Age effects, unobserved characteristics and hedonic price indexes: The Spanish car market in the 1990's

This paper computes and compares alternative quality-adjusted price indexes for new cars in Spain in the period 1990-2000. The proposed hedonic approach simultaneously controls for time-invariant unobserved product effects and time-variant unobserved quality changes, that are assumed to be captured by model age effects. The results show that the non-adjusted price index largely overstates the increase in the cost of living induced by changes in car prices and that previous evidence for this market have not measured the real extent of that bias, probably due to the omission of controls for unobservables. It is also shown that omitting age effects can also lead to misleading conclusions. The estimated price indexes give also some insights on what could have been the determinants of price evolution in the Spanish car market. JEL classi…fication numbers: C43, E31, L11, L13, Keywords: Hedonic price indexes, Spanish car market, car prices, CPI, Cost of living

The impact of agglomeration effects and accessibility on wages

This paper contributes to the empirical literature on the effects of agglomeration and road accessibility on productivity of firms by looking at the case of Spain. We approach productivity indirectly by using individual wages allocated at the NUTS III level. We use a repeated cross-section of individual micro-data for the years 1995, 2002 and 2006. The availability of interprovincial travel time data for each of the three years allows controlling for transport improvements over the period by using a market potential variable. Additionally, agglomeration is approached by employment density and we control for localization economies, human capital externalities and a large set of individual and workplace characteristics. Estimating by instrumental variables, our results show a positive and significant effect of market accessibility on wages and non linear effect for employment density.

Una aproximació al Pla de Polítiques de Dones del Govern de la Generalitat de Catalunya 2008/2011

La recerca es fonamenta en el Pla de Polítiques de Dones pel període 2008/2011 de la Generalitat de Catalunya. En aquest treball de recerca i a partir d'aquest Pla és pretén conformar una geografia del que han estat les polítiques de dones, els seus resultats, si han estat efectives i la prospecció de quins poden ser els següents passos o fites tant a curt, mitjà i llarg termini. Així mateix, es farà una especial menció al tema de la violència masclista fent, en primer lloc, una aproximació interdisciplinar, per centrar-nos en el que pretén el Pla dins d'aquesta greu problemàtica tot procurant extreure unes conclusions.

Update on Chagas disease in Venezuela: a review

The present article reviews the status of Chagas disease in Venezuela based on the detection of Trypanosoma cruzi infections both in referred patients with clinical presumptive diagnosis (1988-2002) and in individuals sampled from rural localities representative of the different geographical regions of the country (1995-2002). In the former group from 306 individuals examined, 174 (56.8%) were seropositive to T. cruzi; 73 (42%) in the acute phase with 52 (71%) showing blood circulating parasites, and from these 38% were children under 10 years old. The other 101 (58%) showed chronic infection at different degrees of cardiac complication. In addition, serologic examination of 3835 individuals from rural areas revealed 11.7% seroprevalence. From these, 8.5% (38/448) were children aged from 0 to 10 years old. These figures suggest that Chagas disease may be re-emerging in Venezuela judging for the active transmission detected during the last decade. The success of the Venezuelan anti-chagasic campaign during the last 40 years is evaluated in the frame of the present results. The epidemiological situation is discussed and recommendation to consider Chagas disease as a national priority is given.

El biaix social de les elits polítiques catalanes. El cas dels Governs de la Generalitat (1999 ¿ 2003 ¿ 2006 ¿ 2010)

Després de 30 anys de la restauració de la Generalitat es desconeix gairebé tot del perfil social de l¿elit política Governamental catalana, aquest Treball fa una aproximació inicial al tema a partir dels últims quatre Governs de la Generalitat de Catalunya. Els seus membres presenten biaix social respecte la població d¿acord amb el model d¿aglutinació de les elits polítiques, tot i això el model de Desproporció Social Creixent només es valida respecte el gènere. El seu perfil és el d¿un home, de més edat que la mitjana, nascut a Catalunya, amb la carrera prèvia desenvolupada a Barcelona ciutat, amb una formació molt per sobre de la mitjana i de professió economista. Aquest perfil no és exactament el mateix que el dels Parlamentaris regionals espanyols, les diferències es centren l¿edat i la professió mentre que el gènere, l¿origen i el nivell de formació coincideixen. S¿observa també que els Governs d¿esquerra-centre esquerra presenten un percentatge lleugerament superior de dones que la resta, els membres vinculats amb PANE són més joves, incorporen menys dones, menys immigrants interiors, menys educadors i no presenten credencials educatives sensiblement diferents del membres vinculats a partits d¿àmbit estatal.

