Estudo da previsão da carga de ruptura de estacas pré-moldadas de concreto

The piles are one of the most important types of solution adopted for the foundation of buildings. They are responsible for transmitting to the soil in deepe r and resistant layers loads from structures. The interaction of the foundation element with the soil is a very important variable, making indispensable your domain in order to determine the strength of the assembly and establish design criteria for each c ase of application of the pile. In this research analyzes were performed f rom experiments load tests for precast concrete piles and inve stigations of soil of type SPT, a study was performed for obtaining the ultimate load capacity of the foundation through methods extrapolation of load - settlement curve , semi - empirical and theoretic . After that, were realized comparisons between the different methods used for two types of soil a granular behavior and other cohesive. For obtaining soil paramet ers to be used i n the methods were established empirical correlations with the standard penetration number (NSPT). The charge - settlement curves of the piles are also analyzed. In the face of established comparisons was indicated the most reliable semiempirical method Déco urt - Quaresma as the most reliable for estimating the tensile strength for granular and cohesive soils. Meanwhile, among the methods studied extrapolation is recommended method of Van der Veen as the most appropriate for predicting the tensile strength.

Experiências de vida e a formação do compromisso pró-ecológico

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES

A neuromodulação do córtex pré-frontal dorsolateral na percepção de tempo em contexto neutro ou emocionalmente ativo

The time perception is critical for environmental adaptation in humans and other species. The temporal processing, has evolved through different neural systems, each responsible for processing different time scales. Among the most studied scales is that spans the arrangement of seconds to minutes. Evidence suggests that the dorsolateral prefrontal (DLPFC) cortex has relationship with the time perception scale of seconds. However, it is unclear whether the deficit of time perception in patients with brain injuries or even "reversible lesions" caused by transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) in this region, whether by disruption of other cognitive processes (such as attention and working memory) or the time perception itself. Studies also link the region of DLPFC in emotional regulation and specifically the judgment and emotional anticipation. Given this, our objective was to study the role of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in the time perception intervals of active and emotionally neutral stimuli, from the effects of cortical modulation by transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), through the cortical excitation (anodic current), inhibition (cathode current) and control (sham) using the ranges of 4 and 8 seconds. Our results showed that there is an underestimation when the picture was presented by 8 seconds, with the anodic current in the right DLPFC, there is an underestimation and with cathodic current in the left DLPFC, there is an overestimation of the time reproduction with neutral ones. The cathodic current over the left DLPFC leads to an inverse effect of neutral ones, an underestimation of time with negative pictures. Positive or negative pictures improved estimates for 8 second and positive pictures inhibited the effect of tDCS in DLPFC in estimating time to 4 seconds. With this work, we conclude that the DLPFC plays a key role in the o time perception and largely corresponds to the stages of memory and decision on the internal clock model. The left hemisphere participates in the perception of time in both active and emotionally neutral contexts, and we can conclude that the ETCC and an effective method to study the cortical functions in the time perception in terms of cause and effect.

Influência dos odores de gato e de cobra no comportamento defensivo e expressão de fos do sistema hipotalâmico de defesa de camundongo

Studies using neuronal tract-tracer in rat have shown that the anterior hypothalamic nucleus, dorsomedial division of the ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus and dorsal premammillary nucleus are highly connected. When the rat is exposed to predator or its odor these nuclei have shown a expression of Fos and their lesion reduces defensive behavior against predator. This set of nuclei was named the Hypothalamic Defense System. However, little is known about the response of this system to the odor of different predators or its role in mice. In this work, we exposed Swiss mice to two different predators odor (cat and snake) to verify the Fos expression in the Hypothalamic Defense System, as well as the defensive behaviors displayed. The analysis showed that the mice exposure to cat odor had an increased expression of Fos protein compared to control, while those exposed to snake odor showed no rise in Fos expression, which was corroborated by the behavioral data. Our results indicate that this distinct circuit in mice seems to act differentially to odorous stimuli of different predators, causing distinct behavioral responses of mice and that the odor of snake seems not to be perceived by Swiss mice as a threatening stimulus.

