Genomic divergence of zebu and taurine cattle identified through high-density SNP genotyping

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Applying boron to coconut palm plants: effects on the soil, on the plant nutritional status and on productivity boron to coconut palm trees

Boron, one of the micronutrients frequently found in low levels in tropical soils affects nutrition and productivity of coconut palm trees essentially cultivated in tropical climates. The objective of this research study was to evaluate the effect of boron on the nutritional status of the plant and its productivity when artificially applied to the culture soil. The experiment was carried out in a four year old, artificially irrigated, dwarf coconut palm orchard in Brazil, between January, 2005 and October, 2006. The soil was a red yellow Latosol (B: 0.18 mg dm(-3)). The treatments consisted in the application of five boron dosages: zero, 1, 2, 4, and 6 kg ha(-1). In the field, the treatments were arranged according to a completely randomized block design, with four replications. Boron (borax) dosages were applied in equal halves directly into the soil in the months of January and February of 2005. Boron concentration in the soil and plant and plant productivity were evaluated. The higher palm tree production was associated to levels of 0.6mg dm(-3) of B in the soil and 23.5mg kg(-1) in leaves. Ninety five percent of palm trees maximum production was obtained with the use of a boron dosage of 2,1kg ha(-1).

Influence of environmental temperature and electrolyte balance on the performance of quails (Coturnix Coturnix Coturnix)

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Determinants of bird species richness, endemism, and island network roles in Wallacea and the West Indies: is geography sufficient or does current and historical climate matter?

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Physiological and production response of dairy goats bred in a tropical climate

The aim of this work was to determine the adaptability of Saanen and A1/2Saanen x A1/2Anglo-Nubian (A1/2SA1/2AN) goats bred in tropical climates. The study included 30 goats, 15 Saanen and 15 A1/2SA1/2AN. The data was collected during the rainy and dry seasons. During the whole experimental period, the environment variables were recorded, as well as rectal temperature (RT), superficial temperature (ST), respiratory rate (RR) and heart rate (HR) and milk production (MP). The adaptability coefficient (AC) was calculated for both genotypes. The averages were evaluated by ANOVA at 5 % probability. There was a genotype and period of year effect, as well as the interaction genotype x period of year. Pearson's simple correlation analysis was then carried out between milk production and physiological and environment variables. There was a statistical difference (p < 0.05) between the seasons for RT, ST and RR. RT, RR and HR were lower for A1/2SA1/2AN than Saanen goats, regardless of the season. MP was greater in the dry season (p < 0.05) (2.52 A +/- 0.50 kg/day for A1/2SA1/2AN and 2.41 A +/- 0.38 kg/day for Saanen) than the rainy season (2.17 A +/- 0.27 kg/day for A1/2SA1/2AN and 2.28 A +/- 0.53 kg/day for Saanen). The MP correlations were very significant (p < 0.05), however low and negative, where it was higher when correlated with RR in Saanen goats. Under the conditions of the present study, it is concluded that the goats were influenced by climatic factors, where the rainy period was more likely to cause thermal stress in the animals.

Survey of the nutritional recommendations and management practices adopted by feedlot cattle nutritionists in Brazil

Thirty-three feedlot cattle nutritionists were surveyed to evaluate the management practices and nutritional recommendations adopted by feedlots in Brazil. The web-based survey consisted of 81 questions that included: general information (n = 10); general commodity information (n = 15); use of coproducts (n = 5), roughage source and level (n = 5); adaptation methods (n = 7); feed mixers (n = 6); feeding management (n = 6); cattle management and type of cattle fed (n = 13); formulation practices (n = 9); information resources used for nutritional recommendations (n = 2); and additional questions (n = 3). In total, the 33 nutritionists were responsible for approximately 2,658,000 animals, and moreover, 65.5% of those participants had clients that feed less than 5000 animals yearly. Corn was the primary source of grain used in feedlot diets (87.9%) and cracking was the primary processing method recommended by nutritionists (57.6%). The average concentrate and roughage inclusion in finishing diets was 79.0% and 21.0%, respectively. The main challenges faced by nutritionists are the lack of available and precise equipment and lack of trained employees with respiratory diseases as the main health problem. This survey of nutrition and management practices should aid in the development of research for the feedlot industry in Brazil and similar tropical climates, as well as provide data to facilitate the broader application of future NRC models. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

A new probabilistic canopy dynamics model (SLCD) that is suitable for evergreen and deciduous forest ecosystems

