the efficacy of vancomycin and teicoplanin, as well as cloxacillin and cefotaxime, against the infection caused by four S. aureus strains with different glycopeptide and β-lactam susceptibilities (strains A, B, C, and D; MICs for vancomycin of 1, 2, 4, and 8 µg/ml respectively), using a modified model of mouse peritonitis. This optimized model appeared to be straightforward and reproducible, and was able to detect low differences in bacterial killing between antibiotics and also between different S. aureus strains. Bactericidal activities in peritoneal fluid for vancomycin, teicoplanin, cloxacillin, and cefotaxime decreased from -2.98, -2.36, -3.22, and -3.57 log10 cfu/ml, respectively, in infection by strain A (MICs for vancomycin and cloxacillin of 1 and 0.38 µg/ml, respectively) to -1.22, -0.65, -1.04, and +0.24 in peritonitis due to strain D (MICs for vancomycin and cloxacillin of 8 and 1,024 µg/ml). Our data confirm the superiority of β-lactams against methicillin-susceptible S. aureus and show that bactericidal activity of glycopeptides decreases significantly with slight increases in MICs; this finding suggests a reduced efficacy of glycopeptides in the treatment of serious glycopeptide-intermediate S. aureus infections

Social factors related to the clinical severity of influenza cases in Spain during the A(H1N1)2009 virus pandemic

Background During the 2009 influenza pandemic, a change in the type of patients most often affected by influenza was observed. The objective of this study was to assess the role of individual and social determinants in hospitalizations due to influenza A (H1N1) 2009 infection. Methods We studied hospitalized patients (cases) and outpatients (controls) with confirmed influenza A (H1N1) 2009 infection. A standardized questionnaire was used to collect data. Variables that might be related to the hospitalization of influenza cases were compared by estimation of the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) and the variables entered into binomial logistic regression models. Results Hospitalization due to pandemic A (H1N1) 2009 influenza virus infections was associated with non-Caucasian ethnicity (OR: 2.18, 95% CI 1.17 − 4.08), overcrowding (OR: 2.84, 95% CI 1.20 − 6.72), comorbidity and the lack of previous preventive information (OR: 2.69, 95% CI: 1.50 − 4.83). Secondary or higher education was associated with a lower risk of hospitalization (OR 0.56, 95% CI: 0.36 − 0.87) Conclusions In addition to individual factors such as comorbidity, other factors such as educational level, ethnicity or overcrowding were associated with hospitalization due to A (H1N1) 2009 influenza virus infections.

El Barceloneta I. Una embarcación medieval a tingladillo en Barcelona

El año 2008 una intervención arqueológica en un solar cercano al Port Vell de Barcelona permitió estudiar y localizar una importante área del puerto medieval de la ciudad entre el que destacaría el muelle construido en el año 1477 y un pecio de construcción de casco previo y a tingladillo. El presente artículo realiza una aproximación al pecio Barceloneta I desde diferentes enfoques como los estudios palinológicos, dendrocronológicos, además del estudio histórico y arquitectónico. El conjunto de resultados permite situar la embarcación como la evidencia material de las complejas redes de comunicación marítima entre el Atlántico y el Mediterráneo en época Bajo Medieval así como avanzar en el conocimiento de la construcción naval en este periodo.

Thermal increment due to ErCr: YSGG and CO2 laser irradiation of different implant surfaces. A pilot study

Objective: An evaluation and comparison is made of the thermal increment at different implant surfaces during irradiation with CO2 and ErCr:YSGG lasers. Study design: Five threaded and impacted implants with four types of surfaces were inserted in an adult pig rib: two implants with a hydroxyapatite surface (HA)(impacted and threaded, respectively), a machined titanium surface implant (TI mach), a titanium plasma spray surface implant (TPS), and a sandblasted, acid-etched surface implant (SBAE). A 0.5-mm diameter bone defect was made in the implant apical zone, and a type-K thermocouple (Termopar)® was placed in contact with the implant. The implants were irradiated in the coronal zone of each implant with a CO2 (4 W continuous mode) and an ErCr:YSGG laser (1.5 W, pulsed mode) first without and then with refrigeration. The temperature variations at the implant apical surface were recorded. Results: An apical temperature increase was recorded in all cases during CO2 and ErCr:YSGG laser irradiation without refrigeration. However, when the ErCr:YSGG was used with a water spray, a decrease in temperature was observed in all implants. The acid-etched and sandblasted surfaces were those most affected by the thermal changes. Conclusions: The ErCr:YSGG laser with a water spray applied to the sealing cap or coronal zone of the implants does not generate thermal increments in the apical surface capable of adversely affecting osseointegration and the integrity of the peri-implant bone tissue

