Compactação do solo no desenvolvimento radicular e na produtividade da soja

Em solos compactados ocorrem mudanças na distribuição do sistema radicular das plantas em profundidade. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito da compactação do solo no desenvolvimento radicular e na produtividade da soja em Latossolo Vermelho de textura média. Os tratamentos constituíram-se de 0, 1, 2, 4 e 6 passadas de um trator, lado a lado, sobre a superfície do solo. O delineamento experimental usado foi o inteiramente casualizado, com quatro repetições. Em dezembro de 2002, foi semeada soja (Glycine max cv. Embrapa 48) e, após a semeadura, foram coletadas amostras de solo nas camadas de 0,02-0,05, 0,07-0,10 e 0,15-0,18 m, para determinações físicas. No estádio R6 foram coletadas amostras de 0,10 m no sentido da linha x 0,20 m no sentido da entrelinha, nas camadas de 0,0-0,05, 0,05-0,10, 0,10-0,15 e 0,15-0,20 m, e na maturação das plantas foi avaliada a produtividade de grãos de soja em parcelas de 3,6 m². O aumento da compactação elevou a densidade radicular e a massa de matéria seca das raízes, na camada de 0,0-0,05 m, e causou decréscimo linear nas camadas mais compactadas de 0,05-0,10 e 0,10-0,15 m. A partir do decréscimo de 18% da densidade radicular, na resistência do solo à penetração de 0,85 MPa, na camada de 0,05-0,15 m, ocorreu redução na produtividade de grãos da soja. A compactação do solo promoveu modificações na distribuição do sistema radicular de soja.

Epidemiology of Masked and White-Coat Hypertension: The Family-Based SKIPOGH Study.

OBJECTIVE: We investigated factors associated with masked and white-coat hypertension in a Swiss population-based sample. METHODS: The Swiss Kidney Project on Genes in Hypertension is a family-based cross-sectional study. Office and 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure were measured using validated devices. Masked hypertension was defined as office blood pressure<140/90 mmHg and daytime ambulatory blood pressure≥135/85 mmHg. White-coat hypertension was defined as office blood pressure≥140/90 mmHg and daytime ambulatory blood pressure<135/85 mmHg. Mixed-effect logistic regression was used to examine the relationship of masked and white-coat hypertension with associated factors, while taking familial correlations into account. High-normal office blood pressure was defined as systolic/diastolic blood pressure within the 130-139/85-89 mmHg range. RESULTS: Among the 652 participants included in this analysis, 51% were female. Mean age (±SD) was 48 (±18) years. The proportion of participants with masked and white coat hypertension was respectively 15.8% and 2.6%. Masked hypertension was associated with age (odds ratio (OR) = 1.02, p = 0.012), high-normal office blood pressure (OR = 6.68, p<0.001), and obesity (OR = 3.63, p = 0.001). White-coat hypertension was significantly associated with age (OR = 1.07, p<0.001) but not with education, family history of hypertension, or physical activity. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that physicians should consider ambulatory blood pressure monitoring for older individuals with high-normal office blood pressure and/or who are obese.

Produção de mudas de maracujazeiro-doce micorrizadas em solo desinfestado e adubado com fósforo

O objetivo deste trabalho foi selecionar doses de P e fungos micorrízicos arbusculares (FMA) eficientes na promoção do crescimento de mudas de maracujazeiro-doce. O experimento foi realizado em casa de vegetação, com delineamento inteiramente casualizado, em fatorial 2x4x4: duas condições de solo (desinfestado ou não), quatro tratamentos de inoculação (sem inoculação e com inoculação de Gigaspora albida, Scutellospora heterogama e de FMA nativos da rizosfera de maracujazeiro-doce) e quatro doses de P disponível (Mehlich-1) (8 - solo natural -, 12, 16 e 20 mg dm-3), com quatro repetições. Os FMA nativos proporcionaram benefícios no crescimento das mudas a partir de 30 dias após a inoculação, enquanto os demais FMA incrementaram o desenvolvimento do hospedeiro após 45 dias. Modelos quadráticos indicaram valores máximos de altura de mudas em solo desinfestado, com dose de P entre 15,40 e 16,07 mg dm-3 e em solo não desinfestado, com dose de P entre 14,85 e 15,60 mg dm-3 nos tratamentos com S. heterogama e G. albida, respectivamente. Maiores densidades de esporos e colonização micorrízica foram observadas nos tratamentos com esses fungos, em comparação com os FMA nativos. Mudas de maracujazeiro-doce podem ser beneficiadas pela micorrização com FMA, reduzindo o tempo de sua produção.

Jyväskyläläisten 80- ja 85-vuotiaiden kokema yksinäisyys, yksinäisyyteen yhteydessä olevat ja yksinäisyyttä ennustavat tekijät 5-vuotisseuruun aikana

Abstract: Factors related to and predictors of loneliness among 80- and 85-year residents of Jyväskylä during 5-year follow-up

Boone County, Township 85 North Range 25 West

Des Moines River Plat Maps.

Boone County, Township 85 North Range 26 West

Des Moines River Plat Maps.

Boone County, Township 85 North Range 27 West

Des Moines River Plat Maps.

Boone County, Township 85 North Range 28 West

Des Moines River Plat Maps.

