Resposta metabólica de pacientes cirróticos (Child A) ao aumento da ingestão protéica e/ou calórica. Estudo do balanço nitrogenado.

The dietary protein assimilation by cirrhotic undernourished patients (lower lean body mass and plasma TBPA and RBP levels) was investigated in five-adult male subjects suffering from histologically diagnosed liver cirrhosis, in its clinically mild stage (Child-Turcotte-Pugh grade A). During the 9 day-dietary study the patients received orally a sequence of complete-regional diets containing different protein-energy compositions identified as (g prot/Cal/kg/day): D0 = 0.42/20.9; D1 = 0.91/37.5; D2 = 0.99/47.9 and D3 = 1.60/40.5. The respective N-balance values (g/day) found were (mean +/- SD): low protein calorie (D0) = -4.24 +/- 2.46; normal protein calorie (D1) = 0.66 +/- 1.99; normal protein-high calorie (D2) = 1.14 +/- 2.54; high protein normal calorie (D3) = 5.12 +/- 2.48. The correspondent urea-N output (g/kg/day) were D0 = 0.22 +/- 0.100; D1 = 0.238 +/- 0.099; D = 0.20 +/- 0.063 and D3 = 0.310 +/- 0.121. The present data thus suggest that protein rather than energy intake would be the limited factor for increasing the N-retention in (mild) cirrhotic patients whom tolerate well dietary protein at either normal or elevated levels.

Reinforcing properties of fencamfamine: Involvement of dopamine and opioid receptors

Fencamfamine (FCF) is a psychostimulant classified as an indirect dopamine agonist. The conditioning place preference (CPP) paradigm was used to investigate the reinforcing properties of FCF. After initial preferences had been determined, animals were conditioned with FCF (1.75, 3.5, or 7.0 mg/kg; IP). Only at the dose of 3.5 mg/kg FCF produced a significant place preference. Pretreatment with SCH23390 (0.05 mg/kg, SC) or naloxone (1.0 mg/kg SC) 10 min before FCF (3.5 mg/kg; IP) blocked both FCF-induced hyperactivity and CPP. Pretreatment with metoclopramide (10.0 mg/kg; IP) or pimozide (1.0 mg/kg, IP), respectively, 30 min or 4 h before FCF (3.5 mg/kg; IP), which blocked the FCF-induced locomotor activity, failed to influence place conditioning produced by FCF. In conclusion, the present study suggests that dopamine D 1 and opioid receptors are related to FCF reinforcing effect, while dopamine D 2 subtype receptor was ineffective in modifying FCF-induced CPP.

Efeitos nutricionais da substituição parcial do farelo de soja por uréia, em dieta de ovinos. Comparação da digestibilidade aparente e balanço de nitrogênio com a cinética do metabolismo da 15N-glicina

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Pharmacological antagonism of Anchietia salutaris extracts on the contraction induced by prostaglandin D2 and U46619 in guinea-pig lung parenchymal strips

Anchietia salutaris tea is traditionally used in Brazil to treat allergies, suggesting it contains compounds with antagonistic activity on the allergic mediators. We have evaluated extracts and semi-purified fractions of Anchietia salutaris as a source of compounds having this type of antagonism on the contraction induced in guinea-pig lung parenchymal strips and on platelet aggregation and shape change. After 10 min pre-incubation dichloromethane extracts containing 30 or 100 μg mL-1 inhibited the contraction induced by prostaglandin D2 (PGD2) in guinea-pig lung parenchymal strips with dose ratios (DR) of 0.76 ± 0.14 and 0.93 ± 0.19, respectively; the amount of inhibition depended both on the concentration and on the time of preincubation (DR after 30 min pre-incubation was 1.21 ± 0.51). The dichloromethane extract and its semi-purified fractions also inhibited the contractions induced by U46619, a more potent, stable, synthetic agonist of thromboxane A2 (TxA2) prostanoid (TP) receptors, the receptors acted upon by PGD2 to produce lung contractions. The dichloromethane extract did not inhibit the lung parenchymal contractions induced by histamine, leukotriene D4 (LTD4) or platelet-activating factor (PAF). Platelet aggregation induced by U46619, adenosine 5'-diphosphate (ADP) or PAF was not inhibited by the dichloromethane extract. Indeed, the extract potentiated platelet aggregation induced by low concentrations of these agonists and also potentiated the shape change induced by U46619. These results imply that the dichloromethane extract of Anchietia salutaris and its semipurified fractions contain an active principle that competitively inhibits TxA2 TP receptors, the stimulation of which causes lung parenchymal contraction. The inhibition seems to be selective for this receptor subtype, because the extract fails to inhibit platelet aggregation or shape change. This provides additional support of earlier reports suggesting the occurrence of TP receptor subtypes.

