EPI Update, April 9, 2010

Weekly newsletter for Center For Acute Disease Epidemiology of Iowa Department of Public Health.

Friday Facts, July 9, 2010, Vol. 62

Bureau of Nutrition and Health Promotion part of the Iowa Department of Public Health produces of weekly newsletter about the Iowa WIC Program for the State of Iowa citizen.

Friday Facts, September 9, 2011, Vol. 115

Bureau of Nutrition and Health Promotion part of the Iowa Department of Public Health produces of weekly newsletter about the Iowa WIC Program for the State of Iowa citizen.

The Update, May 9, 2011

The Update is a bi-weekly web newsletter published by the Iowa Department of Public Health's Bureau of Family Health. It is posted the second and fourth week of every month, and provides useful job resource information for departmental health care professionals, information on training opportunities, intradepartmental reports and meetings, and additional information pertinent to health care professionals.

The Update, January 9, 2012

The Update is a bi-weekly web newsletter published by the Iowa Department of Public Health's Bureau of Family Health. It is posted the second and fourth week of every month, and provides useful job resource information for departmental health care professionals, information on training opportunities, interdepartmental reports and meetings, and additional information pertinent to health care professionals.

Friday Facts, March 9, 2012, Vol. 133

Bureau of Nutrition and Health Promotion part of the Iowa Department of Public Health produces of weekly newsletter about the Iowa WIC Program for the State of Iowa citizen.

Measurement of immunoreactive angiotensin-(1-7) heptapeptide in human blood.

BACKGROUND: The renal enzyme renin cleaves from the hepatic alpha(2)-globulin angiotensinogen angiotensin-(1-10) decapeptide [Ang-(1-10)], which is further metabolized to smaller peptides that help maintain cardiovascular homeostasis. The Ang-(1-7) heptapeptide has been reported to have several physiological effects, including natriuresis, diuresis, vasodilation, and release of vasopressin and prostaglandins. METHODS: To investigate Ang-(1-7) in clinical settings, we developed a method to measure immunoreactive (ir-) Ang-(1-7) in 2 mL of human blood and to estimate plasma concentrations by correcting for the hematocrit. A sensitive and specific antiserum against Ang-(1-7) was raised in a rabbit. Human blood was collected in the presence of an inhibitor mixture including a renin inhibitor to prevent peptide generation in vitro. Ang-(1-7) was extracted into ethanol and purified on phenylsilylsilica. The peptide was quantified by radioimmunoassay. Increasing doses of Ang-(1-7) were infused into volunteers, and plasma concentrations of the peptide were measured. RESULTS: The detection limit for plasma ir-Ang-(1-7) was 1 pmol/L. CVs for high and low blood concentrations were 4% and 20%, respectively, and between-assay CVs were 8% and 13%, respectively. Reference values for human plasma concentrations of ir-Ang-(1-7) were 1.0-9.5 pmol/L (median, 4.7 pmol/L) and increased linearly during infusion of increasing doses of Ang-(1-7). CONCLUSIONS: Reliable measurement of plasma ir-Ang-(1-7) is achieved with efficient inhibition of enzymes that generate or metabolize Ang-(1-7) after blood sampling, extraction in ethanol, and purification on phenylsilylsilica, and by use of a specific antiserum.

Footnotes, September 2013, Vol. 38, no.7-9

Monthly newsletter of State Library

Efeito da calagem e adubação da seringueira no estado nutricional e produção de borracha seca

Foram avaliados os efeitos da calagem e da adubação NPK no estado nutricional e na produção de borracha seca do clone RRIM 600. Utilizou-se o delineamento de blocos casualizados, com quatro repetições, em parcelas subdivididas. Nas parcelas foram testados duas testemunhas (sem adubação e sem calagem; sem adubação e com calagem), e seis tratamentos com calagem e adubação (N1P1K0, N2P2K0, N1P1K1, N2P2K1, N1P1K2 e N2P2K2). Os níveis anuais de NPK utilizados corresponderam a 40 e 80 kg ha-1 de N, 17,5 e 35,0 kg ha-1 de P2O5 e 0, 33,2 e 66,4 kg ha-1 de K2O. Nas subparcelas foram utilizados os sistemas de explotação ½S d/4 6 d/7 ET 2,5% LaPa 1/1 10/y e ½S d/6 6 d/7 ET 5,0% LaPa 1/1 10/y. Houve efeito significativo dos tratamentos sobre os teores de N, P, S, Cu e Zn nas folhas. A aplicação de N, nas duas doses, não elevou o seu teor nas folhas. O aumento nas doses de K2O na presença de N2P2 promoveu decréscimo no teor de zinco. A maior produção de borracha seca (1.778,9 kg ha-1), na média dos três anos, foi obtida no tratamento N2P2K1 + calagem nos dois sistemas de explotação.