Modelagem do comportamento à fadiga de compósitos de fibra de vidro a partir de um modelo misto de RNA

This work consists basically in the elaboration of an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) in order to model the composites materials’ behavior when submitted to fatigue loadings. The proposal is to develop and present a mixed model, which associate an analytical equation (Adam Equation) to the structure of the ANN. Given that the composites often shows a similar behavior when subject to float loadings, this equation aims to establish a pre-defined comparison pattern for a generic material, so that the ANN fit the behavior of another composite material to that pattern. In this way, the ANN did not need to fully learn the behavior of a determined material, because the Adam Equation would do the big part of the job. This model was used in two different network architectures, modular and perceptron, with the aim of analyze it efficiency in distinct structures. Beyond the different architectures, it was analyzed the answers generated from two sets of different data – with three and two SN curves. This model was also compared to the specialized literature results, which use a conventional structure of ANN. The results consist in analyze and compare some characteristics like generalization capacity, robustness and the Goodman Diagrams, developed by the networks.

Percepção ambiental como ferramenta diagnóstica para o processo de integração entre uma unidade de conservação e a comunidade do entorno

It is remarkable the current planet’s situation of degradation and modification of natural assets and the considerable loss of the recovery power inherent to the ecosystems. Concomitant with this, all communities and species are suffering the consequences of these changes without planning. The creation of conservation units (UCs) through the National System of Conservation Units (SNUC) was a concrete action on the deliberateness of halting these processes, which, on the other hand, generated socio-environmental, geo-economical and cultural-political conflict of interests between traditional communities in the vicinity of these units, institutions, governmental entities and society in general. The country’s National Program of Environmental Education (ProNEA) provides the integration of the communities and UCs’ managers in a co-participative administration to solve these conflicts. The principles of Environmental Education (EA) leads the methodology found to change the socio-educational paradigms of traditional teaching, still existing in our society and intrinsically related to environmental problems, which are contrary to the dialogic pedagogy from Paulo Freire, that valorize popular knowledge, pro-active citizenship, as well as contrary to Ecopedagogy, that re-integrate human being on its natural environment, the Earth. One of the tools for starting environmental sensitization is the diagnosis by environmental perception of individuals. In this context, the objective of our work was to identify the environmental perception of Tenda do Moreno community located nearby Pau Furado State Park (PEPF) in Uberlândia – MG. To reach this objective, the research sought, in a first moment, to evaluate the environmental perception of residents of this community through semi-structured interviews applied in their homes and, in a second moment, we evaluated the environmental perception of community’ school students and made Environmental Education intervention activities with the intention to make children aware of the importance of conservation and function of PEPF. Using the Content analysis methodology, we found in nearly 60% of the 118 residents a systemic perception of nature, while approximately 32% expressed an anthropocentric perception. Mixed perceptions were found in 21%. A considerable part of the residents (47 individuals) indicated not knowing the park, although many of them recognize its importance. Among the 46 interviewed students, half expressed an anthropocentric perception of nature, while almost 36% had a systemic view. Seventeen children said they did not know the park and almost half of the students recognize some aspect of the importance of its existence. During the intervention activities, we had huge participation and dedication of students, beyond the massive expression of their personal views and daily experiences. In relation to the ten students that subjected the second evaluation about their environmental perception after the intervention, 80% showed systemic perception and emphasized the importance of conservation and of park. We believe that the continuity of the intervention activities could generate positive perspectives of socio-environmental effective changes in the daily school. Activities lead by Ecopedagogy and that encourage the citizen leadership in the young students are fundamental, while in the community, closer ties and dialog by UC’s managers would be important elements to generate effective change.

Aportes para historizar la Educación Ambiental en Argentina : La cuestión ambiental en la Ley Federal de Educación

Un interrogante que moviliza este artículo tiene que ver con identificar cuál de las diferentes posturas presentes en el campo de la Educación Ambiental fue ganando terreno en nuestro país. En esta línea, en el marco de un trabajo de la autora que incluye otras normativas de incidencia nacional, nos planteamos un análisis del articulado de la Ley Federal de Educación, sancionada en 1993, considerando que la legislación permite visualizar los discursos hegemónicos en determinado momento histórico. Seleccionamos la LFE porque el contexto de su sanción estuvo atravesado por los debates internacionales y regionales sobre EA, coincidiendo con una de las Cumbres sobre ambiente más trascendentales en la historia del ambientalismo (Cumbre de la Tierra, Río '92). Asimismo, en el campo educativo nacional resulta relevante ya que la sanción de la LFE marcó un punto de referencia en los debates pedagógicos, en la medida en que reflejó los postulados de una serie de reformas estructurales estatales en el país, ligadas al neoliberalismo. ;Los estudios sistemáticos sobre el campo de la EA son escasos en nuestro país, lo cual puede tener que ver con la ausencia de la temática en los currículum de las universidades nacionales. En este sentido, y asumiendo la necesidad y las potencialidades de este campo, nos proponemos aportar a su desarrollo desde la reconstrucción de la historia del mismo

