Association between tumoral GH-releasing peptide receptor type 1a mRNA expression and in vivo response to GH-releasing peptide-6 in ACTH-dependent Cushing`s syndrome patients

Objective: GH secretagogues (GHS) produce exaggerated ACTH and cortisol responses in Cushing`s disease (CD) patients, attributable to their direct action on GH-releasing peptide receptor type la (GHSR-1a). However, there are no studies correlating the ill vivo response to GHS and GHSR-1a mRNA expression in ACTH-dependent Cushing`s syndrome (CS) patients. The aim of this study is to correlate the patterns of ACTH and cortisol response to GH-releasing peptide-6 (GHRP-6) to GHSR-1a expression in ACTH-dependent CS patients Design: Prospective study in a tertiary referral hospital center. Fifteen CD patients and two ectopic ACTH syndrome (EAS) patients were studied. Methods: Tumor fragments were submitted to RNA extraction, and GHSR-1a expression was studied through real-time qPCR and compared with normal tissue samples. The patients were also submitted to desmopressin test and vasopressin receptor type 1B (AVPR1B) mRNA analysis by qPCR. Results: GHSR-1a expression was similar in normal pituitary samples and in corticotrophic tumor samples. GHSR-1a expression was higher in patients (CD and EAS) presenting ill vivo response to GHRP-6. Higher expression of AVPR1B was observed in the EAS patients responsive to desmopressin, as well as in corticotrophic tumors, as compared with normal pituitary samples, but no correlation between AVPR1B expression and response to desmopressin was observed in the CD patients. Conclusions: Our results revealed a higher expression of GHSR-1a in the ACTH-dependent CS patients responsive to GHRP-6, suggesting an association between receptor gene expression and ill vivo response to the secretagogue in both the CD and the EAS patients.

Comparison of reading performance after bilateral implantation of multifocal intraocular lenses with+3.00 or+4.00 diopter addition

PURPOSE To compare reading ability after cataract surgery and bilateral implantation of multifocal intraocular lenses (IOLs) with a +3 00 diopter (D) addition (add) or a +4 00 D add SETTING Department of Ophthalmology, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil DESIGN Prospective comparative study METHODS Patients scheduled for cataract surgery were randomly assigned to bilateral implantation of an aspheric AcrySof ReSTOR multifocal IOL with a +3 00 diopter (D) addition (add) or a +4 00 D add The reading speed, critical print size, and reading acuity were measured binocularly with best correction using MNREAD acuity charts 6 months after surgery Patients were tested with the chart at the best patient-preferred reading distance and at 40 cm Binocular uncorrected and best distance-corrected visual acuities at far and near were also measured RESULTS The study enrolled 32 patients At the best reading distance the results were similar between the 2 IOL groups in all reading parameters When tested at 40 cm, reading speed at all print sizes from 03 to 00 (all P< 001), critical print size (P< 001) and reading acuity (P = 014) were statistically significantly better in the +3 00 D IOL group than in the +4 00 DIOL group Uncorrected and corrected visual acuities at far and near were similar between the 2 groups CONCLUSION Although the 2 IOL groups had similar performance in reading parameters, patients had to adjust to their best reading distance The +3 00 D IOL performed better than the +4 00 D IOL at 40 cm

Acute increase in urinary 6-sulfatoximelatonin after clomipramine, as a predictive measure for emotional improvement

Nocturnal melatonin pineal output is triggered by sympathetic outflow. Antidepressants that block norepinephrine neuronal uptake should increase pineal function. This can be monitored by measuring 6-sulfatoximelatonin (aMT6s), the main melatonin metabolite, in the urine. In this study, we compared the excretion of aMT6s before (baseline), one, and 21 days after administration of clomipramine to healthy subjects (n = 32). At the end of treatment, subjects were divided into responders (n = 12) and non-responders (n = 20) according to the improvement in their emotional state in three out of four domains (interpersonal tolerance, efficiency, well-being and feeling different from the usual self). There was no difference in aMT6s before clomipramine between responders and non-responders in any of the time intervals analysed (06:00-12:00, 12:00-18:00, 18:00-24:00 and 24:00-06:00 hours). At day one, but not at day 21, the fraction of aMT6s excreted during the time interval 24:00-06:00, relative to the total amount excreted by each subject per day, was significantly higher (P = 0.0287) than baseline (0.57 +/- 0.04) in responders. No significant difference was observed in non-responders. The increase in pineal function induced by clomipramine was restricted to day one, indicating that long-lasting adaptation restores pineal function. In addition, the day one increase in aMT6s was significantly increased only in the responders group, raising the possibility that the blocking of neuronal uptake is predictive of emotional improvement.

