Calcareous nannofossil biostratigraphy of ODP Hole 108-667A and DSDP Site 85-574

Detailed quantitative analyses of selected calcareous nannofossil species were used to determine the placement of zonal boundaries. In Hole 667A in the equatorial Atlantic Ocean, Zones CP19 through CN5 were recognized, whereas at Site 574 in the equatorial Pacific Ocean, only the CN4/CN5 boundary could be determined. Boundaries were identified by sharp rises and declines in abundance at the beginnings and ends, respectively, of index fossil ranges. The sharp rise in abundance at the beginning of the range of Triquetrorhabdulus rugosus provided a good datum level in both regions; the same is true for the sharp decline in abundance at the end of the range of Cyclicargolithus floridanus. The last occurrence of Helicosphaera ampliaperta was used to mark the CN3/CN4 boundary in Hole 667A, while at Site 574, H. ampliaperta was absent. The abundance pattern of Triquetrorhabdulus carinatus obtained from Hole 667A makes it impossible to observe a distinct disappearance level. Age/depth plots reveal uniform sedimentation rates at both sites during early Miocene times. At Site 667 in the Atlantic the mean sedimentation rate was 14.90 m/m.y., and at Site 574 in the Pacific it was 16.17 m/m.y. during this same period. One new nannofossil species, Triquetrorhabdulus rioensis, is described; and one species, Triquetrorhabdulus serratus, is recombined.

Oligocene to Miocene stable isotope record and planktonic foraminifer biostratigraphy of the Sierra Leone Rise

We have integrated Oligocene to lower upper Miocene planktonic foraminifer biostratigraphy with benthic foraminifer (Cibicidoides spp.) stable isotope records for two sites drilled on opposite sides of the Sierra Leone Rise in the eastern equatorial Atlantic Ocean. Deep Sea Drilling Project Site 366 (2853 m present water depth; 2200-2800 m paleodepth) recovered an Oligocene to upper Miocene record with a minor unconformity in the "middle" Oligocene and a condensed middle Miocene section. Ocean Drilling Program Site 667 (3529 m present depth; 3000-3500 m paleodepth) recovered an apparently continuous "middle" Oligocene to lower middle Miocene record and a similar condensed middle Miocene section. The Oligocene to lower Miocene sections were deposited at similar sedimentation rates (~11-16 m/m.y.). Stable isotope stratigraphy proved to be useful in establishing intra- and interbasinal correlations. In addition to the well-known earliest Oligocene and middle Miocene S180 increases, a distinct d18O increase occurred near the Oligocene/Miocene boundary. Carbon isotope variations provide similar potential for improving correlations; for example, a d13C increase occurred near the Oligocene/Miocene boundary in concert with increased d18O values. There was little d13C difference between the western Atlantic and eastern Atlantic basins during the late Oligocene and most of the middle Miocene; in contrast, eastern basin d13C values were slightly lower than those in the western basins during the earliest Oligocene (about 35-33 Ma) and early Miocene (about 22-18 Ma).

Upper room bulletin.

Mode of access: Internet.

Upper room bulletin.

Mode of access: Internet.

Mass and class; a survey of social divisions,

Preface.--The lesson from history.--Classes and the class struggle.--Classes and class functions.--Class ethics.--Ethics of the producers.--Ethics of the traders.--The reign of graft.--The failure of the trading class.--Index.

All of Department of Medicine and Surgery, U of M Class 1895

On verso: Huntington & Clark. Successors to Millard. 224 Woodward Ave., Detroit, Mich. Negatives retained for future orders. Duplicates at any time at reduced rates. We have the 70,000 negatives made by Powelson and Millard. Left to right: Ellen Bradford Murray, Maria Louise Graham, Louisa Terese Black

Synthesis dataset of physical and ecosystem properties from pan-arctic wetland sites using peat core analysis

Permafrost dynamics play an important role in high-latitude peatland carbon balance and are key to understanding the future response of soil carbon stocks. Permafrost aggradation can control the magnitude of the carbon feedback in peatlands through effects on peat properties. We compiled peatland plant macrofossil records for the northern permafrost zone (515 cores from 280 sites) and classified samples by vegetation type and environmental class (fen, bog, tundra and boreal permafrost, thawed permafrost). We examined differences in peat properties (bulk density, carbon (C), nitrogen (N) and organic matter content, C/N ratio) and C accumulation rates among vegetation types and environmental classes.

