Host-guest chemistry of solid coordination frameworks (SCFs) based on Copper(II)-Pyridine Ligands

283 p.

Modern advances in glass-coated microwires: A significant distinction as a soft magnet

174 p.

Análise do comportamento reológico de pastas de cimento contendo resíduos de pneu para poços de petróleo

The low tenacity presented by the Portland cement pastes used in the oil wells cementation has been motivating several researches with attention focused on alternative materials. Additives have been developed to generate flexible pastes with mechanical resistance capable to support the expansions and retractions of the metallic covering of the wells that submit to the steam injection, technique very used to increase the recovery factor in oil reservoirs with high viscosity. A fresh paste with inadequate rheological behavior may commit the cementation process seriously, involving flaws that affect the performance of the paste substantially in the hardened state. This work proposes the elaboration and the rheological analysis of Portland cement pastes with addition of residues of rubber tire in several proportions, with the aim of minimizing the damages provoked in the hem cementing of these wells. By thermogravimetric analysis, the particles of eraser that go by the sieve of 0,5mm (35 mesh) opening and treated superficially with NaOH solution of 1 mol/L presented appropriate thermal resistance for wells that submit to thermal cyclic. The evaluation of the study based on the results of the rheological analysis of the pastes, complemented by the mechanical analysis, thickening, stability, tenor of free water and filtrate loss, being used as parameter a paste reference, without rubber addition. The results showed satisfactory rheology, passive of few corrections; considerable loss of mechanical resistance (traction and compression), compensated by earnings of tenacity, however with established limits for its application in oil wells; satisfactory stability, free water and thickening time

Caracterização termo-mecânica de interconectores metálicos recobertos com filmes de LaCrO3

The cells unitaria of the solid oxide fuel cell are separated by means of interconnects, which serve as electrical contact between the cells. Lanthanum Chromite (LaCrO3) has been the most common material used as interconnect in solid oxide fuel cells. Reducing the operating temperature around 800 º C of cells to solid oxide fuel make possibilite the use of metallic interconnects as an alternative to ceramic LaCrO3. Metallic interconnects have advantages over ceramic interconnects such as high thermal conductivity, electricity, good ductility, low cost, good physical and mechanical properties. In this work evaluate the thermo-mechanical properties of the metallic substrate and coated metallic substrate with the ceramic LaCrO3 film via spray-pyrolysis, in order to demonstrate the feasibility of using this material as a component of a fuel cell solid oxide. The materials were characterized by X-ray diffraction, oxidation behavior, mechanical strength, optical microscopy (OM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The X-ray diffraction proved the formation phase of the LaCrO3 on the metallic substrate and the identification of the phases formed after the oxidative test and mechanical strength at high temperature. The oxidation behavior showed the increased oxidation resistance of the coated metallic substrate. It was noted that the mechanical resistance to bending of the coated metallic substrate only increases at room temperature. The optical microscopy (OM) has provided an assessment of both the metallic substrate and the LaCrO3 film deposited on the metal substrate that, in comparison with the micrographs obtained from SEM. The SEM one proved the formation of Cr2O3 layer on the metallic substrate and stability of LaCrO3 film after oxidative test, it can also observe the displacement of the ceramic LaCrO3 film after of mechanical testing and mapping of the main elements as chromium, manganese, oxygen, lanthanum in samples after the thermo-mechanical tests.

Adição de vermiculita expandida mícron em pastas de baixa densidade para cimentação de poços de petróleo

The northeastern region of Brazil has a large number of wells producing oil using a method of secondary recovery steam injection, since the oil produced in this region is essentially viscous. This recovery method puts the cement / coating on thermal cycling, due to the difference in coefficient of thermal expansion between cement and metal coating causes the appearance of cracks at this interface, allowing the passage of the annular fluid, which is associated with serious risk socioeconomic and environmental. In view of these cracks, a correction operation is required, resulting in more costs and temporary halt of production of the well. Alternatively, the oil industry has developed technology for adding new materials in cement pastes, oil well, providing high ductility and low density in order to withstand the thermo-mechanical loads generated by the injection of water vapor. In this context, vermiculite, a clay mineral found in abundance in Brazil has been applied in its expanded form in the construction industry for the manufacture of lightweight concrete with excellent insulation and noise due to its high melting point and the presence of air in their layers lamellar. Therefore, the vermiculite is used for the purpose of providing low-density cement paste and withstand high temperatures caused by steam injection. Thus, the present study compared the default folder containing cement and water with the folders with 6%, 8% and 10% vermiculite micron conducting tests of free water, rheology and compressive strength where it obtained the concentration of 8 % with the best results. Subsequently, the selected concentration, was compared with the results recommended by the API standard tests of filtered and stability. And finally, analyzed the results from tests of specific gravity and time of thickening. Before the study we were able to make a folder with a low density that can be used in cementing oil well in order to withstand the thermo-mechanical loads generated by steam injection

Síntesis, caracterización y estudio de compuestos de coordinación con el ligando N,N¿dimetil-N-N-bis(2-hidroxi-3-metoxi-5-metilbencil) etilendiamina (H2L)

257 p.

