The future prospects of the fish stocks of Lake Victoria, Uganda

Experimental trawling during the period 1981/86 and analysis of past commercial catch landings, mainly in the northern portion of Lake Victoria have indicated that the standing stocks and therefore, the estimates of sustainable yields of the most important fish species have unquestionably changed since the 1969/71 comprehensive lake-wide stock assessment survey. Lake Victoria which was originally a multi-species fishery now relies on two introduced species (Lates niloticus and Oreochromis niloticus) and one indigenous cyprinid (Rastrineobola argentea). Most of the traditional fish species, including the once dominant haplochromines, have either declined or disappeared. The catch rates in the experimental trawl catches declined from 797 kg/hr in 1969/71 to 575 kg/hr in 1981 and 166 kg/hr in 1985. The contribution of L. niloticus in the trawl catch increased from 0.9% in 1981 to 95.6% in 1985 while the contribution of the haplochromines decreased from about 91% to about 1% over the same period. The mean size of the individual fish caught (particularly the Nile perch) was also on the decline. Similar trends were also observed in the commercial fishery. However, recent observations in the Lake Kyoga commercial fishery that O. niloticus has now surpassed L.niloticus in importance may create more uncertainty regarding the future trends of the fish stocks of Lake Victoria. Inspite of the above situation, developments to increasingly exploit the fish stocks of the lake for export continue to take place. A number of fish processing and/or handling plants have been established in the Jinja, Kampala and Entebbe areas of the lake. Each of these plants is capable of handling upwards of 10 tons of fish a day, the target fish being L. niloticus and O. niloticus.

斑翅鹩鹛一新亚种——南川亚种

报道了来自四川省南川县的斑翅鹩鹛一新亚种, 命名为斑翅鹩鹛南川亚种(Spelaeornis froglodytoides nanchuanensis), 以及采自湖南省桑植县与湖北省宣思县的斑 翅鹩鹛标本, 记述了新亚种同已知亚种形态特征的区别。正模标本保存于四川师 范学院; 副模标本分别保存于中国科学院昆明动物所和四川农业大学。表1参15

Turbulent flow structure in experimental laboratory wind-generated gravity waves

This paper is the third part of a report on systematic measurements and analyses of wind-generated water waves in a laboratory environment. The results of the measurements of the turbulent flow on the water side are presented here, the details of which include the turbulence structure, the correlation functions, and the length and velocity scales. It shows that the mean turbulent velocity profiles are logarithmic, and the flows are hydraulically rough. The friction velocity in the water boundary layer is an order of magnitude smaller than that in the wind boundary layer. The level of turbulence is enhanced immediately beneath the water surface due to micro-breaking, which reflects that the Reynolds shear stress is of the order u *w 2. The vertical velocities of the turbulence are related to the relevant velocity scale at the still-water level. The autocorrelation function in the vertical direction shows features of typical anisotropic turbulence comprising a large range of wavelengths. The ratio between the microscale and macroscale can be expressed as λ/Λ=a Re Λ n, with the exponent n slightly different from -1/2, which is the value when turbulence production and dissipation are in balance. On the basis of the wavelength and turbulent velocity, the free-surface flows in the present experiments fall into the wavy free-surface flow regime. The integral turbulent scale on the water side alone underestimates the degree of disturbance at the free surface. © 2012 Elsevier B.V.

Beyond dataset bias: Multi-task unaligned shared knowledge transfer

Many visual datasets are traditionally used to analyze the performance of different learning techniques. The evaluation is usually done within each dataset, therefore it is questionable if such results are a reliable indicator of true generalization ability. We propose here an algorithm to exploit the existing data resources when learning on a new multiclass problem. Our main idea is to identify an image representation that decomposes orthogonally into two subspaces: a part specific to each dataset, and a part generic to, and therefore shared between, all the considered source sets. This allows us to use the generic representation as un-biased reference knowledge for a novel classification task. By casting the method in the multi-view setting, we also make it possible to use different features for different databases. We call the algorithm MUST, Multitask Unaligned Shared knowledge Transfer. Through extensive experiments on five public datasets, we show that MUST consistently improves the cross-datasets generalization performance. © 2013 Springer-Verlag.