Pharmacogenetics-based population pharmacokinetic analysis of etravirine in HIV-1 infected individuals.

OBJECTIVES: Etravirine (ETV) is metabolized by cytochrome P450 (CYP) 3A, 2C9, and 2C19. Metabolites are glucuronidated by uridine diphosphate glucuronosyltransferases (UGT). To identify the potential impact of genetic and non-genetic factors involved in ETV metabolism, we carried out a two-step pharmacogenetics-based population pharmacokinetic study in HIV-1 infected individuals. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study population included 144 individuals contributing 289 ETV plasma concentrations and four individuals contributing 23 ETV plasma concentrations collected in a rich sampling design. Genetic variants [n=125 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs)] in 34 genes with a predicted role in ETV metabolism were selected. A first step population pharmacokinetic model included non-genetic and known genetic factors (seven SNPs in CYP2C, one SNP in CYP3A5) as covariates. Post-hoc individual ETV clearance (CL) was used in a second (discovery) step, in which the effect of the remaining 98 SNPs in CYP3A, P450 cytochrome oxidoreductase (POR), nuclear receptor genes, and UGTs was investigated. RESULTS: A one-compartment model with zero-order absorption best characterized ETV pharmacokinetics. The average ETV CL was 41 (l/h) (CV 51.1%), the volume of distribution was 1325 l, and the mean absorption time was 1.2 h. The administration of darunavir/ritonavir or tenofovir was the only non-genetic covariate influencing ETV CL significantly, resulting in a 40% [95% confidence interval (CI): 13-69%] and a 42% (95% CI: 17-68%) increase in ETV CL, respectively. Carriers of rs4244285 (CYP2C19*2) had 23% (8-38%) lower ETV CL. Co-administered antiretroviral agents and genetic factors explained 16% of the variance in ETV concentrations. None of the SNPs in the discovery step influenced ETV CL. CONCLUSION: ETV concentrations are highly variable, and co-administered antiretroviral agents and genetic factors explained only a modest part of the interindividual variability in ETV elimination. Opposing effects of interacting drugs effectively abrogate genetic influences on ETV CL, and vice-versa.

Sublimation of new matrix candidates for high spatial resolution imaging mass spectrometry of lipids: enhanced information in both positive and negative polarities after 1,5-diaminonapthalene deposition.

Matrix sublimation has demonstrated to be a powerful approach for high-resolution matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI) imaging of lipids, providing very homogeneous solvent-free deposition. This work presents a comprehensive study aiming to evaluate current and novel matrix candidates for high spatial resolution MALDI imaging mass spectrometry of lipids from tissue section after deposition by sublimation. For this purpose, 12 matrices including 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid (DHB), sinapinic acid (SA), α-cyano-4-hydroxycinnamic acid (CHCA), 2,6-dihydroxyacetphenone (DHA), 2',4',6'-trihydroxyacetophenone (THAP), 3-hydroxypicolinic acid (3-HPA), 1,8-bis(dimethylamino)naphthalene (DMAN), 1,8,9-anthracentriol (DIT), 1,5-diaminonapthalene (DAN), p-nitroaniline (NIT), 9-aminoacridine (9-AA), and 2-mercaptobenzothiazole (MBT) were investigated for lipid detection efficiency in both positive and negative ionization modes, matrix interferences, and stability under vacuum. For the most relevant matrices, ion maps of the different lipid species were obtained from tissue sections at high spatial resolution and the detected peaks were characterized by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight/time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF/TOF) mass spectrometry. First proposed for imaging mass spectrometry (IMS) after sublimation, DAN has demonstrated to be of high efficiency providing rich lipid signatures in both positive and negative polarities with high vacuum stability and sub-20 μm resolution capacity. Ion images from adult mouse brain were generated with a 10 μm scanning resolution. Furthermore, ion images from adult mouse brain and whole-body fish tissue sections were also acquired in both polarity modes from the same tissue section at 100 μm spatial resolution. Sublimation of DAN represents an interesting approach to improve information with respect to currently employed matrices providing a deeper analysis of the lipidome by IMS.