Agriculture, technological change and environmental sustainability: Looking for a win-win water policy strategy

This paper analyses the effects that technological changes in agriculture would have on environmental, social and economic indicators. Specifically, our study is focused on two alternative technological improvements: the modernization of water transportation systems versus the increase in the total factor productivity of agriculture. Using a computable general equilibrium model for the Catalan economy, our results suggest that a water policy that leads to greater economic efficiency is not necessarily optimal if we consider social or environmental criteria. Moreover, improving environmental sustainability depends less on the type of technological change than on the institutional framework in which technological change occurs. Keywords: agricultural technological changes, computable general equilibrium model, economic impact, water policy

Gobiernos Locales y Cambio Climático: la implementación del Pacto de los Alcaldes - Estudio de caso en Italia y España

La investigació analitza una iniciativa, única a Europa, que exemplifica el rol clau dels governs locals en el context de la Governança Multinivell i de la Cohesió Territorial de la UE: “el Pacte dels Alcaldes contra el Canvi Climàtic”. Reflexiona sobre la implementació, el rol i l'articulació multiactor i multinivell dels seus protagonistes, recolzant-se en un treball de camp que compta amb la contribució d'experts i polítics d'entitats dels dos països que reuneixen el major nombre d'actors formalment adherits: Itàlia i Espanya. El objectiu és preparar el terreny per a una investigació doctoral que aprofundeixi les dinàmiques d'articulació global dels actors, el mesurament de l'impacte en la Cohesió de la UE i la seva possible ampliació.

A sexualidade, a saúde reprodutiva e a violência contra a mulher negra: aspectos de interesse para assistência de enfermagem

Com base no referencial da teoria racial crítica, foi feita uma revisão da literatura com o objetivo de buscar informações que fundamentem uma ação profissional afirmativa contra o racismo e o sexismo, baseada em evidências científicas e culturalmente competente. Evidenciou-se que a sexualidade, a saúde reprodutiva e a violência contra a mulher negra são temas com literatura escassa, sugerindo que o racismo e o sexismo estão operantes por meio da omissão ou negligência do Estado pese a mobilização das mulheres negras. Concluiu-se que a discriminação institucional precisa ser explicitada e combatida por meio de várias ações afirmativas em relação à mulher negra que devem ser implementadas ou fortalecidas para a promoção da eqüidade em saúde.

The migration towards Digital Terrestrial Television: challenges for public policy and public broadcasters

This paper initially identifies the main transformations of the television system that are caused by digitalization. Its development in several broadcasting platforms is analyzed as well as the particular obstacles and requirements that are detected for each of them. Due to its technical characteristics and its historical link to the public services, the terrestrial network requires migration strategies different from those strictly commercial, and public intervention might be needed. The paper focuses on such migration strategies towards DTT and identifies the main issues for public intervention in the areas of the digital scenario: technology, business and market transformation and the reception field. Moreover, it describes and classifies the challenges that public broadcasters should confront due to digitalization. This paper finally concludes that the leadership of the public broadcasters during the migration towards DTT is an interesting tool for public policy. The need for foster the digitalization of the terrestrial platform and to achieve certain social and public goal besides the market interest brings an opportunity for public institutions and public broadcasters to work together. That leading role could also be positive for the public service to face its necessary redefinition and reallocation within the digital context.

Overcoming the ethical dilemmas of skilled migration? An analysis of international narratives on the “brain drain”

Migration-related issues have, since approximately 2000, been the object of increased attention at the international level. This has led, among other things, to the production of international narratives, which aim both at understanding migration and at proposing policy recommendations on how to address it, with the objective of improving the governance of migration at the global level. But this implies overcoming dilemmas stemming from the diverging interests of states and other actors (like NGOs and the private sector). This article examines the way in which international migration narratives address skilled migration, which is characterised by some of the clearest political trade-offs between stakeholders. It argues that these narratives attempt to speak to all parties and conciliate contradictory arguments about what should be done, in order to discursively overcome policy dilemmas and create a consensus. While this is line with the mandate of international organizations, it depoliticises migration issues.

The externalisation of the asylum function in the European Union

This paper aims to identify and assess the main items in the strategy followed by the EU and its member states on the externalisation of their asylum function. First, it analyses the European harmonisation of the return to safe third countries and to countries of first asylum, which is carried out by means of readmission agreements. Second, it refers to the strategies defined by the Hague and the Stockholm programs concerning the External Aspects of the European Union Asylum Policy, on the detention centres for illegal immigrants abroad, and on the proposals for delocalisation of asylum applications processing centres beyond the EU borders. Finally, this paper considers whether the strategy of externalisation of the function of asylum sometimes lacks legitimacy, and to what extent there is a fair balance between the interests of the states and the protection of the human rights of refugees and asylum seekers.