两种泥鳅杂交及人工诱导大鳞副泥鳅雄核发育的染色体变化

当泥鳅自交时 ,其后代染色体数为 2n =1 0 0 ;如果泥鳅卵子与大鳞副泥鳅精子授精 ,其染色体来源于两种泥鳅 ,染色体数为 2n =74,并未发现有染色体丢失现象。当泥鳅卵子经紫外线辐射后与大鳞副泥鳅精子授精 ,如果不进行二倍化处理 ,86%的胚胎染色体完全来源于父本大鳞副泥鳅 ,为雄核发育单倍体n =2 4 ,经过二倍化处理后所获得的二倍体为大鳞副泥鳅雄核发育纯合二倍体 ,染色体数为 2n =48。

深圳湾浮游生物和底栖动物现状调查研究

对深圳湾浮游植物、浮游动物和底栖动物的种类、数量及分布现状进行了研究。结果表明 ,淡水种类占绝对优势 ,藻类5门32属45种 ,其中硅藻12属18种 ,绿藻1属15种 ,蓝藻7属10种 ,裸藻、金藻各1属1种 ;浮游动物共计37种 ,其中原生动物9种,轮虫14种 ,枝角类2种 ,桡足类8种 ,浮游幼虫及其它4种 ;底栖动物20种 ,分别为环节动物的多毛类7种 ,寡毛类2种 ,软体动物8种 ,甲壳动物2种 ,鱼类1种。浮游生物和底栖动物数量和分布的特征是 :藻类细胞密度为2.4×106～1.4×107个/L

中华鳖病毒(TSV)对鱼类细胞的感染试验

将 12种鱼类培养细胞用于中华鳖病毒 ( Trionyx sinesisvirus,TSV)的体外感染试验。结果显示 ,TSV能使鲤鱼上皮乳状瘤细胞 ( EPC)、鳗鲡性腺细胞 ( EG)和草鱼卵巢细胞 ( CO)产生病变。比较了不同培养温度对 TSV感染鱼类细胞的影响以及 TSV引起鱼类细胞病变的特征。 TSV引起 3种鱼类细胞病变 ,经显微观察 ,它们具有不同的病变特征。 TSV感染细胞后 ,其 TCID5 0 在 2 0～ 30℃范围内 ,随温度的升高而增加。超微观察表明 ,从感染的鱼类培养细胞中分

池塘饲养鱼类优化结构及其增产原理 Ⅲ.池养草鱼适宜生长的食物结构及其需求量

在实验室以浮萍和苏丹草为青饲料,颗-1(蛋白质17％)和颗-2(蛋白质25％)为精饲料进行交叉梯度试验,用特定生长率、饲料总生长效率、蛋白质效率等作为评价指标,试验结果表明:草鱼种所需青饲料与颗-1、颗-2的适宜比例范围分别为20—50,1和15—30:1。根据上述试验结果,兼顾草鱼在不同季节的营养需求和控制池塘水质,调整各阶段青、精饲料的投喂量,于1987—1989年进行了池塘对比饲养试验,结果表明,青、精饲料的平均投喂量分别为11.25×10~4—12.00×10~4kg/ha和11.25×10~3—

武汉东湖针簇多肢轮虫的种群变动和生产量

针簇多肢轮虫(Polyarthra trigla)是武汉东湖的优势轮虫,1983,5—1984,4在Ⅰ,Ⅱ站分别测定了这种轮虫卵和种群密度。Ⅰ站卵的密度在0—245个/升之间,平均为27个/升,种群密度为0—6600个/升,平均为362个/升;Ⅱ站卵的密度为0—321个/升,平均为22个/升,种群密度为0—2770个/升,平均为159个/升。在5—30℃的培养温度下,卵的发育时间随温度升高而缩短,它们间的关系可用下列回归方程表示: lnD=0.4627+1.2929lnT-0.4995(lnT)~2 用直

温度对近亲裸腹溞发育、生长和卵的生产量的影响

近亲裸腹溞(Moina affinis)的胚胎发育和总生活时间与温度呈反比。其后各龄期的生长、卵的生产量与温度的变化密切相关。30℃时,总胚胎发育时间为18—20小时,平均龄期为25.1小时,总生活时间为15.7天;20℃时,总胚胎发育时间为42—48小时,平均龄期为53.2小时,总生活时间为33.3天。在30℃时,有2个成体前龄,13个成龄;而在20℃时,有3个成体前龄,12个成龄。不论30℃或20℃,幼龄的龄期短于成龄龄期。近亲裸腹溞各个不同龄期的生长也因温度而变化。30℃时,10龄之前,以1、2龄的