Thrombin-receptor antagonist vorapaxar in acute coronary syndromes

Background: Vorapaxar is a new oral protease-activatedreceptor 1 (PAR-1) antagonist that inhibits thrombin-induced platelet activation. Methods: In this multinational, double-blind, randomized trial, we compared vorapaxar with placebo in 12,944 patients who had acute coronary syndromes without ST-segment elevation. The primary end point was a composite of death from cardiovascular causes, myocardial infarction, stroke, recurrent ischemia with rehospitalization, or urgent coronary revascularization. RESULTS: Follow-up in the trial was terminated early after a safety review. After a median follow-up of 502 days (interquartile range, 349 to 667), the primary end point occurred in 1031 of 6473 patients receiving vorapaxar versus 1102 of 6471 patients receiving placebo (KaplanMeier 2-year rate, 18.5% vs. 19.9%; hazard ratio, 0.92; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.85 to 1.01; P = 0.07). A composite of death from cardiovascular causes, myocardial infarction, or stroke occurred in 822 patients in the vorapaxar group versus 910 in the placebo group (14.7% and 16.4%, respectively; hazard ratio, 0.89; 95% CI, 0.81 to 0.98; P = 0.02). Rates of moderate and severe bleeding were 7.2% in the vorapaxar group and 5.2% in the placebo group (hazard ratio, 1.35; 95% CI, 1.16 to 1.58; P<0.001). Intracranial hemorrhage rates were 1.1% and 0.2%, respectively (hazard ratio, 3.39; 95% CI, 1.78 to 6.45; P<0.001). Rates of nonhemorrhagic adverse events were similar in the two groups. Conclusions: In patients with acute coronary syndromes, the addition of vorapaxar to standard therapy did not significantly reduce the primary composite end point but significantly increased the risk of major bleeding, including intracranial hemorrhage. (Funded by Merck; TRACER ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00527943.)

Demonstration Project 85, Video Imagery Systems for Highway Applications, HR-1047, 1990

The report describes the state of the art video equipment used and experiences gained from the 6,800 mile field test. The first objective of this project was to determine if laser disc equipment could capture and store usable roadway images while operating in a mobile environment. The second objective was to evaluate methods of using optical disc storage and retrieval features to enhance highway planning and design function. Several highway departments have attempted to use video technology to replace the traditional 16 and 35 mm film format used in photologging. These attempts have met with limited success because of the distortion caused by video technology not being capable of dealing with highway speeds. The distortion has caused many highway signs to be unreadable and, therefore, clients have labeled the technology unusable. Two methods of using optical laser disc storage and retrieval have been successfully demonstrated by Wisconsin and Connecticut Departments of Transportation. Each method provides instantaneous retrieval and linking of images with other information. However, both methods gather the images using 35 mm film techniques. The 35 mm film image is then transferred to laser disc. Eliminating the film conversion to laser disc has potential for saving $4 to $5 per logging mile. In addition to a cost savings, the image would be available immediately as opposed to delays caused by film developing and transferring to laser disc. In June and November of 1986 Iowa DOT staff and cooperating equipment suppliers demonstrated the concept of direct image capture. The results from these tests were promising and an FHWA Demonstration program established. Since 1986 technology advancements have been incorporated into the design that further improve the image quality originally demonstrated.

Crushed Stone Granular Surfacing Materials, HR-2046 and MLR-90-07, 1990

This project included the following tasks: (1) Preparation of a questionnaire and survey of all 99 Iowa county engineers for input on current surfacing material practice; (2) County survey data analysis and selection of surfacing materials gradations to be used for test road construction; (3) Solicitation of county engineers and stone producers for project participation; (4) Field inspection and selection of the test road; (5) Construction of test road using varying material gradations from a single source; and (6) Field and laboratory testing and test road monitoring. The results of this research project indicate that crushed stone surfacing material graded on the fine side of Iowa Department of Transportation Class A surfacing specifications provides lower roughness and better rideability; better braking and handling characteristics; and less dust generation than the coarser gradations. It is believed that this material has sufficient fines available to act as a binder for the coarser material, which in turn promotes the formation of tight surface crust. This crust acts to provide a smooth riding surface, reduces dust generation, and improves vehicle braking and handling characteristics.

Evaluation of Additives for Extruded Asphalt Curbs, MLR-85-06, 1985

This study investigates the properties imparted to extruded asphalt curb mixes by five different additives. The AC used in these mixes was also tested with various amounts of the additives. All of the additives stiffened the AC as indicated by a reduction of penetration and increased viscosity. Only the powdered asphalts, gilsonite and Witcurb improved the Marshall stability and the indirect tensil strength enough to justify their use in curb mixes.

Length Change of P. C. Concrete Due to Moisture Content, MLR-85-09, 1987

Portland cement concrete is an outstanding structural material but stresses and cracks often occur in large structures due to drying shrinkage. The objective of this research was to determine the change in length due to loss of moisture from placement through complete drying of portland cement concrete. The drying shrinkage was determined for four different combinations of Iowa DOT structural concrete mix proportions and materials. The two mix proportions used were an Iowa DOT D57 (bridge deck mix proportions) and a water reduced modified C4 mix. Three 4"x 4"x 18" beams were made for each mix. After moist curing for three days, all beams were maintained in laboratory dry air and the length and weight were measured at 73°F ± 3°F. The temperature was cycled on alternate days from 73°F to 90°F through four months. From four months through six months, the temperature was cycled one day at 73°F and six days at 130°F. It took approximately six months for the concrete to reach a dry condition with these temperatures. The total drying shrinkage for the four mixes varied from .0106 in. to .0133 in. with an average of .0120 in. The rate of shrinkage was approximately .014% shrinkage per 1% moisture loss for all four mixes. The rate and total shrinkage for all four mixes was very similar and did not seem to depend on the type of coarse aggregate or the use of a retarder.