Distribuição espacial de Toxoptera citricida (Kirkaldy) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) na cultura de citros

O estudo da distribuição espacial de pragas é fundamental para elaboração de planos de amostragem para o uso do manejo integrado de pragas. Para o afídeo Toxoptera citricida (Kirkaldy), estudou-se a distribuição espacial em talhões de pomares de citros comerciais de laranja-doce [Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck] da variedade Pêra, com 5; 9 e 15 anos de idade, durante o período de setembro de 2004 a abril de 2005. Foram realizadas 14 amostragens de número de T. citricida em intervalos aproximados de 15 dias entre as mesmas, utilizando-se de armadilhas adesivas de cor amarela (0,11 x 0,11 m) fixadas à planta, a 1,5 m de altura aproximadamente. As armadilhas foram distribuídas na área, a cada cinco plantas na linha, em linhas alternadas, totalizando 137 armadilhas no talhão com 5 anos, 140 no talhão com 9 anos e 80 no talhão com 15 anos. Os índices de dispersão utilizados foram: razão variância média (I), índice de Morisita (Idelta), coeficiente de Green (Cx) e expoente k da distribuição Binomial Negativa. O índice que melhor representou a agregação do pulgão foi o expoente k da distribuição Binomial Negativa, e a distribuição binomial negativa foi o modelo que melhor se ajustou aos dados. Através destas análises, verificou-se que a maioria das amostragens apresentou uma distribuição agregada da população de T. citricida.

Medical physicists' implication in radiological diagnostic procedures: results after 1 y of experience.

Since January 2008-de facto 2012-medical physics experts (MPEs) are, by law, to be involved in the optimisation process of radiological diagnostic procedures in Switzerland. Computed tomography, fluoroscopy and nuclear medicine imaging units have been assessed for patient exposure and image quality. Large spreads in clinical practice have been observed. For example, the number of scans per abdominal CT examination went from 1 to 9. Fluoroscopy units showed, for the same device settings, dose rate variations up to a factor of 3 to 7. Quantitative image quality for positron emission tomography (PET)/CT examinations varied significantly depending on the local image reconstruction algorithms. Future work will be focused on promoting team cooperation between MPEs, radiologists and radiographers and on implementing task-oriented objective image quality indicators.

CARGA ÓTIMA DE FRUTOS NA MACIEIRA R16;PRINCESAR17; DE BAIXO REQUERIMENTO EM FRIO INVERNAL:RESULTADOS PRELIMINARES

O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar o efeito da carga de frutos sobre a produção total, calibre, massa média, comprimento dos ramos e intensidade da frutificação no ano seguinte, em plantas de macieira (Malus × domesticaBorkh.) cv. R16;PrincesaR17;. Durante os anos de 2009 e 2010, as infrutescências foram submetidas a raleio manual, deixando nas árvores uma carga de 1 a 9 frutos por centímetro quadrado de superfície do tronco (FCQ). A produção total aumentou com o incremento da carga frutífera desde 1 a 9 FCQ, enquanto a massa média dos frutos diminuiu no mesmo intervalo. A quantidade de frutos pequenos aumentou até atingir 10% do total nas plantas de maior carga e a proporção de frutos de tamanho médio cresceu, alcançando 35% do total da produção. No entanto, a quantidade de frutos grandes não foi afetada pelo nível de carga, mantendo-se em maior proporção com relação ao total colhido (˜66%). O crescimento dos ramos, até 60 dias após a colheita, esteve negativamente afetado pela intensidade de carga. Observouse que não houve alternância de safra no ano seguinte ao experimento. A carga ótima para minimizar a produção de frutos pequenos, alcançando a maior produção total sem debilitar as árvores, pode-se atingir no intervalo entre 5 e 9 FCQ.

Rastreamento do câncer de mama: aspectos relacionados ao médico

OBJETIVO: Reconhecer as características dos médicos do Estado de Goiás, suas condutas, crenças, opiniões e conhecimentos sobre câncer de mama. MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS: Foram enviados 592 questionários aos ginecologistas, mastologistas e geriatras de Goiás. Os principais aspectos pesquisados foram: 1 - características sócio-demográficas (sexo, idade, ano de formatura, atuação em serviços públicos ou particulares); 2 - capacidade de reconhecimento dos fatores de risco para câncer de mama; 3 - atividades educativas desenvolvidas pelos médicos; 4 - percepção de elementos limitadores ao rastreamento; 5 - perguntas genéricas. RESULTADOS: Os questionários respondidos totalizaram 105 (21,2%); 70,5% dos médicos eram do sexo masculino; idade média de 43,9 anos (26 a 70 anos); 73,5% tinham menos de 20 anos de formado; 88,6% ginecologistas, 4,8% ginecologistas/mastologistas, 3,8% mastologistas, 2,8% geriatras; 62,5% atuavam na rede pública e particular simultaneamente. Apenas 13,3% identificaram os cinco fatores de risco apresentados. Cerca de 95% responderam ter participado de cursos de atualização nos dois anos que antecederam a pesquisa. Outros resultados serão apresentados. CONCLUSÕES: As recomendações sobre rastreamento do câncer de mama pareceram pouco claras aos médicos. As respostas sobre atividades educativas mostraram-se algumas vezes conflitantes. As crenças e opiniões sobre rastreamento foram bastante positivas. Escassez de equipamentos e custo do exame foram identificados como obstáculos ao rastreamento do câncer de mama.