Synthesis and characterization of biodegradable thermoplastic elastomers for medical applications: Novel copolyesters as an alternative to polylactide and poly (e-caprolactone)

421 p.

Caracterização Microestrutural e Tribocorrosiva de Sistemas Metalocerâmicos Odontológicos do Tipo Ni-Cr/Porcelana E Ni-Cr/Ti/Porcelana

The partial fixed prosthodontics restoration is used to rehabilitate form and function of partial or total compromised teeth, having to remain permanently joined to remainder tooth. The most useful material on prosthodontics is the feldspar porcelain, commercialized as aluminosilicate powders. Dental porcelains are presented with limited mechanical properties to rehabilitate extensive spaces. The association with Ni-Cr metallic systems (metal-ceramic system) allows that the metallic substructure compensates the fragile porcelain nature, preserving the thermal insulation and aesthetics desirable, as well as reducing the possibility of cracking during matication efforts. Cohesive flaws by low mechanical strength connect the metallic substructure to the oral environment, characterized by a electrolytic solution (saliva), by aggressive temperature, pH cyclic changes and mechanical requests. This process results on ionic liberation that could promote allergic or inflammatory responses, and/or clinical degradation of ceramometal system. The aim of this study was to evaluate the presence of an intermediate titanium layer on the microscopic fracture behavior of porcelains on ceramometal systems. Plasma deposition of titanium films result in regular passivating oxide layers which act as barriers to protect the metallic substrate against the hazardous effects of corrosive saliva. Tribocorrosion tests were performed to simulate the oral environment and mechanical stress, making it possible the early detection of crack formation and growth on metal-ceramic systems, which estimate the adherence between the compounds of this system. Plain samples consisting of dental feldspar porcelain deposited either onto metallic substrates or titanium films were fired and characterized by scanning electron microscopy. The result showed that the titanium film improved the adherence of the system compared to conventional metal-ceramic interfaces, thus holding crack propagation

Desarrollo de instrumentación basada en LIBS y su aplicaión en la industria del acero

Resumen: Los avances en la industria del acero y la aparición de nuevos materiales con mejores propiedades físico-químicas y mejor comportamiento frente a fenómenos de corrosión, está promoviendo tanto el desarrollo de las técnicas analíticas ya existentes (convencionales) como la búsqueda de tecnologías alternativas que permitan la caracterización y análisis on-line del acero durante el proceso de producción del mismo, abarcando desde las materias primas hasta los productos finales, incluyendo aceros con distintos tipos de recubrimiento metálico (aceros galvanizados). En la actualidad la tecnología láser, junto con avanzadas herramientas quimiométricas, es una poderosa técnica para la caracterización, monitorización y la determinación de la composición química de este tipo de materiales. En este trabajo se presentarán algunas de las aplicaciones más significativas (en diferentes factorías como TKS en Alemania o Gerdau y Acerinox en España) de la espectrometría de emisión atómica de plasmas inducidos por láser (LIBS) para la determinación de la composición elemental de aceros inoxidables tanto a temperatura ambiente como hasta 900 ºC, haciendo hincapié en la versatilidad y flexibilidad de la técnica para el análisis on-line e in situ de muestras de acería y productos acabados.

Development of advanced catalytic systems for the selective hydrogenolysis of biomass-derived polyols

195 p.

Diseño de un programa de higiene y seguridad ocupacional para la pequeña empresa dedicada a la fabricación y modificación de piezas metálicas para todo tipo de máquinas ubicadas en el municipio de San Salvador