Postural activity of the abdominal muscles varies between regions of these muscles and between body positions

The abdominal muscles have an important role in control and movement of the lumbar spine and pelvis. Given there is new evidence of morphological and functional differences between distinct anatomical regions of the abdominal muscles, this study investigated whether there are regional differences in postural activity of these muscles and whether recruitment varies between different body positions. Eleven subjects with no history of low back pain that affected function or for which they sought treatment participated in the study. Electromyographic (EMG) activity of the upper, middle and lower regions of transversus abdominis (TrA), the middle and lower regions of obliquus internus abdominis (OI) and the middle region of obliquus externus abdominis (OE) was recorded using intramuscular electrodes. All subjects performed rapid, unilateral shoulder flexion in standing and six subjects also moved their upper limb in sitting. There were regional differences in the postural responses of TrA with limb movement. Notably, the onset of EMG of the upper region was later than that of the lower and middle regions. There were no differences in the EMG onsets of lower and middle TrA or OI. The postural responses of the abdominal muscles were also found to differ between body positions, with recruitment delayed in sitting compared to standing. This study showed that there is regional differentiation in TrA activity with challenges to postural control and that body position influences the postural responses of the abdominal muscles. These results may reflect variation in the contribution of abdominal muscle regions to stability of the trunk. (c) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte epitope vaccination protects against human metapneumovirus infection and disease in mice

Human metapneumovirus (hMPV) has emerged as an important human respiratory pathogen causing upper and lower respiratory tract infections in young children and older adults. In addition, hMPV infection is associated with asthma exacerbation in young children. Recent epidemiological evidence indicates that hMPV may cocircullate with human respiratory syncytial virus (hRSV) and mediate clinical disease similar to that seen with hRSV. Therefore, a vaccine for hMPV is highly desirable. In the present study, we used predictive bioinformatics, peptide immunization, and functional T-cell assays to define hMPV cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) epitopes recognized by mouse T cells restricted through several major histocompatibility complex class I alleles, including HILA-A*0201. We demonstrate that peptide immunization with hMPV CTL epitopes reduces viral load and immunopathollogy in the lungs of hMPV-challenged mice and enhances the expression of Th1-type cytokines (gamma interferon and interleukin-12 [IL-12]) in lungs and regional lymph nodes. In addition, we show that levels of Th2-type cytolkines (IL-10 and IL-4) are significantly lower in hMPV CTL epitope-vaccinated mice challenged with hMPV. These results demonstrate for the first time the efficacy of an hMPV CTL epitope vaccine in the control of hMPV infection in a murine model.

Locating whiteness in the academic production of "I Philosophy" in and of time and place

This review will critically evaluate two recent texts by white academics working across disciplines of cultural studies, history and anthropology and published by UNSW Press, which share a focus on the relationship between Aboriginality, Philosophy, Place and Time in Australia. I write from the position of a queer white academic committed to engaging politically and intellectually with the challenge of Indigenous sovereignties in this place while also aware that my position as a middle class white woman and intellectual imposes limits on what it is possible for me to know about Indigenous epistemologies (see Moreton-Robinson, 2000). In the course of this review I will demonstrate how anthropology's tendency to fix its objects of study within a circumscribed space of 'difference' limits the capacity of texts produced within this discipline to account for racialized struggles over sovereignty. While these struggles are equally embedded in the ethnographic context and the nation's constitution and political institutions, we will see that Muecke and Bird Rose confront problems in analysing the relationship between the intimate space of the 'field', in which one's research subjects quickly become one's 'friends' and/or 'classificatory kin'—on one hand—and the public space of the nation within which statements about Aboriginality by white academics circulate and are vested with an authority that escapes individual intentions and control—on the other.

