A pr��tica interdisciplinar na pol��tica de assist��ncia social: o caso das CRAS de Abaetetuba-PA

Esta Disserta����o de Mestrado em Servi��o Social tem como objetivo fazer uma reflex��o sobre a pr��tica interdisciplinar entre assistentes e psic��logos que atuam nos Centros de Refer��ncia de Assist��ncia Social do munic��pio de Abaetetuba. O Munic��pio est�� localizado �� aproximadamente 80 km da capital do Estado do Par�� e tem aproximadamente 139.000 habitantes, conforme o ��ltimo censo IBGE. Desde 2005 vem implementando as diretrizes da Pol��tica Nacional de Assist��ncia Social de 2004. A Nova Pol��tica Nacional de Assist��ncia Social, por meio de suas diretrizes e principais objetivos visa a consolida����o dos processos de descentraliza����o da gest��o. Institui um novo modelo organiza����o dos servi��os socioassistenciais, unificando conceitos e procedimentos em todo territ��rio nacional atrav��s do Sistema ��nico de Assist��ncia Social que, por sua vez, estabelece padr��es para a execu����o dos servi��os, para a qualidade no atendimento, e define indicadores de avalia����o e resultado. A interdisciplinaridade ainda �� considerada um conceito em constru����o, entretanto nesta realidade configura-se como uma rela����o de reciprocidade de mutualidade que pressup��e uma atitude diferente a ser assumida frente aos problemas de conhecimento, isto �� substituir a concep����o fragment��ria pela unit��ria do ser humano. Esta atitude, n��o poder�� ser preconceituosa, mas aberta onde todo conhecimento torna-se importante, pode ser fundamentada na intersubjetividade e intera����o entre os saberes, mas n��o pode estar desligada do contexto onde ela ocorre. A atua����o pr��tica interdisciplinar no Centro de Refer��ncia de Assist��ncia Social, bem como em outros programas projetos e servi��os desta pol��tica �� incentivada, mas na realidade do munic��pio aqui pesquisado observou-se que existem muitos obst��culos e desafios para o exerc��cio desta pr��tica. Desde o n��o cumprimento das normatiza����es que regulamentam a Pol��tica de Assist��ncia Social at�� a supera����o das condi����es prec��rias nas rela����es de trabalho, tanto no que diz respeito ao v��nculo, quanto ��s condi����es f��sicas e materiais dos espa��os, passando pela necessidade de implementa����o de gest��o voltada a qualifica����o e valoriza����o dos recursos humanos inseridos no SUAS.

A interven����o profissional do assistente social na preven����o de acidente de trabalho: a experi��ncia na Comiss��o de Aeroportos da Regi��o Amaz��nica - COMARA

Este estudo teve como objetivo analisar a interven����o profissional do Assistente Social na Preven����o de Acidente de Trabalho na Comiss��o de Aeroportos da Regi��o Amaz��nica ��� COMARA, no per��odo de 2007 a 2009, na perspectiva de contribuir para a preven����o de acidentes de trabalho, o que constitui uma nova demanda posta para a profiss��o nesse espa��o s��cioocupacional. Teve como aporte te��rico-metodol��gico a teoria marxista a qual possibilitou desvendar as condi����es objetivas de trabalho e de vida dos pesquisados, assim como, compreender as demandas postas ao servi��o social, particularmente, ��queles relacionados ao acidente de trabalho. Os dados utilizados na pesquisa foram do tipo prim��rio e secund��rio. Os prim��rios foram coletados atrav��s de documentos da institui����o, tais como: relat��rios do servi��o social, planos de a����o do servi��o social e com entrevistas realizadas com os funcion��rios, encarregados, gerentes, equipe interdisciplinar e profissionais dos recursos humanos; os secund��rios tiveram como fonte: a sistematiza����o dos atendimentos realizados durante esse per��odo. Os resultados da pesquisa evidenciaram que o servi��o social, a partir de 2007, na COMARA como uma ��rea de saber e uma profiss��o que contribui para a preven����o de acidente de trabalho, a medida que a interven����o profissional do assistente social n��o �� mais caracterizada pela atua����o somente no P��s-acidente de trabalho e, sim, na preven����o de acidente de trabalho, o que impacta na redu����o dos acidentes de trabalho, nessa organiza����o.