Analysis of enamel microbiopsies in shed primary teeth by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Polarizing Microscopy (PM)

The aims of this study were 1) to verify how close to the theoretically presumed areas are the areas of enamel microbiopsies carried out in vivo or in exfoliated teeth; 2) to test whether the etching solution penetrates beyond the tape borders: 3) to test whether the etching solution demineralizes the enamel in depth. 24 shed upper primary central incisors were randomly divided into two groups: the Rehydrated Teeth Group and the Dry Teeth Group. An enamel microbiopsy was performed, and the enamel microbiopsies were then analyzed by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEMI) and Polarizing Microscopy (PM). Quantitative birefringence measurements were performed. The ""true"" etched area was determined by measuring the etched enamel using the NIH Image analysis program. Enamel birefringence was compared using the paired t test. There was a statistically significant difference when the etched areas in the Rehydrated teeth were compared with those of the Dry teeth (p = 0.04). The etched areas varied from -11.6% to 73.5% of the presumed area in the Rehydrated teeth, and from 6.6% to 61.3% in the Dry teeth. The mean percentage of variation in each group could be used as a correction factor for the etched area. Analysis of PM pictures shows no evidence of in-depth enamel demineralization by the etching solution. No statistically significant differences in enamel birefringence were observed between values underneath and outside the microbiopsy area in the same tooth, showing that no mineral loss occurred below the enamel superficial layer. Our data showed no evidence of in-depth enamel demineralization by the etching solution used in the enamel microbiopsy proposed for primary enamel. This study also showed a variation in the measured diameter of the enamel microbiopsy in nineteen teeth out of twenty four, indicating that in most cases the etching solution penetrated beyond the tape borders. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Isomers of 1,4,8,11-tetraazacyclotetradecane-6,13-dicarboxylate characterized as cobalt(III) complexes

The major trans (1) and minor cis (2) isomers of 1,4,8,11-tetraazacyclotetradecane-6,13-dicarboxylate have been characterized as the complexes [Co(1)](ClO4) and [Co(H-2)(OH2)]Cl(ClO4).H2O. The former crystallized in the C-2/c space group and the latter in the P2(1)/c space group, with cell parameters a 16.258(7), b 9.050(3), c 15.413(6) Angstrom, beta133.29(3)degrees, and a 9.694(4), b 16.135(1), c 12.973(5) Angstrom, beta 93.00(2)degrees, respectively. Their characterization completes identification of the respective trans and cis isomers for the series of C-pendant macrocycles also including 1,4,8,11-tetraazacyclotetradecane-6-amine-13-carboxylate ((3), (4)) and 1,4,8,11-tetraazacyclotetradecane-6,13-diamine ((5), (6)). The complexes show limited distortion from octahedral geometry with the strain in the presence of the coordinated C-pendant carboxylate significantly reduced compared with that for the C-pendant amine in analogues, a consequence mainly of six-membered as opposed to five-membered chelate rings involving the pendant donor. A comparison of the physical properties for the trans isomers of the octahedral complexes of (1), (3), and (5), which reflect progressively increasing strain, is presented.

KrP laser CVD of chromium oxide by photodissociation of Cr(CO)(6)

This work reports on the synthesis of chromium oxide thin films prepared by photodissociation of Cr(CO)(6) in an oxidizing atmosphere, using a pulsed UV laser (KrF, lambda = 248 nm). The experimental conditions, which should enable the synthesis of CrO2, are discussed and results on the deposition of CrxOy films on Al2O3 (0001) substrates are presented.