Reproducción campesina y conocimiento local en contextos de fragilidad social y ambiental : Estrategias familiares y comunitarias en la cordillera del Tentzo, México

El artículo presenta resultados de investigación realizada en la localidad de San Antonio Juárez, municipio de Tzicatlacoyan, en el estado de Puebla, México. El objetivo fue conocer las estrategias de reproducción de los grupos domésticos campesinos, asentados en entornos ambientales adversos, que presentan restricciones severas para el desarrollo de la agricultura. A partir de técnicas cualitativas y cuantitativas, se pudo constatar la presencia de estrategias de reproducción distinta, a nivel de barrio, basada en el conocimiento local, la división genérica del trabajo y la organización a nivel de grupo doméstico y comunidad.

Aportes para historizar la Educación Ambiental en Argentina : La cuestión ambiental en la Ley Federal de Educación

Un interrogante que moviliza este artículo tiene que ver con identificar cuál de las diferentes posturas presentes en el campo de la Educación Ambiental fue ganando terreno en nuestro país. En esta línea, en el marco de un trabajo de la autora que incluye otras normativas de incidencia nacional, nos planteamos un análisis del articulado de la Ley Federal de Educación, sancionada en 1993, considerando que la legislación permite visualizar los discursos hegemónicos en determinado momento histórico. Seleccionamos la LFE porque el contexto de su sanción estuvo atravesado por los debates internacionales y regionales sobre EA, coincidiendo con una de las Cumbres sobre ambiente más trascendentales en la historia del ambientalismo (Cumbre de la Tierra, Río '92). Asimismo, en el campo educativo nacional resulta relevante ya que la sanción de la LFE marcó un punto de referencia en los debates pedagógicos, en la medida en que reflejó los postulados de una serie de reformas estructurales estatales en el país, ligadas al neoliberalismo. ;Los estudios sistemáticos sobre el campo de la EA son escasos en nuestro país, lo cual puede tener que ver con la ausencia de la temática en los currículum de las universidades nacionales. En este sentido, y asumiendo la necesidad y las potencialidades de este campo, nos proponemos aportar a su desarrollo desde la reconstrucción de la historia del mismo

Reproducción campesina y conocimiento local en contextos de fragilidad social y ambiental : Estrategias familiares y comunitarias en la cordillera del Tentzo, México

El artículo presenta resultados de investigación realizada en la localidad de San Antonio Juárez, municipio de Tzicatlacoyan, en el estado de Puebla, México. El objetivo fue conocer las estrategias de reproducción de los grupos domésticos campesinos, asentados en entornos ambientales adversos, que presentan restricciones severas para el desarrollo de la agricultura. A partir de técnicas cualitativas y cuantitativas, se pudo constatar la presencia de estrategias de reproducción distinta, a nivel de barrio, basada en el conocimiento local, la división genérica del trabajo y la organización a nivel de grupo doméstico y comunidad.

Aportes para historizar la Educación Ambiental en Argentina : La cuestión ambiental en la Ley Federal de Educación

Un interrogante que moviliza este artículo tiene que ver con identificar cuál de las diferentes posturas presentes en el campo de la Educación Ambiental fue ganando terreno en nuestro país. En esta línea, en el marco de un trabajo de la autora que incluye otras normativas de incidencia nacional, nos planteamos un análisis del articulado de la Ley Federal de Educación, sancionada en 1993, considerando que la legislación permite visualizar los discursos hegemónicos en determinado momento histórico. Seleccionamos la LFE porque el contexto de su sanción estuvo atravesado por los debates internacionales y regionales sobre EA, coincidiendo con una de las Cumbres sobre ambiente más trascendentales en la historia del ambientalismo (Cumbre de la Tierra, Río '92). Asimismo, en el campo educativo nacional resulta relevante ya que la sanción de la LFE marcó un punto de referencia en los debates pedagógicos, en la medida en que reflejó los postulados de una serie de reformas estructurales estatales en el país, ligadas al neoliberalismo. ;Los estudios sistemáticos sobre el campo de la EA son escasos en nuestro país, lo cual puede tener que ver con la ausencia de la temática en los currículum de las universidades nacionales. En este sentido, y asumiendo la necesidad y las potencialidades de este campo, nos proponemos aportar a su desarrollo desde la reconstrucción de la historia del mismo

Reproducción campesina y conocimiento local en contextos de fragilidad social y ambiental : Estrategias familiares y comunitarias en la cordillera del Tentzo, México

El artículo presenta resultados de investigación realizada en la localidad de San Antonio Juárez, municipio de Tzicatlacoyan, en el estado de Puebla, México. El objetivo fue conocer las estrategias de reproducción de los grupos domésticos campesinos, asentados en entornos ambientales adversos, que presentan restricciones severas para el desarrollo de la agricultura. A partir de técnicas cualitativas y cuantitativas, se pudo constatar la presencia de estrategias de reproducción distinta, a nivel de barrio, basada en el conocimiento local, la división genérica del trabajo y la organización a nivel de grupo doméstico y comunidad.