Lapsen,nuoren ja lapsiperheen ohjaus sairaanhoitajan kokemana

Tämä opinnäytetyö on osa Lapsen, nuoren ja lapsiperheen ohjaus -projektia. Opinnäytetyön tarkoituksena on selvittää sairaanhoitajien kokemuksia lapsen, nuoren ja lapsiperheen ohjauksesta. Haastatteluaineisto (n=15) kerättiin HUS:n Lasten ja nuorten sairaalan lastentautien ajanvarauspoliklinikoiden sairaanhoitajilta. Haastatteluissa sovellettiin kriittisten tapausten tekniikkaa siten, että sairaanhoitajaa pyydettiin kuvaamaan mahdollisimman tarkasti ja laajasti hänen toteuttamansa merkityksellinen lapsen, nuoren ja perheen ohjaustilanne. Saatu aineisto analysoitiin soveltaen deduktiivista sisällön analyysiä kuvailun tasolla. Kaikki ohjaustilanteet kuvattiin positiivisesti merkityksellisiksi. Ohjaustilanteiden kuvauksissa nousi esille erilaisia ohjaukseen vaikauttavia tekijöitä. Joitakin ohjaustilanteita häiritsi sopivan ja rauhallisen ohjaustilan puuttuminen, mutta useimmilla sairaanhoitajilla oli kuitenkin käytössään erillinen ohjaustila tai oma työhuone. Ohjaukselle pystyttiin varaamaan pääsääntöisesti riittävästi aikaa. Ohjausmenetelminä käytettiin suullista yksilöohjausta, jonka osana kirjallista materiaalia, demonstraatiota, yhdessä harjoittelemista, leikkiä sekä motivoivan haastattelun tekniikkaa. Merkitykselliseksi koettiin sairaanhoitajan ammattitaito, kokemus ja tiedot ohjattavasta asiasta. Ohjaustilanteissa huomioitiin lapsen ikä ja kehitystaso sekä perheen tapa oppia. Vuorovaikutus koettiin hyväksi, kun keskustelu oli sujuvaa ja avointa ja perhe oli vastaanottavainen. Yhteistyössä erottuivat osallistujien erilaiset roolit, pääasiassa yhteistyö kuvattiin onnistuneeksi ja sopuisaksi. Ohjaukseen vaikutti myös perheen tunteminen entuudestaan, sillä pitkä hoitosuhde edesauttoi yhteistyön ja vuorovaikutuksen onnistumista sekä poisti jännittyneisyyttä osapuolten väliltä. Lapsen, nuoren ja perheen aktiivisuutta tuettiin eri tavoin, esimerkiksi positiivisen kannustuksen avulla. Sairaanhoitajat kokivat erityisen merkitykselliseksi asiakkaan tarpeista ja odotuksista lähtevän ohjauksen toteuttamisen. Ohjausta arvioitiin kirjaamalla sairaanhoitajan asiantuntijan arvio, mutta vain harva sairaanhoitajista arvioi ohjausta yhdessä perheen kanssa. Opinnäytetyön tulokset kuvaavat sairaanhoitajien kokemuksia lasten, nuorten ja perheen polikliinisesta ohjauksesta. Tuloksia hyödynnetään projektin seuraavissa vaiheissa, kun tarkoituksena on kehittää vaikuttavaa ohjausmallia sekä ohjauksen opetusta ammattikorkeakouluissa sosiaali- ja terveysalalla. Jatkossa voitaisiin myös selvittää voimavarojen vahvistumiseen tähtääviä ohjausmenetelmiä, kuten motivoivan haatattelun tekniikkaa ja niiden soveltuvuutta hoitotyön eri osa-alueille, erityisesti lasten, nuorten ja perheiden ohjaukseen.