Predicted VO2 on 6 minutes walk test for FAP liver transplanted patients

Physical function is limited post-liver transplantation and exercise training can improve exercise capacity following transplantation but previously assessment of functional capacity is necessary. The 6 minute walk test (6MWT) is routinely used for studying patient’s exercise capacity and is less expensive and time consuming than a Cardiopulmonary Exercise Test (CPXT). There have been some studies looking at the relationship between 6MWT and peak VO2 in patients but few presented an adequate equation for predicted peak VO2 from 6MWT to transplanted patients and none for Familial Amyloidotic Polyneuropathy (FAP) liver transplanted patients (FAPTx). The aim of this study was to compare the validity of 6 equations as predictors of VO2 from the 6MWT and compare it with directly measured VO2 in patients FAPTx.

The D1822V APC polymorphism interacts with fat, calcium, and fiber intakes in modulating the risk of colorectal cancer in Portuguese persons

Background - Both genetic and environmental factors affect the risk of colorectal cancer (CRC). Objective - We aimed to examine the interaction between the D1822V polymorphism of the APC gene and dietary intake in persons with CRC. Design - Persons with CRC (n = 196) and 200 healthy volunteers, matched for age and sex in a case-control study, were evaluated with respect to nutritional status and lifestyle factors and for the D1822V polymorphism. Results - No significant differences were observed in energy and macronutrient intakes. Cases had significantly (P < 0.05) lower intakes of carotenes, vitamins C and E, folate, and calcium than did controls. Fiber intake was significantly (P = 0.004) lower in cases than in controls, whereas alcohol consumption was associated with a 2-fold risk of CRC. In addition, cases were significantly (P = 0.001) more likely than were controls to be sedentary. The homozygous variant for the APC gene (VV) was found in 4.6% of cases and in 3.5% of controls. Examination of the potential interactions between diet and genotype found that a high cholesterol intake was associated with a greater risk of colorectal cancer only in noncarriers (DD) of the D1822V APC allele (odds ratio: 1.66; 95% CI: 1.00, 2.76). In contrast, high fiber and calcium intakes were more markedly associated with a lower risk of CRC in patients carrying the polymorphic allele (DV/VV) (odds ratio: 0.50; 95% CI: 0.27, 0.94 for fiber; odds ratio: 0.51; 95% CI: 0.28, 0.93 for calcium) than in those without that allele. Conclusion - These results suggest a significant interaction between the D1822V polymorphism and the dietary intakes of cholesterol, calcium, and fiber for CRC risk.

Factores de prognóstico do resultado do tratamento de doentes com Síndrome de dependência do Álcool: estudo de coorte prospectivo de 6 meses

