Portrait of four generations of women: Henny Molling nee Meyerhof, Elizabeth Gottschalk, Julie Meyerhof nee Oppenheimer and Therese Gottschalk nee Molling Portraits; Family

From left to right: Henny Molling, born Meyerhof, Elizabeth Gottschalk, Julie Meyerhof born Oppenheimer, and Therese Gottschalk, born Molling.

Personality, health and lifestyle in a questionnaire family study: A comparison between highly cooperative and less cooperative families

The effect of nonresponse on health and lifestyle measures has received extensive study, showing at most relatively modest effects. Nonresponse bias with respect to personality has been less thoroughly investigated. The present study uses data from responding individuals as a proxy for the missing data of their nonresponding family members to examine the presence of nonresponse bias for personality traits and disorders as well as health and lifestyle traits. We looked at the Big Five personality traits, borderline personality disorder (BPD) features, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, Anger, and several measures of health (Body Mass Index, migraine) and lifestyle (smoking, alcohol use). In general, outcomes tend to be slightly more favorable for individuals from highly cooperative families compared to individuals from less cooperative families. The only significant difference was found for BPD features (p = .001). However, the absolute difference in mean scores is very small, less than 1 point for a scale ranging from 0 to 72. In conclusion, survey data on personality, health and lifestyle are relatively unbiased with respect to nonresponse.

The photographer Harry Polk outdoors with his daughter Grace Polk Portraits Family

Digital Image

Portrait of Hugo Pollak with wife Thekla Lichtenstadt Pollak and their children Hans Pollak and Zdenka (Mimi) Pollak seated outdoors Portraits Family

Digital Image

Portrait of Hilde Rosenbaum with her father Julius Rosenbaum in military uniform Portraits Family

Digital Image

Tombstone of the Benno Molling family on the Jewish cemetery; An der Strangriede, Hannover, Germany. Cemeteries Tombs

Digital Image

Family and guests at Aenny Catzenstein nee Gottschalk's 80th birthday; London.

Front row l-r: Francine Durand, Beatrice Durand and Aenny Catzenstein, the boys are Ara-Serge Donabedian and Patrick Matthiesen and the adults are Susan Prior, Francis Matthiesen, Maren Matthiesen, Nino Fabri and Olga Matthiesen,

Portrait of the family of David Stern and Bernice Stern nee Propper.

Seated: David Stern, Bernice Stern, and Jessica Agosti; left to right: Doreen Stern, her husband Michael Stern, Carol Richardson, her husband Blake Richardson, John Agosti. The baby is Katherine Stern

Studio portrait of the Amram family; Buffalo, New York.

The Amrams are related to Hans Krakauer's maternal family the Mayer/Heumann's from Billigheim and Hoffenheim

Fritz Gottschalk's family in front of the hotel Kurhaus Brunig, Norderney; Germany.

Digital Image

The Gottschalk family on the beach; Norderney, Germany.

(l-r) Elizabeth, Hans Ludwing (Hal), the maid, Ursula, Walter, Freddy, Therese (in Strandkorg) and Kurt standing

Fritz Gottschalk family with other children on the beach; Norderney, Germany.

Digital Image

Family portrait of (back l-r) Frieda Arens, Fritz Unger, Gustav Arens, Grete Glasner, (front l-r) Lise Arens, Gitta Unger and Ernst Glasner.

Digital Image

Flora Lotte "Lola" Reiss walking in the street with her father Moritz; Karlovy Vary (Carlsbad) Portraits Family

Digital Image