Quest��o jur��dica e social para o Terceiro Setor: associa����es sem fins lucrativos de atividades profissionais e clubes de servi��os - Franca-SP

P��s-gradua����o em Servi��o Social - FCHS

Quality Management and Formalization in Social Service Organizations - A Survey on Home-Based Family Intervention Services

Although the effects of quality management on social work are still widely unexplored, critics suspect that it will lead to a negative standardization of working conditions, whereas supporters of quality management hope for a greater transparency and effectiveness of service delivery. This article reports on a survey of 30 managers, 261 professionals, and 435 families in 30 family intervention service organizations. It uses cluster analysis to explore the relationship between quality management and different forms of work formalization. Results showed that working conditions generally are enabling for professional practice, but differences exist between what is called here a managerialist machine bureaucracy, an atomistic professional organization, and a collegiate professional organization.

Different levels of policy change: A comparison between the public discussion on social security in Sweden and in Finland

The deep economic recession that hit Sweden and Finland at the beginning of the 90s, and the fall in public revenues and rapidly growing public debts that followed on it, triggered a development of cutbacks and restructuring measures which has resulted in a scientific debate over what this has meant for these countries��� systems of social policy, traditionally resting on the Nordic welfare state paradigm. In this connection, questions of to what extent changes made can be ascribed mainly to the economic constraints posed by the recession at all, or rather, to other more long-term societal trends or phenomena, including globalisation, European integration and/or ideational or ideological shifts among influential (elite) groups, have often been touched upon. Applying an ideas-centred approach, this paper attempts to contribute to the knowledge on the reasoning of influential elite societal groups in social policy issues before, during and after the 90���s recession, by empirically analysing their statements on social security made in the press. A distinction is made between three different levels of proposed policy changes, reaching from minor alterations of single programs to changes of the policy paradigm. Results show that the 1990s did not only mean the emergence of suggestions for minor cutbacks in and alterations of prevailing programmes. The share of suggestions implying de facto a (further) departure from the basic features of the social security system also showed that the model was under continuous pressure throughout the 90s. However, many of the changes suggested were not justified by any clear references to a policy paradigm in either country (or not justified at all). Instead, references to ���purely��� structural justifications did become more common over time. In this respect, as regards social security, our results cannot confirm the fairly popular notion among many researchers of a clearly ideological attack on the welfare state. However, it remains uncertain whether and to what extent the increased proportion of references to ���structural realities��� in the 90s should be interpreted as an indication of a change in the idea of what the welfare state is and what the goals behind it are. Results further show that the patterns of the discussion in the two countries studied bore a remarkable resemblance at a general level, whereas there are indications of differences in the driving forces behind suggestions for similar reforms in these two countries.

The Role of a Non-Governmental Organization in the Improvement of Employment in Finland: A Case Study

This study discusses one Non-Governmental Organization (NGO) as an alternative institution for the improvement of employment in a Finnish city. Empirical data was collected from 16 employees and from an official of the organization using questionnaires, interviews and participant observation. The data was analyzed qualitatively and the findings revealed that, the organization plays complementary role in cooperating with the government to provide social services to underprivileged groups of people, through which the organization is able to create jobs for long-term unemployed people in the city of Jyv��skyl��. However, the skill development training of the organization was found to be inadequate for boosting the employability of their employees in the open labour market, once the latter���s 1-2 year contract ended. The study concluded that for the organization to become a viable alternative institution for the improvement of employment in the city of Jyv��skyl��, it must improve the skill development training of their employees, as well as increase collaboration with other actors that are working towards the same goals.