Factores de prognóstico do resultado do tratamento de doentes com Síndrome de Dependência do Álcool: estudo coorte prospectivo de 6 meses Introdução: Uma das questões fundamentais para as políticas de saúde relacionadas com o tratamento e reabilitação de doentes com dependência de álcool, é identificar factores de prognóstico num curto prazo de tratamento ambulatório, de modo a se poderem optimizar as decisões de tratamento dos doentes. Assim, este estudo teve como objectivo identificar factores de prognóstico na admissão ao tratamento e factores de prognóstico durante o período de tratamento ambulatório. Materiais e métodos: Estudo observacional coorte de doentes com dependência de álcool observados num período de 6 meses de tratamento ambulatório. O estudo consistiu numa amostra de 209 doentes incluídos no estudo de acordo com os critérios do Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders versão IV, tendo sido recolhida no Centro de Alcoologia do Sul (n=194) e no Hospital Nossa Senhora do Rosário (n=15). 8 médicos psiquiatras destes dois centros de tratamento foram responsáveis pelo tratamento dos doentes. O doente ter um co-responsável que acompanhasse a sua reabilitação e fizesse a supervisão da medicação para controlo do consumo de álcool era condição absolutamente necessária para inclusão do doente no estudo. Como factores de prognóstico foram medidos na admissão ao tratamento factores sócio demográficos, a história de uso de outras substâncias e indicadores de gravidade associados à história de consumo excessivo de álcool. Durante os 6 meses de tratamento foram medidos factores de prognóstico que respeitam os fármacos para controlo do consumo incluindo Dissulfiram e Acamprosato, os factores associados aos aspectos não farmacológicos do tratamento incluindo o número de consultas, os factores associados às características do médico e finalmente os fármacos para tratamento de depressão e ansiedade. As variáveis de resultado medidas no estudo envolveram o tempo até à primeira recaída pesada (variável de interesse primário para o estudo), a abstinência de consumo pesado, a abstinência de qualquer quantidade de álcool, o tempo cumulativo de abstinência acima da média dos doentes, o tempo máximo de recaída superior a 1 dia e o doente ter pelo menos um problema relacionado com o álcool aos 6 meses. Todas as variáveis resultado foram medidas através do calendário auto-reportado pelos doentes e seus co-responsáveis no que respeita os consumos diários Timeline Followback, à excepção da variável ter pelo menos 1 problema relacionado com o álcool aos 6 meses em que foi aplicado o instrumento Alcohol Related Problems Questionnaire. Foi estabelecido uma unidade padrão de consumo de álcool como uma garrafa de cerveja, um copo de vinho ou um cálice de bebida fortificada ou destilada que teriam aproximadamente 10 gramas de álcool, sendo considerado um consumo excessivo pesado de pelo menos 5 destas unidades padrão num dia típico de consumo, ou seja, pelo menos 50 gramas de álcool. Os dados recolhidos e validados foram analisados em Statistical Package for Social Sciences, tendo-se utilizado usuais métodos de estatística descritiva envolvendo tabulação de frequências e tabulação de medidas de tendência central e dispersão. Foram utilizados na análise bivariável entre os factores de prognóstico e as variáveis resultado o teste do Qui quadrado ou exacto de Fisher, o teste de Mann Whitney, o teste Kruskal Wallis, o coeficiente de correlação de Spearman e o coeficiente de concordância Kappa de Cohen. Foi ainda utilizado na análise bivariável a análise de sobrevivência de Kaplan Meier com teste log rank e a análise da área sob a curva ROC. Na análise multivariável foi utilizado a análise de regressão de Cox múltipla com razão de riscos medida pelo Hazard Ratio (HR) e a análise de regressão logística múltipla com razão de riscos medida pelo odds ratio (OR). O nível de significância foi estabelecido em 5%. Resultados: Dos doentes admitidos a tratamento, 84% eram homens, a idade mediana era 41 anos, o consumo mediano de álcool era 192 gramas/dia e a duração mediana de consumo excessivo pesado era 13 anos. Os anos completos de escolaridade em tendência situaram-se abaixo do 9º ano de escolaridade com uma mediana de 6 anos. 61% dos doentes pertenciam a classes sociais média/baixa e baixa. A taxa de Kaplan Meier de recaída em consumo pesado foi de 23% sendo a taxa de recaída em qualquer quantidade de álcool de 54%. O tempo médio cumulativo de abstinência foi 131 dias. Relativamente aos factores de prognóstico que se revelaram estatisticamente significativos após análise de regressão múltipla foram; na admissão ao tratamento, o sexo feminino associado a pior prognóstico de tempo máximo de recaída superior a 1 dia (OR=4,55; p<0,05), o nível sócio económico de graffar médio baixo e baixo associado a piores prognósticos relativamente à abstinência de consumo pesado (OR=0,32; p<0,05), abstinência de qualquer quantidade (OR=0,41; p<0,05) e tempo cumulativo de abstinência acima da média (OR=0,05; p<0,01), a situação profissional de emprego a tempo inteiro e vínculo associado a melhor prognóstico relativamente a menos problemas ligados ao álcool aos 6 meses (OR=0,37; p<0,05), a história de uso de cocaína associado a pior prognóstico relativamente à