The Point system of selection of immigrants in Quebec

The present paper is aimed at identifying what are the effects of the Point System of Selection of immigrants in Quebec. I defend that the distribution of points results in a different composition of immigrant stocks in terms of origin mix and not in terms of labour skills. To do so, I carry out a longitudinal descriptive analysis on the national composition of immigrants in Quebec and two other significant provinces (Ontario and British Columbia), as well as an analysis of the distribution of points in Quebec and in the rest of Canada.

I Relatório Nacional de Direitos Humanos 2004 - 2010

1. A ideia de que os seres humanos nascem livres e são iguais em dignidade, apesar de relativamente prosaica, tem uma poderosa força simbólica, com implicações concretas no campo de interacção e na forma como nos vemos a nós próprios e aos outros, enquanto indivíduos livres, com concepções próprias e formas particulares de realização pessoal, a quem devem ser garantidos espaços de autonomia e assegurado um mínimo existencial para as perseguir e concretizar, e que não podem ser nem beneficiados e nem discriminados injustificadamente, com base em categorias suspeitas de raça, religião, posição social, etc. Os direitos humanos consubstanciam-se, de facto, numa das mais poderosas forças ideológicas e institucionais que moldaram o ethos da modernidade e, gradualmente, se consolidaram e projectaram por grande parte do Mundo, particularmente no Ocidente. Com efeito, desde as revoluções liberais dos Séculos XVII e XVIII, com o surgimento do Estado liberal inglês e a democracia norte-americana, com o reconhecimento dessa categoria de direitos pela Declaração Francesa dos Direitos do Homem e do Cidadão de 1789 que, gradualmente, mas com hiatos importantes, os direitos humanos se têm afirmado como um dos pilares indissociáveis do Estado de Direito Democrático e, de certa forma, da própria comunidade internacional. Não obstante, foi curiosamente na sequência de um dos mais evidentes retrocessos que, aliás, não podem ser dissociados da própria modernidade, que eles se consolidam igualmente na esfera internacional, condição indispensável para a sua projecção além do número reduzido de países supramencionados. Destarte, o fim da II Guerra Mundial e as violações grosseiras aos direitos humanos promovidas principalmente pela Alemanha - mas também, embora sem qualquer equivalência, pela União das Repúblicas Socialistas Soviéticas e por outras potências vencedoras -, Declaração Universal dos Direitos Humanos de 19481 deixaram transparecer, de forma inequívoca, a necessidade de transformar princípios morais universais, decantados por filósofos e literatos, numa realidade positivada e palpável que pudesse conter a liberalidade de tratamento de Estados sobre indivíduos. Nasce, deste modo, a base do Direito Internacional dos Direitos Humanos, com a, posteriormente desenvolvida pelo conjunto de documentos que compõem a actual International Bill of Rights (Carta Internacional dos Direitos Humanos), designadamente os dois pactos de 1966 e convenções destinadas a lidar com situações ou categorias especiais de pessoas (discriminação racial, tortura, mulheres e crianças).

La Contribución al desarrollo humano de las políticas públicas de TIC para la educación en los países del Cono Sur (Argentina, Chile y Uruguay)

Aquesta investigació estudia la contribució al Desenvolupament Humà de les polítiques publiques de TIC per a l’Educació als països del Cono Sur (Argentina, Xile i Uruguai). Aquests països van al capdavant de la regió en temes de TIC, Educació i Desenvolupament, així doncs l’objectiu final es veure si les polítiques publiques que enfatitzen en aspectes vinculats al Desenvolupament Humà afavoreixen el desenvolupament del països. Per a això s’han analitzat les Agendes Digitals dels països seleccionats en base a una matriu d’anàlisi creada específicamente per a aquesta investigación i construïda amb indicadors vinculats al Desenvolupament Humà

La Alfabetización digital mediática y el reto de las TIC en Colombia : diagnóstico y análisis de las principales iniciativas educomunicativas en el escenario 2.0

Històricament la inserció de Colombia a les TIC i al desenvolupament que aquestes comporten va ser lenta. Tot i això, als últims anys s'han desenvolupat projectes de infraestructura i apropiació tecnològica a grans velocitats. En aquest escenari la educomunicació ha avançat de manera formidable i la web colombiana comença a nodrir-se de continguts abundants i de qualitat per a l'educació. Aquest treball examina les principals iniciatives 2.0 per a l'educomunicació i dóna un diagnòstic sobre la seva funcionalitat (progressos i carències). Finalment, dóna una serie de recomanacions per al correcte ús de les eines que ofereix la web 2.0