Desempenho de cordeiros lactentes recebendo probióticos em comedouros privativos

The presente study was carried out to evaluate the performance of 40 lambs 7/8 Ile de France 1/8 Ideal (20 not castrated males and 20 females) raised with access to creep feeding, until get 17 kg of corporeal weight. The animals were divided in treatments, receiving isoproteic and isoenergetic diets, with diferent levels of probiotics (D1=0%, D2=0,8% e D3=12%). They were analysed in regart to born weight, weight at 30 days and weight gain at maternal independent (from 1th to 4th weeks) and maternal independent (from 5th to 8th week), the age of wean and daily weight gain. The average intake of dry matter by the lambs at D1, D2 and D3 was 0,27, 0,26 and 0,27 kg/day, respectively. On maternal dependent phase, there was no interaction and differences between diet and sex in the born weight (3.30 kg), weight at 30 days of age (11.79 kg) and in the average daily weight gain (0.28 kg). On maternal independent phase, there were no differences in the age of weam (53 days) and daily weight gain (0,26 kg) between diet and sex. It was concluded that probiotics inclusion in the diet of the suckling lambs (males not castrated and females) didn't improve their performance.

CEPAL 40 años (1948-1988)

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Características morfoagronômicas do milho submetido a diferentes níveis de desfolha manual

The present study was conducted to evaluate the damage caused by defoliation in maize. The experiment was carried out in 2005/2006 at Roma Farm, Ituverava-SP, using the triple hybrid CODETEC 304®. The experiment consisted of split plots (split-plot), which were distributed at random in three blocks, with the main treatment manual defoliation (30%, 40%, 60% and 80% defoliation) in the plots and as the secondary treatment the phenological phases (D1, D2 and D3) with three replicates for each treatment and a control plot (0% defoliation) for each block. It was evaluated the production of plots (g/m2), the average size of the spikes (cm) and the average weight of thousand grains (g). According to the results, it was concluded that the source-sink relations were negatively affected, and the treatment with 80% defoliation was the one that most affected all variables, thus, it is a level of defoliation that is responsible for the largest losses, with no means of compensation for the maize crop.

Ferromagnetism and superconductivity in CeFeAs 1-xP xO (0≤x≤40)

We report on superconductivity in CeFeAs 1-xP xO and the possible coexistence with Ce ferromagnetism (FM) in a small homogeneity range around x=30% with ordering temperatures of T SC≅T C≅4 K. The antiferromagnetic (AFM) ordering temperature of Fe at this critical concentration is suppressed to TNFe≈40 K and does not shift to lower temperatures with a further increase of the P concentration. Therefore, a quantum-critical-point scenario with TNFe→0 K which is widely discussed for the iron based superconductors can be excluded for this alloy series. Surprisingly, thermal expansion and x-ray powder diffraction indicate the absence of an orthorhombic distortion despite clear evidence for short-range AFM Fe ordering from muon-spin-rotation measurements. Furthermore, we discovered the formation of a sharp electron spin resonance signal unambiguously connected with the emergence of FM ordering. © 2012 American Physical Society.

Water fluoridation in 40 Brazilian cities: 7 year analysis.

Fluoride levels in the public water supplies of 40 Brazilian cities were analyzed and classified on the basis of risk/benefit balance. Samples were collected monthly over a seven-year period from three sites for each water supply source. The samples were analyzed in duplicate in the laboratory of the Center for Research in Public Health - UNESP using an ion analyzer coupled to a fluoride-specific electrode. A total of 19,533 samples were analyzed, of which 18,847 were artificially fluoridated and 686 were not artificially fluoridated. In samples from cities performing water fluoridation, 51.57% (n=9,720) had fluoride levels in the range of 0.55 to 0.84 mg F/L; 30.53% (n=5,754) were below 0.55 mg F/L and 17.90% (n=3,373) were above 0.84 mg F/L (maximum concentration=6.96 mg F/L). Most of the cities performing fluoridation that had a majority of samples with fluoride levels above the recommended parameter had deep wells and more than one source of water supply. There was some variability in the fluoride levels of samples from the same site and between collection sites in the same city. The majority of samples from cities performing fluoridation had fluoride levels within the range that provides the best combination of risks and benefits, minimizing the risk of dental fluorosis while preventing dental caries. The conduction of studies about water distribution systems is suggested in cities with high natural fluoride concentrations in order to optimize the use of natural fluoride for fluoridation costs and avoid the risk of dental fluorosis.