abstinência de consumo pesado (OR=0,11; 6 p<0,01) e abstinência de qualquer quantidade (OR=0,05; p<0,001), ter mais de 20 anos de consumo excessivo pesado associado a pior prognóstico relativamente à abstinência de qualquer quantidade (OR=0,20; p<0,05), tempo cumulativo de abstinência acima da média (OR=0,05; p<0,05), tempo máximo de recaída superior a 1 dia (OR=8,36; p<0,01) e ter pelo menos 1 problema ligado ao álcool aos 6 meses (OR=7,32; p<0,01), entrar em tratamento com menos tempo de abstinência, digamos até 7 dias sem beber, revelou-se associado a melhor prognóstico nomeadamente no tempo até à primeira recaída em consumo pesado (HR=0,32; p<0,05), mais gravidade da história de consumo indicada pelo doente consumir álcool de manhã e/ou antes do almoço revelou-se associado a melhor prognóstico, nomeadamente na abstinência de qualquer quantidade de álcool (OR=3,01; p<0,05), os doentes com valor de avaliação hepática GGT aumentada face ao limite normal revelaram pior prognóstico ao nível do tempo até à primeira recaída em consumo pesado (HR=2,48; p<0,05), os doentes com pelo menos 5 dos 11 problemas ligados ao álcool questionados no Alcohol Related Problems Questionnaire na admissão, revelaram pior prognóstico nomeadamente no tempo cumulativo de abstinência acima da média dos doentes (OR=0,04; p<0,01). Durante os 6 meses de tratamento, os factores de prognóstico que se revelaram estatisticamente significativos após análise de regressão múltipla foram; a toma de Dissulfiram por um período de pelo menos 120 dias, que se revelou associado a melhor prognóstico relativamente ao tempo cumulativo de abstinência acima da média dos doentes (OR=18,88; p<0,01) e o doente ter pelo menos 1 problema ligado ao álcool aos 6 meses (OR=0,16; p<0,001), o doente ter tomado Dissulfiram por um período inferior a 120 dias, que se revelou associado a pior prognóstico em todas as variáveis de resultado, ou sejam, o tempo até à primeira recaída em consumo pesado (HR=15,00; p<0,001), a abstinência de consumo pesado (OR=0,062; p<0,001), a abstinência de qualquer quantidade (OR=0,05; p<0,001), o tempo cumulativo de abstinência acima da média dos doentes (OR=0,08; p<0,05), o tempo máximo de recaída superior a 1 dia (OR=15,60; p<0,01) e ter pelo menos 1 problema ligado ao álcool aos 6 meses (OR=5,25; p<0,05), os doentes com indicação para Acamprosato tiveram pior prognóstico ao nível do tempo até à primeira recaída em consumo pesado (HR=2,60; p<0,05), os doentes que realizaram pelo menos 4 das 7 consultas previstas para os 6 meses tiveram melhor prognóstico relativamente à abstinência em consumo pesado (OR=9,10; p<0,001), abstinência de qualquer quantidade (OR=5,56; p<0,001), tempo cumulativo de abstinência acima da média (OR=177,50; p<0,001) e o doente ter pelo menos 1 problema ligado ao álcool aos 6 meses (OR=0,07; p<0,001), o doente ter pelo menos 2,5 de média nas fases da sua consulta (podendo variar as fases entre 1 e 4) têm melhor prognóstico ao nível do tempo até à primeira recaída em consumo pesado (HR=0,28; p<0,01), abstinência de consumo pesado (OR= 2,80; p<0,05), abstinência de qualquer quantidade (OR=3,24; p<0,05) e tempo máximo de recaída superior a 1 dia (OR=0,21; p<0,01), os doentes com indicação para ansiolíticos sejam eles Benzodiazepinas ou Buspirona tiveram pior prognóstico no tempo até à primeira recaída em consumo pesado (HR=2,12; p<0,05). Conclusões: em termos de políticas de saúde, este estudo permite concluir que durante o tratamento ambulatório devem ser valorizados o recurso farmacológico Dissulfiram com tempo de toma nunca inferior a 120 dias, a realização de um maior número de consultas previsto para o doente e a utilização de mais de duas fases nas consultas. Este estudo também revela que os prestadores de tratamento devem ter atenção aos doentes com indicação para a toma de ansiolíticos. Relativamente aos factores relevantes na admissão ao tratamento ambulatório, este estudo permite-nos concluir que deve haver maior preocupação dos prestadores de tratamento relativamente às mulheres alcoólicas, aos doentes com nível socioeconómico mais baixo e doentes sem emprego a tempo inteiro nem vínculo, pois são factores que se revelaram associados a pior prognóstico. Também, os prestadores de tratamento devem ter em especial atenção a história de consumo de outras substâncias, nomeadamente o consumo de cocaína, pois revelou-se associado a pior prognóstico. Em relação às variáveis da gravidade do consumo de álcool, os prestadores de tratamento devem tomar especial atenção que o prognóstico piora para os doentes que consomem álcool de modo excessivo pesado à mais de 20 anos, que tenham a avaliação laboratorial do GGT aumentada em relação ao normal e que revelem mais problemas ligados ao álcool no questionário Alcohol Related Problems Questionnaire. Este estudo também prova que se deve motivar o doente a iniciar o tratamento temporalmente o mais perto possível do início da abstinência. Mais concretamente, os doentes que iniciaram o tratamento até uma semana desde o início da abstinência tiveram melhor prognóstico. Curiosamente ainda uma informação útil para os prestadores de tratamento é que os doentes que consomem álcool pela manhã e/ou antes do almoço parecem estar mais motivados para recuperarem, tendo-se revelado um factor de bom prognóstico.