AVALIAÇÃO DAS TÁBUAS ÓSSEAS VESTIBULARES E LINGUAIS DOS DENTES ANTERIORES INFERIORES E MOLARES SUPERIORES APÓS O TRATAMENTO COM OS APARELHOS FUNCIONAIS FIXOS FORSUS E TWIN FORCE BITE CORRECTOR

Pelo fato das consequências do uso de aparelhos ortopédicos fixos sobre o periodonto ósseo vestibular e lingual ainda serem uma incógnita para o ortodontista clínico e pesquisador, este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar, por meio de tomografia computadorizada de feixe cônico (TCFC) as alterações em espessura das tábuas ósseas vestibulares e linguais em primeiros molares superiores e incisivos e caninos inferiores, após a utilização de aparelhagem fixa e dos aparelhos Twin Force (grupo A) e Forsus (grupo B) para o tratamento da maloclusão de Classe II, 1ª divisão. Para tanto, obteve-se uma amostra de 22 pacientes jovens adultos, divididos em dois grupos, de acordo com o aparelho propulsor da mandíbula. Grupo experimental A: 11 pacientes, 6 masculinos e 5 femininos, com idade média de 15,09 anos na instalação do Twin Force, e 11 pacientes, 7 masculinos e 4 femininos, com idade média de 15,45 anos na instalação do Forsus. O tempo médio de uso do aparelho Twin Force foi de 3,73 meses e do Forsus, 7,09 meses. O grupo A realizou TCFC antes do início do tratamento (T1), antes da instalação do Twin Force (T2), após a remoção do Twin Force (T3); e o grupo B somente antes da instalação do Forsus (T2) e após a remoção do Forsus (T3). Para comparação entre os tempos T2 e T3 foi utilizado o teste t pareado e entre os tempos T1, T2 e T3 foi utilizada a Análise de Variância (ANOVA) a um critério e o teste post-hoc de Tukey. Para comparação entre os grupos foi utilizado o teste t . Na comparação intergrupos os resultados evidenciaram que não houve diferença estatisticamente significante entre as alterações das espessuras das tábuas ósseas vestibular e lingual; por outro lado, na avaliação intra-grupo, de 48 medidas avaliadas, no grupo A houve reduções estatisticamente significantes nos terços cervical e médio por vestibular, nos dentes anteroinferiores e nos primeiros molares superiores e aumento nos terços cervical e médio, por lingual nos dentes anteriores inferiores, totalizando 25 medidas significantes. Já no grupo B, houve aumento significante da tábua óssea lingual nos dentes anteriores inferiores e redução em vestibular nos molares superiores, totalizando apenas sete medidas significantes, mas com mais medidas significantes de redução óssea vestibular em terços cervical e médio nos primeiros molares superiores, em comparação com o grupo A. Não houve diferença significante entre as medições obtidas com voxel 0,2 mm e 0,4 mm e nem dimorfismo entre os gêneros. As reduções em espessura óssea alveolar, principalmente em terços cervicais e médios vestibulares nos dentes avaliados neste estudo são um alerta ao clínico, para que realize essa abordagem diagnóstica periodontal antes de iniciar o tratamento ortodôntico.