Comportamento da equipe multiprofissional frente ao Bundle do Cateter Venoso Central na Terapia Intensiva

Objetivo: Analisar o comportamento das equipes de enfermagem e médica relacionada ao Bundle de inserção e às boas práticas no manejo do Cateter Venoso Central. Métodos: Estudo transversal analítico realizado entre junho a setembro de 2014. Aplicou-se um questionário em 76 profissionais de um Setor de Terapia Intensiva. Realizada estatística descritiva e Odds Ratio para avaliar a associação. Resultados: Na pré-inserção do cateter há 1,6 mais chances dos procedimentos de higienização antisséptica das mãos e opção pela veia a ser puncionada, serem questionados, quando não atendem as recomendações vigentes, se forem acompanhados por profissional de nível superior. Na manutenção do cateter, a avaliação diária de sua permanência apresenta 12 vezes mais chance de ser realizadas por profissionais de nível superior (p < 0,05). Conclusão: Demonstrada necessidade de melhoria da prática assistencial. Novos estudos sobre prevenção de infecções e programas educacionais dirigidos a equipe multidisciplinar podem contribuir nesse sentido.

Estudo sobre as diferenças interativas e comunicativas de crianças em idade pré-escolar com pais e educadores

Dissertação apresentada na Escola Superior de Educação de Lisboa para obtenção do grau de mestre em Ciências da Educação Especialidade Intervenção Precoce

Análise experimental e numérica do comportamento de estruturas de solo reforçado com geossintéticos : solo granular versus fino

As estruturas de solo reforçado com geossintéticos são normalmente constituídas por solos granulares com boas propriedades físicas e mecânicas. O uso de apenas este tipo de solos pode proporcionar o aumento, por vezes insustentável, do custo da execução das estruturas e o aumento do seu impacto ambiental. Deste modo, as estruturas de solo reforçado perdem a sua vantagem competitiva em relação a outros tipos de estruturas (muros de betão, muros de gravidade, muros de gabiões, etc.). Para resolver este problema podem ser utilizados outros tipos de solos (solos locais, finos, com propriedades físicas e mecânicas piores mas, no entanto, mais baratos) para a execução deste tipo de estruturas. De forma geral, com este estudo pretendeu-se contribuir para o incremento do conhecimento sobre a utilização de solos finos para a construção de estruturas de solo reforçado (muros e taludes). Para tal avaliaram-se as diferenças no comportamento mecânico dos materiais compósitos (solo granular reforçado versus solo fino reforçado) e das estruturas de solo reforçado constituídas com os dois tipos de solos. Assim, os objetivos deste estudo foram avaliar: a influência de vários parâmetros nas propriedades mecânicas e na capacidade de carga dos solos reforçados com geossintéticos; a influência de vários parâmetros no dimensionamento das estruturas de solo reforçado; e o comportamento das estruturas dimensionadas (incluindo a estabilidade global e a influência do processo construtivo) recorrendo a uma ferramenta numérica (PLAXIS). Para cumprir os objetivos propostos foram realizadas análises experimentais em laboratório (análise do comportamento do solo reforçado através de ensaios triaxiais e de California Bearing Ratio) e análises numéricas (dimensionamento de estruturas de solo reforçado; modelação numérica do comportamento através de uma ferramenta numérica comercial com o método dos elementos finitos). Os resultados dos ensaios experimentais mostraram que o comportamento mecânico e a capacidade de carga do solo foram incrementados com a inclusão das camadas de geossintético. Este efeito variou com os diversos parâmetros analisados mas, de forma geral, foi mais importante no solo fino (solo com propriedades mecânicas piores). As análises numéricas mostraram que as estruturas de solo fino precisaram de maior densidade de reforços para serem estáveis. Além disso, as estruturas de solo fino foram mais deformáveis e o efeito do seu processo construtivo foi mais importante (principalmente para estruturas de solo fino saturado).