Clinical benefit of fulvestrant in postmenopausal women with advanced breast cancer and primary or acquired resistance to aromatase inhibitors: final results of phase II Swiss Group for Clinical Cancer Research Trial (SAKK 21/00).

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of fulvestrant, an estrogen receptor antagonist, in postmenopausal women with hormone-responsive tumors progressing after aromatase inhibitor (AI) treatment. PATIENTS AND METHODS: This is a phase II, open, multicenter, noncomparative study. Two patient groups were prospectively considered: group A (n=70) with AI-responsive disease and group B (n=20) with AI-resistant disease. Fulvestrant 250 mg was administered as intramuscular injection every 28 (+/-3) days. RESULTS: All patients were pretreated with AI and 84% also with tamoxifen or toremifene; 67% had bone metastases and 45% liver metastases. Fulvestrant administration was well tolerated and yielded a clinical benefit (CB; defined as objective response or stable disease [SD] for >or=24 weeks) in 28% (90% confidence interval [CI] 19% to 39%) of patients in group A and 37% (90% CI 19% to 58%) of patients in group B. Median time to progression (TTP) was 3.6 (95% CI 3.0 to 4.8) months in group A and 3.4 (95% CI 2.5 to 6.7) months in group B. CONCLUSIONS: Overall, 30% of patients who had progressed following prior AI treatment gained CB with fulvestrant, thereby delaying indication to start chemotherapy. Prior response to an AI did not appear to be predictive for benefit with fulvestrant.

Efectividad comparativa del seguimiento remoto a personas con marcapasos cardíacos frente al convencional: calidad de vida a los 6 meses.

BACKGROUND The use of remote follow-up (RF) of people with pacemakers (PM) is limited in comparison to the hospital modality (HS), being still poor the scientific evidence that shows their comparative effectiveness. The aim of this study was to compare the quality of life in individuals with different modalities of follow-up. METHODS Controlled, not randomized nor masked clinical trial, with data collection at pre and post-implantation of pacemakers during the 6 months follow-up. All patients over 18 years-old who were implanted a PM during the study period were selected (n = 83), and they were assigned to RF (n = 30) or HF (n = 53) groups according to their personal characteristics and patient's preferences. Baseline characteristics and number of visits to the hospital were analysed, the EuroQol-5D (EQ5D) questionnaire was administered to evaluate the health-related quality of life, and Duke Activity Status Index (DASI) to assess the functional capacity. RESULTS There were no significant differences between both groups in relation to the baseline analysis, EQ5D (RF:0.7299; HF:0.6769) and DASI (RF:21.41; HF:19.99). At 6 months the quality of life was improved in both groups (EQ5D RF:0.8613; HF:0.8175; p = 0,439) still without significant differences between them. DASI score was similar to baseline (20.51 vs 21.80). RF group performed less transmissions/visits per patient (1.57) than hospital group (1.96; relative reduction 31%; p = 0.015). CONCLUSIONS Remote follow-up of people with pacemakers might be considered as an equivalent option to the hospital follow-up in relation to the quality of life and it reduces the number of hospital visits.

Hottentottisch. 5 : Nama, Bergdamaramundart : Homonyme ; Hottentottisch. 6 : Nama, Bergdamaramundart : einzelne Sätze / gespr. von Missionar Baumann

[Traditions. Afrique du sud. Namibie. Khoïkhoï]

Helsinki 15.6.1924

Kirje