994 resultados para ALI
Resumo:
Vernacular dwellings are well-suited climate-responsive designs that adopt local materials and skills to support comfortable indoor environments in response to local climatic conditions. These naturally-ventilated passive dwellings have enabled civilizations to sustain even in extreme climatic conditions. The design and physiological resilience of the inhabitants have coevolved to be attuned to local climatic and environmental conditions. Such adaptations have perplexed modern theories in human thermal-comfort that have evolved in the era of electricity and air-conditioned buildings. Vernacular local building elements like rubble walls and mud roofs are given way to burnt brick walls and reinforced cement concrete tin roofs. Over 60% of Indian population is rural, and implications of such transitions on thermal comfort and energy in buildings are crucial to understand. Types of energy use associated with a buildings life cycle include its embodied energy, operational and maintenance energy, demolition and disposal energy. Embodied Energy (EE) represents total energy consumption for construction of building, i.e., embodied energy of building materials, material transportation energy and building construction energy. Embodied energy of building materials forms major contribution to embodied energy in buildings. Operational energy (OE) in buildings mainly contributed by space conditioning and lighting requirements, depends on the climatic conditions of the region and comfort requirements of the building occupants. Less energy intensive natural materials are used for traditional buildings and the EE of traditional buildings is low. Transition in use of materials causes significant impact on embodied energy of vernacular dwellings. Use of manufactured, energy intensive materials like brick, cement, steel, glass etc. contributes to high embodied energy in these dwellings. This paper studies the increase in EE of the dwelling attributed to change in wall materials. Climatic location significantly influences operational energy in dwellings. Buildings located in regions experiencing extreme climatic conditions would require more operational energy to satisfy the heating and cooling energy demands throughout the year. Traditional buildings adopt passive techniques or non-mechanical methods for space conditioning to overcome the vagaries of extreme climatic variations and hence less operational energy. This study assesses operational energy in traditional dwelling with regard to change in wall material and climatic location. OE in the dwellings has been assessed for hot-dry, warm humid and moderate climatic zones. Choice of thermal comfort models is yet another factor which greatly influences operational energy assessment in buildings. The paper adopts two popular thermal-comfort models, viz., ASHRAE comfort standards and TSI by Sharma and Ali to investigate thermal comfort aspects and impact of these comfort models on OE assessment in traditional dwellings. A naturally ventilated vernacular dwelling in Sugganahalli, a village close to Bangalore (India), set in warm - humid climate is considered for present investigations on impact of transition in building materials, change in climatic location and choice of thermal comfort models on energy in buildings. The study includes a rigorous real time monitoring of the thermal performance of the dwelling. Dynamic simulation models validated by measured data have also been adopted to determine the impact of the transition from vernacular to modern material-configurations. Results of the study and appraisal for appropriate thermal comfort standards for computing operational energy has been presented and discussed in this paper. (c) 2014 K.I. Praseeda. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
Resumo:
The binding of ligand 5,10,15,20-tetra(N-methyl-4-pyridyl)porphine (TMPyP4) with telomeric and genomic G-quadruplex DNA has been extensively studied. However, a comparative study of interactions of TMPyP4 with different conformations of human telomeric G-quadruplex DNA, namely, parallel propeller-type (PP), antiparallel basket-type (AB), and mixed hybrid-type (MH) G-quadruplex DNA, has not been done. We considered all the possible binding sites in each of the G-quadruplex DNA structures and docked TMPyP4 to each one of them. The resultant most potent sites for binding were analyzed from the mean binding free energy of the complexes. Molecular dynamics simulations were then carried out, and analysis of the binding free energy of the TMPyP4-G-quadruplex complex showed that the binding of TMPyP4 with parallel propeller-type G-quadruplex DNA is preferred over the other two G-quadruplex DNA conformations. The results obtained from the change in solvent excluded surface area (SESA) and solvent accessible surface area (SASA) also support the more pronounced binding of the ligand with the parallel propeller-type G-quadruplex DNA.