Social Development

Numerous models have been formulated to describe development. Generally, these start off with a state of not-yet development or nondevelopment, and then go on to contrast this with a second state: some kind of plan or blueprint for development. As a result, the process of development is equated with a series of completed stages. Like having to climb the rungs of a ladder, one moves up and up in order to become more and more developed. The associated catching-up processes are then frequently described with phase models. ln contrast to such goal-directed perspectives on development with their links to modernization theory, social development pursues an alternative approach focusing on the empowerment and autonomy of actors, and also taking account of the structural obstacles that confront them as they shape their daily lives in the sense of learning to develop their selves. This means that development is always conceived within a twin framework of self- and other-development. Social development represents a holistic approach that is non-static and process-oriented.

The Role of a Non-Governmental Organization in the Improvement of Employment in Finland: A Case Study

This study discusses one Non-Governmental Organization (NGO) as an alternative institution for the improvement of employment in a Finnish city. Empirical data was collected from 16 employees and from an official of the organization using questionnaires, interviews and participant observation. The data was analyzed qualitatively and the findings revealed that, the organization plays complementary role in cooperating with the government to provide social services to underprivileged groups of people, through which the organization is able to create jobs for long-term unemployed people in the City of Jyv��skyl��. However, the skill development training of the organization was found to be inadequate for boosting the employability of their employees in the open labour market, once their 1-2 year contract ended. The study concluded that for the organization to become a viable alternative institution for the improvement of employment in the City of Jyv��skyl��, it must improve the skill development training of their employees, as well as increase collaboration with other actors that are working towards the same goals.

Beyond the Margins: Analyzing Social Exclusion with a Homeless Client Dataset

A great share of literature on social exclusion has been based mainly on the analysis of official survey data. Whereas these efforts have provided insights into the characteristics and conditions of those people living at the margins of mainstream social relations, they have however failed to encompass those who live beyond these very margins. Meanwhile, research on these hidden subpopulations, such as homeless and other vulnerable groups, remains generally less abundant and is significantly detached from the theoretical core of the debate on social exclusion. The concern about these shortcomings lies at the heart of our research. We seek to bring some light to the area by using data made available by an organization that provides services to people experiencing homelessness in Barcelona (Spain). The data sample contains clients in early stages of exclusion and others in chronic situations. Thus, we attempt to identify some of the variables that operate in preventing the "chronification" of those individuals in situation of social exclusion. Our findings suggest that certain variables such as educational level, income and housing type, which are considered to be central predictors in the analysis of poverty, behave differently when analyzing differences between stages of social exclusion. Although these results cannot be extrapolated to the whole Spanish or European reality, they could provide useful insight for future investigations on this topic.

Reacciones comunitarias a la crisis econ��mica y social en Espa��a

Introducci��n. En un contexto de incremento de las desigualdades y de la pobreza en la sociedad espa��ola, donde el desmantelamiento del Estado de Bienestar reduce la posibilidad de encontrar recursos e implementar pol��ticas p��blicas de reducci��n de estos efectos; la Sociedad Civil y la ciudadan��a desarrollan pr��cticas resilientes orientadas a satisfacer las necesidades de las comunidades m��s afectadas por el desempleo y el recorte de servicios sociales. Material y m��todos. a) Datos secundarios estad��sticos procedentes de organismos y fundaciones; y webs de organizaciones resilientes; b) datos primarios producidos a partir de entrevistas y grupos de discusi��n. Metodolog��a de an��lisis de contenido y an��lisis de discurso. Resultados y discusi��n. las pr��cticas resilientes como satisfactores de necesidades, son estructuradas a partir de dos dimensiones adaptaci��n/transformaci��n; dependencia/autonom��a. Se observa que estas pr��cticas cuanto m��s abstracci��n presentan (de las necesidades concretas relacionadas con la subsistencia, a las necesidades m��s intangibles relacionadas con cuestiones simb��licas e identitarias), mayor complejidad en su dise��o y organizaci��n, y mayor potencia como satisfactor.