There are strong uncertainties regarding LAI dynamics in forest ecosystems in response to climate change. While empirical growth & yield models (G&YMs) provide good estimations of tree growth at the stand level on a yearly to decennial scale, process-based models (PBMs) use LAI dynamics as a key variable for enabling the accurate prediction of tree growth over short time scales. Bridging the gap between PBMs and G&YMs could improve the prediction of forest growth and, therefore, carbon, water and nutrient fluxes by combining modeling approaches at the stand level.Our study aimed to estimate monthly changes of leaf area in response to climate variations from sparse measurements of foliage area and biomass. A leaf population probabilistic model (SLCD) was designed to simulate foliage renewal. The leaf population was distributed in monthly cohorts, and the total population size was limited depending on forest age and productivity. Foliage dynamics were driven by a foliation function and the probabilities ruling leaf aging or fall. Their formulation depends on the forest environment.The model was applied to three tree species growing under contrasting climates and soil types. In tropical Brazilian evergreen broadleaf eucalypt plantations, the phenology was described using 8 parameters. A multi-objective evolutionary algorithm method (MOEA) was used to fit the model parameters on litterfall and LAI data over an entire stand rotation. Field measurements from a second eucalypt stand were used to validate the model. Seasonal LAI changes were accurately rendered for both sites (R-2 = 0.898 adjustment, R-2 = 0.698 validation). Litterfall production was correctly simulated (R-2 = 0.562, R-2 = 0.4018 validation) and may be improved by using additional validation data in future work. In two French temperate deciduous forests (beech and oak), we adapted phenological sub-modules of the CASTANEA model to simulate canopy dynamics, and SLCD was validated using LAI measurements. The phenological patterns were simulated with good accuracy in the two cases studied. However, IA/max was not accurately simulated in the beech forest, and further improvement is required.Our probabilistic approach is expected to contribute to improving predictions of LAI dynamics. The model formalism is general and suitable to broadleaf forests for a large range of ecological conditions. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Photoperiod modulation of aggressive behavior is independent of androgens in a tropical cichlid fish

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

As Relações Públicas em contextos de internacionalização organizacional: um estudo de caso sobre a aquisição da Tilibra

The objective of this study is to demonstrate how Public Relations can deal with the issue of culture clash between companies undergoing mergers and acquisitions. Within this environment of organizational change, there is the question of human and social as well as the importance of the relationship with all the publics. The Public Relations professional should be part of the organization systems to inform and promote a culture present, and participated in the climates changes and its consequences within these environments

A influência de variáveis ambientais na distribuição e abundância de Brachycephalus ephippium na Serra do Japi, Jundiaí, São Paulo

The Atlantic forest has a large number of endemic species due to the varieties of environments, altitudes, and climates found along its distribution. The species Brachycephalus ephippium is an example of endemic anuran from this forest formation, occurring in the states of São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro and Minas Gerais, between 750 and 1200 m altitude. This species is abundant in the Serra do Japi, an Atlantic Forest remnant, which houses high biodiversity, located in Jundiaí city, between three big urban centers in the state of São Paulo. This remnant, which has altitude ranging between 700 and 1300 meters, is threatened by global climate changes and, spite of legally protected, by intense pressure of urbanization. The aim of the present study was to verify the association between of environmental variables with the abundance and distribution of B. ephippium in the Serra do Japi. The air relative humidity showed a positive correlation with the presence of B. ephippium individuals and the best model to explain the abundance involved air relative temperature and litter temperature. These results allowed the investigation of the environment use by this species and can be used to provide conservationist actions

Análise de viabilidade da utilização do sorgo sacarino como cultura complementar na entressafra da cana-de-açucar

The sorghum is seen as a complementary option ethanol production in the offseason cane sugar because of its high energy potential and its culture to adapt well to hot climates and dry. This study evaluates the use of planting sweet sorghum as a culture supplement cane sugar in its offseason, leading to findings that show the feasibility of planting sorghum harvests of sugar cane

Influência do desponte de panículas de sorgo sacarino sobre a qualidade da matéria-prima e produção de bioetanol

Pós-graduação em Microbiologia Agropecuária - FCAV

Desenvolvimento, validação, avaliação da incerteza de medição e análise de custos de método baseado em espectroscopia no infravermelho e análise multivariada para previsão de parâmetros de qualidade de amostras de E85

Pós-graduação em Química - IQ

Could histoplasma capsulatum be related to healthcare-associated infections?

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Vaccination of sheep and cattle against haemonchosis

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)