Resumo:
Semiconductor nanocrystals (NCs) possess high photoluminescence (PL) typically in the solution phase. In contrary, PL rapidly quenches in the solid state. Efficient solid state luminescence can be achieved by inducing a large Stokes shift. Here we report on a novel synthesis of compositionally controlled CuCdS NCs in air avoiding the usual complexity of using inert atmosphere. These NCs show long-range color tunability over the entire visible range with a remarkable Stokes shift up to about 1.25eV. Overcoating the NCs leads to a high solid-state PL quantum yield (QY) of ca. 55% measured by using an integrating sphere. Unique charge carrier recombination mechanisms have been recognized from the NCs, which are correlated to the internal NC structure probed by using extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) spectroscopy. EXAFS measurements show a Cu-rich surface and Cd-rich interior with 46% Cu-I being randomly distributed within 84% of the NC volume creating additional transition states for PL. Color-tunable solid-state luminescence remains stable in air enabling fabrication of light-emitting diodes (LEDs).
Resumo:
Boswellia papyrifera and Boswellia carterii released from smoke contaminate indoor environment and consequently adversely affect humans as evidenced by respiratory disturbances. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of these plants on pathological and biochemical changes in vas deferens of albino rats. Animals were administered 4g/kg body weight B. papyrifera and B. carterii daily for 120days along with controls. Significant changes were observed in epithelial cell types and some cells showed signs of degeneration. The ultrastructural studies revealed marked changes in cytoplasmic organelles. Microvilli were missing and lysosomes were found in the cytoplasm. In addition, all treated groups plasma fructose and other biochemical parameters were decreased indicating reduced energy necessary for motility and contractility of spermatozoa. Many spermatozoa were disorganized and agglomerated. Data suggest that smoke from these plants adversely affects vas deferens.
Resumo:
This paper presents a comprehensive and robust strategy for the estimation of battery model parameters from noise corrupted data. The deficiencies of the existing methods for parameter estimation are studied and the proposed parameter estimation strategy improves on earlier methods by working optimally for low as well as high discharge currents, providing accurate estimates even under high levels of noise, and with a wide range of initial values. Testing on different data sets confirms the performance of the proposed parameter estimation strategy.
Resumo:
We study a hyperbolic problem in the framework of periodic homogenization assuming a high contrast between the diffusivity coefficients of the two components M-epsilon and B-epsilon of the heterogeneous medium. There are three regimes depending on the ratio between the size of the period and the amplitude a, of the diffusivity in B-epsilon. For the critical regime alpha(epsilon) similar or equal to epsilon, the limit problem is a strongly coupled system involving both the macroscopic and the microscopic variables. We also include the results in the non critical case.
Resumo:
We study a hyperbolic problem in the framework of periodic homogenization assuming a high contrast between the diffusivity coefficients of the two components M-epsilon and B-epsilon of the heterogeneous medium. There are three regimes depending on the ratio between the size of the period and the amplitude a, of the diffusivity in B-epsilon. For the critical regime alpha(epsilon) similar or equal to epsilon, the limit problem is a strongly coupled system involving both the macroscopic and the microscopic variables. We also include the results in the non critical case.
Resumo:
Chromatin acetylation is attributed with distinct functional relevance with respect to gene expression in normal and diseased conditions thereby leading to a topical interest in the concept of epigenetic modulators and therapy. We report here the identification and characterization of the acetylation inhibitory potential of an important dietary flavonoid, luteolin. Luteolin was found to inhibit p300 acetyltransferase with competitive binding to the acetyl CoA binding site. Luteolin treatment in a xenografted tumor model of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), led to a dramatic reduction in tumor growth within 4 weeks corresponding to a decrease in histone acetylation. Cells treated with luteolin exhibit cell cycle arrest and decreased cell migration. Luteolin treatment led to an alteration in gene expression and miRNA profile including up-regulation of p53 induced miR-195/215, let7C; potentially translating into a tumor suppressor function. It also led to down regulation of oncomiRNAs such as miR-135a, thereby reflecting global changes in the microRNA network. Furthermore, a direct correlation between the inhibition of histone acetylation and gene expression was established using chromatin immunoprecipitation on promoters of differentially expressed genes. A network of dysregulated genes and miRNAs was mapped along with the gene ontology categories, and the effects of luteolin were observed to be potentially at multiple levels: at the level of gene expression, miRNA expression and miRNA processing.