Social Citizenship and Institution Building: EU-Enlargement and the Restructuring of Welfare States in East Central Europe. CES Germany & Europe Working Paper, No. 01.2, April 2001

With the EU-enlargement process well underway, this paper focuses on social citizenship as a conceptual frame for analyzing the restructuring of social institutions in applicant countries in East Central Europe. So far, comparative welfare state analysis has concentrated mainly on the developed economies of the OECD-countries; there is little systematic analytical work on the transitions in post-communist Europe. Theoretically, this paper builds on comparative welfare state analysis as well as on new institutionalism. The initial hypothesis is built on the assumption that emerging patterns of social support and social security diverge from the typology described in the comparative welfare state literature inasmuch as the transformation of postcommunist societies is distinctly different from the building of welfare states in Europe. The paper argues that institutionbuilding is shaped by and embedded in the process of European integration and part of governance in the EU. Anticipating full membership in the European Union, the applicant countries have to adapt to the rules and regulations of the EU, including the "social acquis." Therefore, framing becomes an important feature of institutional changes. The paper seeks to identify distinct patterns and problems of the institutionalization of social citizenship.

O trabalho social da Igreja Metodista com imigrantes Bolivianos no bairro do Br��s em S��o Paulo

O texto analisa o projeto social da Igreja Metodista no bairro do Br��s junto aos imigrantes Bolivianos. Revisa-se a literatura sobre as primeiras movimenta����es com imigrantes no Brasil para focar logo, o bairro do Br��s, a Igreja Metodista e o projeto com imigrantes Bolivianos. A origem do bairro do Br��s, sua import��ncia e a sua rela����o hist��rica com movimenta����o migrat��ria fazem parte das reflex��es. O surgimento da igreja e suas caracter��sticas mission��rias s��o apresentados antes de um aprofundamento no estudo do projeto social com os Bolivianos. Revisa-se a rela����o entre a igreja e os imigrantes americanos e europeus que chegaram ao Brasil no final do s��culo XIX. A partir de 1980 inicia-se o fen��meno do crescimento da presen��a do imigrante boliviano nos bairros centrais da metr��pole paulista, e como consequ��ncia desta presen��a, h�� cerca de dez anos a Igreja Metodista desenvolve o projeto visando dar assist��ncia social e religiosa aos filhos e filhas de imigrantes Bolivianos. Para o estudo dessa quest��o realizou-se a pesquisa de campo e aplica����o de entrevistas de question��rio aos respons��veis pelo projeto, um casal que acompanha o projeto desde seu in��cio, tr��s pastores, sendo um deles de origem boliviana e quatro jovens Bolivianos que participam do projeto. Na pesquisa detectam-se fatos e informa����es relevantes para a an��lise critica em rela����o a preconceitos, limita����es na comunica����o, na integra����o cultural, falta de um planejamento estrat��gico entre outros aspectos burocr��ticos caracter��sticos da organiza����o interna da Igreja Metodista. O desenvolvimento do contexto urbano do bairro do Br��s, a procura de assist��ncia social por parte do imigrante Boliviano e os limites estruturais da igreja aparecem como novos desafios �� tradi����o e pratica mission��ria da Igreja Metodista.

A Case Study of the Ellison Model's Use of Mentoring as an Approach Toward Inclusive Community Building

The Ellison Executive Mentoring Inclusive Community Building (ICB) Model is a paradigm for initiating and implementing projects utilizing executives and professionals from a variety of fields and industries, university students, and pre-college students. The model emphasizes adherence to ethical values and promotes inclusiveness in community development. It is a hierarchical model in which actors in each succeeding level of operation serve as mentors to the next. Through a three-step process--content, process, and product--participants must be trained with this mentoring and apprenticeship paradigm in conflict resolution, and they receive sensitivitiy and diversity training, through an interactive and dramatic exposition. The content phase introduces participants to the model's philosophy, ethics, values and methods of operation. The process used to teach and reinforce its precepts is the mentoring and apprenticeship activities and projects in which the participants engage and whose end product demontrates their knowledge and understanding of the model's concepts. This study sought to ascertain from the participants' perspectives whether the model's mentoring approach is an effective means of fostering inclusiveness, based upon their own experiences in using it. The research utilized a qualitative approach and included data from field observations, individual and group interviews, and written accounts of participants' attitudes. Participants complete ICB projects utilizing the Ellison Model as a method of development and implementation. They generally perceive that the model is a viable tool for dealing with diversity issues whether at work, at school, or at home. The projects are also instructional in that whether participants are mentored or seve as apprentices, they gain useful skills and knowledge about their careers. Since the model is relatively new, there is ample room for research in a variety of areas including organizational studies to dertmine its effectiveness in combating problems related to various kinds of discrimination.