Considerando que las pequeñas empresas dedicadas al sector metálico en el país son un apoyo a la población, la cual pretende ayudar al desarrollo y economía de éste, es importante que el personal que labora en ellas cuenten con buena salud y que las condiciones en el ambiente laboral sean las óptimas para obtener así una mayor productividad y brindar un mejor servicio. Por este motivo se encontró oportuno desarrollar un Programa de Higiene y Seguridad Ocupacional en la empresa C.P. AUTOM, S.A de C.V del Municipio de San Salvador. Es importante conocer la situación actual de los talleres que pertenecen a este sector, así como la opinión de cada uno de los trabajadores, requeridos para establecer sus requerimientos en cuanto a la señalización, uso del equipo de protección personal, cronograma de capacitaciones, formación de comité de Higiene y Seguridad, y registro de un control de accidentes y enfermedades. El objetivo principal de la investigación es proponer El Diseño de un Programa de Higiene y Seguridad Ocupacional que permita reducir o evitar los riesgos a los que el personal esta expuesto durante la jornada laboral en la empresa. Para la obtención de la información se utilizaron tres instrumentos: Observación directa, guía de entrevistas y cuestionario, a través de los cuales se recopiló todos los insumos necesarios para poder realizar un diagnóstico sobre la situación actual referente al tema de investigación. En general el diagnóstico reveló deficiencia en los siguientes elementos: Señalización de todo tipo, Falta de capacitación para la prevención de riesgos, personal encargado para la prevención de accidentes, Uso de equipo de protección personal, capitaciones entre otros. Después de realizar los análisis respectivos se establecieron las conclusiones, entre las cuales se destacan las siguientes: No existen lineamientos definidos de información sobre la Higiene y Seguridad Ocupacional; Debido a que el resultado de la evaluación la mayor responsabilidad recae en los propietarios o gerentes de las empresas dedicadas a este sector al no informar sobre las medidas a tomar y las normas que deben cumplirse para evitar cualquier tipo de accidente o enfermedades laborales. Para las conclusiones antes mencionadas se recomienda lo siguiente: Establecer un cronograma de capacitaciones al personal sobre la higiene y Seguridad Ocupacional, Conformar un comité que vele por la seguridad y bienestar de los trabajadores y que se respeten las normas establecidas, Actualizar la señalización en la empresa e incluir las que carecen, Dotarse del equipo de protección personal y de primeros auxilios necesarios.

Contribuições para a análise de crianças e jovens em situação de risco: resiliência e desenvolvimento

Tese dout. em Psicologia Educacional, Faculdade de Ciências Humanas e Sociais, Univ. do Algarve, 2005

Biological and chemical strategies for the recovery of precious and rare metals as nanoparticles

Tese de Doutoramento, Ciências do Mar da Terra e do Ambiente, Ramo: Ciências e Tecnologias do Ambiente, Especialidade em Biotecnologia, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade do Algarve, 2016

Desenvolvimento de filtros cerâmicos impregnados com nanopartículas de prata para desinfecção de água potável

Brazil has vast amounts of hydric resources, whose quality has been deteriorating due to pollutant dumping. Household waste disposal is one of the main sources of water pollution, stimulating bacteria proliferation and introducing microorganisms, including those from fecal matter. Conventional water disinfection methods are a solution, but on the downside, they lead to the formation byproducts hazardous to human health. In this study, aiming to develop bactericidal filters for the disinfection of drinking water; silver nanoparticles were deposited on alumina foams through three routes: sputtering DC, dip coating and in situ chemical reduction of silver nitrate. The depositions were characterized through X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and EDS element mapping. The influence of the depositions on permeability and mechanical properties of the ceramic foams was assessed and, in sequence, a preliminary antibacterial efficiency analysis was carried out. Characterization results indicate that the chemical reduction routes were efficient in depositing homogeneously distributed silver particles and that the concentration of the metallic precursor salt affects size and morphology of the particles. The antibacterial efficiency analysis indicates that the chemical reduction filters have potential for water disinfection

Redução aluminotérmica do óxido de tântalo usando uma tocha de plasma como ignitor

In this work was used a plasma torch of non transferred arc with argon as work gas, using a power supply with maximum DC current of 250 A and voltage of 30 V to activate the plasma and keep it switched on. The flame temperature was characterized by optical emission spectroscopy, through Boltzmann-plot-method. The torch has been used like igniter in the aluminothermic reduction of the mixture tantalum oxide and aluminum, seeking to obtain metallic tantalum. In heating of the reagents only one particle will be considered to study interactions between plasma-particle, seeking to determinate its fusion and residence time. The early powders were characterized by laser granulometry, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction analysis. The final product of this reaction was characterized by SEM and X-ray diffraction. Crystallite size was calculated by the Scherrer equation and microdeformation was determined using Willamsom-Hall graph. With Rietveld method was possible to quantify the percentile in weight of the products obtained in the aluminothermic reaction. Semi-quantitative chemical analysis (EDS) confirmed the presence of metallic tantalum and Al2O3 as products of the reduction. As was waited the particle size of the metallic tantalum produced, presents values in nanometric scale due the short cooling time of those particles during the process