Resumo:
Ante la falta de información acerca de la frecuencia, diagnóstico, tratamiento y primeros auxilios de la mascota canina politraumatizada en nuestro país, y la falta de medios para la praxis ortopédica, se propuso este estudio de tesis; cuyo titulo es: Determinación de frecuencia de politraumatismo óseo con diagnostico radiológico en mascotas caninas en el Hospital Animal El Dorado. Para lo cual se procedió a establecer los siguientes objetivos: la evaluación de la frecuencia de politraumatismos óseos (PTO) atendidos en la clínica veterinaria El Dorado con diagnostico radiológico, para esto se realizó dicho estudio en un periodo de 3 meses, en el cual se estudiaron expedientes y recopilación de datos, con este estudio de tesis se logró comprobar que la mayor afectación por fracturas la sufren los canes de raza criolla, seguidos por los Pastores Alemanes, así mismo se determinó que el manejo de las mascotas es determinante y predisponente a que una mascota sufra una fractura. Se identificó que los animales menores de 2 años sufren mayormente fracturas. Se concluyó que debido a los altos costos de la praxis, muchos veterinarios no atienden a sus pacientes y también debido a la misma razón muchos dueños de mascotas optan por la eutanasia o simplemente dejan que el tiempo repare las fracturas. Este estudio pretende ser una herramienta que permita al estudiante de Medicina Veterinaria tener un mayor entendimiento acerca de los politraumatismos. Para el profesional una referencia. Se concluyó que la raza y edad de las mascotas, así mismo, como la época del año (invierno) son factores determinantes en el surgimiento de Politraumatismo óseo, los cuales se localizan con mayor frecuencia en mascotas a nivel cubito/radio, fémur, tibia y peroné, la terapia mayormente utilizada fue la conservadora mediante el uso de férulas seguida de la quirúrgica con el uso de cerclaje.
Resumo:
El presente trabajo se planificó con la finalidad de determinar el periodo crítico de competencia de malezas sobre el rendimiento del cultivo del maní (Arachis hypogaea L.) variedad Georgia Runner, para lo cual se incluyeron tratamientos enmalezados y limpios (hasta los 15, 30, 45, 60, 75 y 100 días después de la siembra) bajo las condiciones ecológicas de la finca La Concepción, Nagarote León. El ensayo se estableció en la siembra de postrera de 1999, utilizándose un diseño de bloques completos al azar con cuatro repeticiones. El resultado estadístico realizado a la variable de rendimiento mostró diferencias significativas entre los tratamientos evaluados, alcanzándose el mayor rendimiento con el tratamientos 12 (limpio hasta los 100 dds) con 2 281.3 kg/ha y sin diferencias significativas con el tratamiento 10 (limpio hasta los 60 dds) con 2 262.5 kg/ha y el tratamiento 11 (limpio hasta los 75 dds) con 2 275 kg/ha y los rendimientos más bajos se alcanzaron en el T6 (enmalezado hasta los lOO dds) con 562.5 kg/ha y el tratamiento 7 (limpio hasta los 15 días) con 600 kg/ha. Así mismo, se llegó a la conclusión de que el período crítico de competencia de maleza para el cultivo del maní se inicia a partir de los 15 y termina hasta los 60 días después de la siembra.