Da voz que cala ao corpo que fala: o ass��dio moral no ambiente de trabalho como desafio para o servi��o social

The changes ocurred in the world of capitalist labor, especially from the last decades of the 20th century, accentuated the process of manipulation and domination of the working class, materialized mainly through naturalization and / or trivialization of violence, conducted in the work environment. From this process, emerge the elements of bullying, that is, the embarrassing and humiliating practices which extend through time, degrading human race, and becoming fruitful object for study, debate and the intervention of the professionals of the Social Service area. Thus, we assume the perspective of analyzing the concepts and the work of social workers, whom work at people management area before the bullying in the workplace. We propose the following objectives: apprehend the settings of bullying, in the contemporary context of competitiveness and flexibility of work, as well as its implications for workers' health; characterize the background of this expression of violence at work in the municipality of Natal- RN; and analyze the powers and duties of the social worker in the process of prevention, identification and addressing of bullying in the context of work. This study consisted of a qualitative approach, based on the dialectical-critical method as soon as we adopt methodological procedures such as: theoretical knowledge, documental and field research, and performed using semi-structured interviews. The subjects of this research were nine (09) the Social Service professionals working in personnel management area, in five (5) institutions with legal and branches of different activities, located in Natal-RN. Even interviewed one (01) representative of the Public Ministry of Rio Grande do Norte Office (MPT-RN). The findings of this analysis indicate that bullying is a contemporary expression of "social question", which is presented as a demand for the Social-assistants ��� covered up and / or camuflage ��� under the guise of problems related to workers' health or mere conflicts of interpersonal relationships, that is, without any causal connection with the organization of work. The fear of losing job, not to be inserted in the labor market, and / or suffering reprisals, deepens the subject levels of the victims of bullying. Hence the importance of Social Workers are capable to understand the social reality, by preventing and combating the elements of bullying.

Late-career international migration and reproductive work. A comparison between Peruvian and Ukrainian women in the Southern Europe

Research on the relationship between reproductive work and women��s life trajectories including the experience of labour migration has mainly focused on the case of relatively young mothers who leave behind, or later re-join, their children. While it is true that most women migrate at a younger age, there are a significant number of cases of men and women who move abroad for labour purposes at a more advanced stage, undertaking a late-career migration. This is still an under-estimated and under-researched sub-field that uncovers a varied range of issues, including the global organization of reproductive work and the employment of migrant women as domestic workers late in their lives. By pooling the findings of two qualitative studies, this article focuses on Peruvian and Ukrainian women who seek employment in Spain and Italy when they are well into their forties, or older. A commonality the two groups of women share is that, independently of their level of education and professional experience, more often than not they end up as domestic and care workers. The article initially discusses the reasons for late-career female migration, taking into consideration the structural and personal determinants that have affected Peruvian and Ukrainian women���s careers in their countries of origin and settlement. After this, the focus is set on the characteristics of domestic employment at later life, on the impact on their current lives, including the transnational family organization, and on future labour and retirement prospects. Apart from an evaluation of objective working and living conditions, we discuss women���s personal impressions of being domestic workers in the context of their occupational experiences and family commitments. In this regard, women report varying levels of personal and professional satisfaction, as well as different patterns of continuity-discontinuity in their work and family lives, and of optimism towards the future. Divergences could be, to some extent, explained by the effect of migrants�� transnational social practices and policies of states.