El pecado original: Ignorantia juris non excusat (Tema Central)

El presente ensayo pretende hacer un análisis sociojurídico de la presunción de derecho nemini licet ignorare jus, cuya existencia en el ámbito del derecho penal moderno ha sido cuestionada, debatida y en algunos casos excluida. Para identificar las posibles causas que vuelven ineficaz a dicha presunción, se realiza un abordaje desde tres enfoques diversos pero complementarios. Primero, desde un enfoque fáctico en el que se cuestiona la utilidad real de la presunción en el ámbito penal y sus limitaciones pragmáticas. Segundo, desde un enfoque sociológico en el cual se analizan los principales conflictos sociales originados con la vigencia de dicha presunción. En un tercer momento se realiza un análisis de carácter jurídico que muestra la incompatibilidad de dicha presunción con el sistema constitucional de derechos y justicia vigente en el Ecuador. Finalmente, se hace una reflexión sobre los puntos abordados y se busca justificar la exclusión de dicha presunción de la legislación penal ecuatoriana, dejando para el debate otros elementos que junto con la diversidad cultural deben incluirse en el error de prohibición.

Organizational effects of fetal testosterone on human corpus callosum size and asymmetry

Previous theory and research in animals has identified the critical role that fetal testosterone (FT) plays in organizing sexually dimorphic brain development. However, to date there are no studies in humans directly testing the organizational effects of FT on structural brain development. In the current study we investigated the effects of FT on corpus callosum size and asymmetry. High-resolution structural magnetic resonance images (MRI) of the brain were obtained on 28 8-11-year-old boys whose exposure to FT had been previously measured in utero via amniocentesis conducted during the second trimester. Although there was no relationship between FT and midsaggital corpus callosum size, increasing FT was significantly related to increasing rightward asymmetry (e.g., Right>Left) of a posterior subsection of the callosum, the isthmus, that projects mainly to parietal and superior temporal areas. This potential organizational effect of FT on rightward callosal asymmetry may be working through enhancing the neuroprotective effects of FT and result in an asymmetric distribution of callosal axons. We suggest that this possible organizational effect of FT on callosal asymmetry may also play a role in shaping sexual dimorphism in functional and structural brain development, cognition, and behavior.

Grammatical collocations and verb-particle constructions in Brussels French: a corpus-linguistic approach to transfer

In this study the focus is on transfer in Brussels French, the variety of French spoken in Brussels. The methodology proposed in Jarvis (2000) and Jarvis and Pavlenko (2009) is followed to provide proof for the fact that grammatical collocations such as chercher après "to look for" are the result of contact with the source language, Brussels Dutch.