Resumo:
Contenido: La verdad (IV). El significado y la trascendencia de la verdad para el perfeccionamiento humano / Octavio N. Derisi -- El entender como perfección : la operación inmanente / J. L. González Alió -- Conocimiento y causalidad / Mario E. Sacchi -- Notas y comentarios -- Bibliografía
Resumo:
Un estudio de nueve genotipos avanzados de arroz y un testigo comercial, se realizó en el Centro Experimental de Arroz del INTA, en El Horno, con el objetivo de evaluar genotipos con mayor potencial de rendimiento y excelentes características agronómicas. El diseño experimental fue un BCA con cuatro repeticiones. Los datos obtenidos se analizaron con ANDEVA y prueba de rangos múltiples de Tuckey (p ≤ 0.05). No hubo diferencias significativas para floración, habilidad de macollamiento, número de granos por panícula, fertilidad de espiguilla, peso de 1000 granos y altura de plantas. Hubo diferencias significativas en longitud de panículas y rendimiento de grano en granza. La línea CT-15679-17-1-2-2-3-M fue estadísticamente superior y POB-13 inferior en longitud de panículas. En rendimiento de grano en granza, POB-13 obtuvo el mayor y POB-1-38 el menor promedio. INTA DORADA obtuvo el mayor y CT-15679-17-1-2-2-3-M el menor porcentaje en rendimiento de masa blanca. POB-34, CT-9980-24-3-6-CA-1-M y POBL-1-11 obtuvieron la mayor relación ente ro/quebrado; CT-15679-17-7-3-1-M presentó la menor relación. En general, las enfermedades evaluadas no mostraron relevancia en su grado de afectación.
Resumo:
El presente trabajo se realizó en las parcelas de muestreo permanente establecidas en 1989, en el refugio de vida silvestre Chococente por la Escuela de Ciencias Forestales de la Universidad Nacional Agraria. El objetivo principal del estudio fue evaluar la dinámica de crecímiento del Cortes (Tabebuia ochracaea neocrysantha) y Laurel (Cordia Alliodora) entre 1994 y el año 2000 (intervalo de seis años). Cuatro parcelas permanentes de muestreos fueron re inventariadas, dos parcelas en el Bosque Seco Caducífolio y dos parcelas en el Bosque de Galería. Cada parcela de muestreo se divide en 25 cuadriculas para el muestreo de la vegetación con diámetro a la altura del pecho mayor o igual a·¡ O centímetros. Se logró determinar que tanto la disminución de la abundancia como del área basal están directamente relacionadas a un incremento de la mortalidad en el periodo de los 6 años; sin embargo para ambas especies el reclutamiento balanceó casi en igual cantidad a la mortalidad. El incremento periódico anual (IPA) demostró alta varia~ bilidad entre las especies, aunque también mostraron consi· derable potencialidad de manejo. Para el área de estudio se determinó que las causas principales de mortalidad son las actividades cotidianas que la pob1ación de Chococente realiza, lo que a largo plazo disminuye la capacidad de recuperación del bosque.
Resumo:
Este estudio fue realizado en la estantería principal la compañía ubicada en el municipio de San Marcos; Carazo, durante el ciclo de primera de 1989 con el propósito de determinar el efecto del control de malezas y distancias de siembra sobre la cenosis de las malezas y el crecimiento y rendimiento del frijol común (Phaseolus vulgaria L.) variedad Revolución 81. Los factores estudiados fueron: control de Malezas (manual, Qu8imico, periodo crítico y todo el tiempo enmalezado); distancias de siembra (0.20, 0.40, y 0.60metros). Los resultados obtenidos muestran que al momento de la cosecha, con los controles manual, químico y en periodo crítico se obtuvo el mayor número de plantas, las que a su vez presentaron mayor altura a la primera vaina: El control manual en conjunto con el control químico a espaciamientos de siembra pequeños presentará el mayor número de vainas por planta, peso de paja y los mayores rendimientos.