Professionalisation and ophthalmic optics

This thesis is a sociological study of the ophthalmic optical profession in Britain. It includes a survey of the development of ophthalmic optics as an occupation and three questionnaire, surveys, one each of first and final year ophthalmic optics students, and one of practising opticians. The developmental survey showed that four themes have been important in the occupation's process of professionalisation - the actions of the opticians' leaders, the gradual unification of the bodies, representing segments of the profession, the struggle with medicine and the involvement of ophthalmic opticians in state-organised optical welfare schemes. The student surveys showed that the profession is now recruiting largely from middle class, state educated groups, and increasingly from women, who hold significantly different attitudes to income, independence and career commitment. In general, both first and final year students considered service to be rather more important than furthering knowledge. Practising opticians have been recruited increasingly, from middle class backgrounds, mostly from state selective secondary schools, but with a large minority from non-state schools. The self-recruitment rate of the profession (18.9%) is very similar to that for British medical students. Significant differences in concepts of professionalism were found among ophthalmic opticians of different ages, sexes and types of practice but few among those in different areas of practice. In general, ophthalmic opticians seemed to stress service more·than furthering knowledge. It is suggested that the leaders of the profession have 'negotiated' considerable autonomy for its members and that the possibilities for commercialism within the ophthalmic optician's professional role are intrinsically no greater than those in more 'established' professions.

White working-class neighbourhoods:common themes and policy suggestions

What does it mean to be white and working class in modern Britain? The Joseph Rowntree Foundation’s studies of traditionally white estates in Bradford, London, Coventry and Birmingham are part of a growing body of research into ‘white identities’. This paper: • identifies common findings from JRF research into traditionally white estates, in the context of other similar work; • suggests how issues of white identity can be better understood and makes recommendations for policy and practice. Key points: • Profound economic and social change has increased isolation and fear in traditionally white estates. Residents often claim that things were better in the past. • ‘Estatism’ refers to specific social dynamics associated with council estates and prejudice towards residents based on where they live. This can result in lowered self-esteem and reluctance to participate in community campaigns. • People on traditionally white estates often feel they are not listened to by outside agencies. Consultations can raise hopes but ultimately reinforce disengagement. Initiatives to ensure equality have become associated with political correctness (‘PC’). • White working-class people feel they are bound by values of hard work, reciprocity and support. They are frustrated by the closure and lack of access to community facilities. The social class system simultaneously disadvantages the working class while giving advantage to other classes. • There is a strong desire for allocation of resources to be fair, with a widespread perception that minorities are given preference. Blaming incomers for decline is common, with the target of blame differing between sites. Participants did not want to be considered racist and felt that labelling ideas as racist prevents discussion. Similarly, the term ‘PC’ can also be used to shut down debate. • Recommendations include community-twinning, new ways of accessing local authorities, involvement from the private sector in disadvantaged areas and local panels to define and develop the ‘Big Society’. Initiatives aimed solely at white working-class people are unlikely to be successful.

ICT diffusion and foreign direct investment:a comparative study between Asia-Pacific and the Middle Eastern economies

This chapter investigates the impact of inward and outward FDI on ICT diffusion in the Asia-Pacific and Middle East regions for the period 1996-2008. The results indicate that while inward FDI has generally had a positive and significant impact on ICT diffusion in Asia-Pacific economies, its impact on the Middle Eastern countries has been detrimental. In contrast, the results of this study also show that outward FDI has had, in general, the inverse effect, it has been in general positive and significant for the Middle East countries but insignificant for Asia-Pacific economies.

Do foreign direct investment (FDI) and trade openness explain the disparity in ICT diffusion between Asia-Pacific and the Islamic Middle Eastern countries?

This study investigates the impact of FDI and trade openness on ICT diffusion in the Asia-Pacific and Middle East regions from 1996-2005. The results indicate that while dissimilarities exist between the economies included in this study in terms of their level of socio-economic and political development, education and the growth of GDP have had a positive impact on ICT diffusion in both regions. However, while FDI has generally had a positive and significant impact on ICT diffusion in Asia-Pacific economies, its impact on Middle Eastern economies has been detrimental. The results of this study also show that trade-openness has had, in general, a positive and significant impact on ICT diffusion. Copyright © 2010, IGI Global.