Molecular docking and 3D-QSAR study of pyranmycin derivatives against 16S rRNA A site

To understand pharmacophore properties of pyranmycin derivatives and to design novel inhibitors of 16S rRNA A site, comparative molecular field analysis (CoMFA) approach was applied to analyze three-dimensional quantitative structure-activity relationship (3D-QSAR) of 17 compounds. AutoDock 3.0.5 program was employed to locate the orientations and conformations of the inhibitors interacting with 16S rRNA A site. The interaction mode was demonstrated in the aspects of inhibitor conformation, hydrogen bonding and electrostatic interaction. Similar binding conformations of these inhibitors and good correlations between the calculated binding free energies and experimental biological activities suggest that the binding conformations of these inhibitors derived from docking procedure were reasonable. Robust and predictive 3D-QSAR model was obtained by CoMFA with q(2) values of 0.723 and 0.993 for cross-validated and noncross-validated, respectively. The 3D-QSAR model built here will provide clear guidelines for novel inhibitors design based on the Pyranmycin derivatives against 16S rRNA A site. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Application of the fractional Fourier transform to the design of LCOS based optical interconnects and fiber switches

It is shown that reflective liquid crystal on silicon (LCOS) spatial light modulator (SLM) based interconnects or fiber switches that use defocus to reduce crosstalk can be evaluated and optimized using a fractional Fourier transform if certain optical symmetry conditions are met. Theoretically the maximum allowable linear hologram phase error compared to a Fourier switch is increased by a factor of six before the target crosstalk for telecom applications of -40 dB is exceeded. A Gerchberg-Saxton algorithm incorporating a fractional Fourier transform modified for use with a reflective LCOS SLM is used to optimize multi-casting holograms in a prototype telecom switch. Experiments are in close agreement to predicted performance. © 2012 Optical Society of America.

Relationship between the allelopathic activity and molecular structure of hydroxyl derivatives of benzoic acid and their effects on cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosa

The antialgal activities of benzoic acid, 2-hydroxybenzoic acid (salicylic acid), 3-hydroxybenzoic acid, 4-hydroxybenzoic acid, 3,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid and 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoic acid (gallic acid) were studied on the growth of two strains of Microcystis aeruginosa (toxic FACHB 942 and non-toxic 469). The results showed that the sequence of 50% growth inhibition concentration (ErC50) of 6- compounds for both strains of M. aeruginosa followed the same order: gallic acid > 3,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid > 4-hydroxybenzoic acid > salicylic acid > 3-hydroxybenzoic acid > benzoic acid. The position and the numbers of hydroxy groups between the hydroxy group and carboxyl influenced the antialgal effects of phenolic acids. We also investigated the joint effects of benzoic acid, 4-hydroxybenzoic acid and 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoic acid on the growth of M. aeruginosa ( toxic FACHB 942). The mixture of phenolic allelochemicals showed the synergistic effects.

Experimental demonstration of a transparent graphene millimetre wave absorber with 28% fractional bandwidth at 140 GHz.

The development of transparent radio-frequency electronics has been limited, until recently, by the lack of suitable materials. Naturally thin and transparent graphene may lead to disruptive innovations in such applications. Here, we realize optically transparent broadband absorbers operating in the millimetre wave regime achieved by stacking graphene bearing quartz substrates on a ground plate. Broadband absorption is a result of mutually coupled Fabry-Perot resonators represented by each graphene-quartz substrate. An analytical model has been developed to predict the absorption performance and the angular dependence of the absorber. Using a repeated transfer-and-etch process, multilayer graphene was processed to control its surface resistivity. Millimetre wave reflectometer measurements of the stacked graphene-quartz absorbers demonstrated excellent broadband absorption of 90% with a 28% fractional bandwidth from 125-165 GHz. Our data suggests that the absorbers' operation can also be extended to microwave and low-terahertz bands with negligible loss in performance.

A Novel 0.72-6.2GHz Continuously-Tunable Delta Sigma Fractional-N Frequency Synthesizer

This paper presents a wideband Delta Sigma-based fractional-N synthesizer with three integrated quadrature VCOs for multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) wireless communication applications. It continuously covers a wide range frequency from 0.72GHz to 6.2GHz that is suitable for multiple communication standards. The synthesizer is designed in 0.13-um RE CMOS process. The dual clock full differential multi-modulus divide (MMD) with low power consumption can operate over 9GHz under the worst condition. In the whole range frequency from 0.72GHz to 6.2GHz, the maximal tuning range of the QVCOs reaches 33.09% and their phase noise is -119d8/Hz similar to 124d8/Hz @1MHz. Its current is less than 12mA at a 1.2V voltage supply when it operates at the highest frequency of 6.2GHz.