A gazetteer of the state of New-York; : carefully written from original and authentic materials, arranged on a new plan, in three parts ... With an accurate map of the state. /

Mode of access: Internet.

The employment effects of shifting three billion dollars from defense to State and local government-related activities /

"This memo is an elaboration of the January 7, 1993 memo on the same subject. It addresses questions that were raised after the release of the earlier memo."

A chronological register of Boscawen, in the county of Merrimack, and state of New-Hampshire, from the first settlement of the town to 1820. In three parts: descriptive, historical & miscellaneous.

Mode of access: Internet.

Proceedings of the M [three dots in triangular formation̈ W [three dots in triangular formation̈ Grand lodge of Free and accepted masons of the state of California at its annual communication

Mode of access: Internet.

Agricultural statutes of the state of California, part three, The California fruit, nut and vegetable standardization laws.

Corrected to <1925; 1929; July 1, 1931; Oct. 1, 1949>.

The cell doctrine: its history and present state.

Mode of access: Internet.

Three separable domains regulate GTP-dependent association of H-ras with the plasma membrane

The microlocalization of Ras proteins to different microdomains of the plasma membrane is critical for signaling specificity. Here we examine the complex membrane interactions of H-ras with a combination of FRAP on live cells to measure membrane affinity and electron microscopy of intact plasma membrane sheets to spatially map microdomains. We show that three separable forces operate on H-ras at the plasma membrane. The lipid anchor, comprising a processed CAAX motif and two palmitic acid residues, generates one attractive force that provides a high-affinity interaction with lipid rafts. The adjacent hypervariable linker domain provides a second attractive force but for nonraft plasma membrane microdomains. Operating against the attractive interaction of the lipid anchor for lipid rafts is a repulsive force generated by the N-terminal catalytic domain that increases when H-ras is GTP loaded. These observations lead directly to a novel mechanism that explains how H-ras lateral segregation is regulated by activation state: GTP loading decreases H-ras affinity for lipid rafts and allows the hypervariable linker domain to target to nonraft microdomains, the primary site of H-ras signaling.

Coherent-state quantum key distribution without random basis switching

The random switching of measurement bases is commonly assumed to be a necessary step of quantum key distribution protocols. In this paper we present a no-switching protocol and show that switching is not required for coherent-state continuous-variable quantum key distribution. Further, this protocol achieves higher information rates and a simpler experimental setup compared to previous protocols that rely on switching. We propose an optimal eavesdropping attack against this protocol, assuming individual Gaussian attacks. Finally, we investigate and compare the no-switching protocol applied to the original Bennett-Brassard 1984 scheme.

Molecular characterization of three gonad cell lines

To facilitate the study of the regulation and downstream interactions of genes involved in gonad development it is important to have a suitable cell culture model. We therefore aimed to characterize molecularly three different mouse gonad cell lines. TM3 and TM4 cells were originally isolated from prepubertal mouse gonads and were tentatively identified as being of Leydig cell and Sertoli cell origin, respectively, based upon their morphology and hormonal responses. The third line is a conditionally immortalized cell line, derived from 10.5-11.5 days post-coitum (dpc) male gonads of transgenic embryos carrying a temperature-sensitive SV40 large T-antigen. We studied by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) the expression profiles of a number of genes known to be important for early gonad development. Moreover, we assessed these cell lines for their capacity to induce Sox9 transcription upon expression of Sry, a key molecular event occurring during sex determination. We found that all three cell lines were unable to upregulate Sox9 expression upon transfection of Sry-expression constructs, even though these cells express many of the studied embryonic gonad genes. These observations point to a requirement for SRY cofactors for direct or indirect upregulation of Sox9 expression during testis determination. Copyright © 2003 S. Karger AG, Basel

Rho and smooth muscle cell phenotype

Smooth muscle cell (SMC) phenotypic modulation from the mature ’contractile’ to a less differentiated ’synthetic’ phenotype involves not only altered expression but also a reorganisation of contractile and cytoskeletal proteins. Objective: To investigate the role of RhoA, a known regulator of the actin cytoskeleton, in SMC phenotypic regulation. Methods: Rho transcription (RT-PCR), expression (Western analysis) and activation (membrane translocation or Rho ’pull-down’ assay) was investigated in cultured rabbit aortic SMC during phenotypic modulation, and under the influence of known SM-regulatory proteins (thrombin, heparin and TGF- β). Rho’s effect on cell morphology was examined by transient transfection of ’synthetic’ state SMC with either constitutively active Rho (Val14RhoA) or its inhibitor, C3 transferase. Results: RhoA transcription was elevated in the first 3 days of primary culture, and protein expression peaked at 2 days post-confluence when SMC return to a more ’contractile’ state. However, RhoA showed augmented activation at three time-points in primary culture: the transition point when SMCs enter logarithmic growth and are highly motile, upon reaching quiescence, and when they return to a more ’contractile’ state. Thrombin, heparin and TGF-β activated RhoA in ’synthetic’ state SMCs. Transfection with Val14RhoA caused a dramatic decrease in SMC size and a reorganization of cytoskeletal proteins, reminiscent of the ’contractile’ phenotype. Specific inhibition of endogenous Rho by C3 transferase resulted in an almost complete loss of contractile proteins. Conclusion: These data indicate that Rho is an important determining factor of SMC functional state.

Cell passage-associated transient high oxygenation causes a transient decrease in cellular glutathione and affects T cell responses to apoptotic and mitogenic stimuli

Routine cell line maintenance involves removal of waste products and replenishment of nutrients via replacement of cell culture media. Here, we report that routine maintenance of three discrete cell lines (HSB-CCRF-2 and Jurkat T cells, and phaeo-chromocytoma PC12 cells) decreases the principal cellular antioxidant, glutathione, by up to 42% in HSB-CCRF-2 cells between 60 and 120 min after media replenishment. However, cellular glutathione levels returned to baseline within 5 h after passage. The decrease in glutathione was associated with modulation of the response of Jurkat T cells to apoptotic and mitogenic signals. Methotrexate-induced apoptosis over 16 h, measured as accumulation of apoptotic nucleoids, was decreased from 22 to 17% if cells were exposed to cytotoxic agent 30 min after passage compared with cells exposed to MTX in the absence of passage. In contrast, interleukin-2 (IL-2) production over 24 h in response to the toxin phytohaemagglutinin (PHA), was increased by 34% if cells were challenged 2 h after passage compared with PHA treatment in the absence of passage. This research highlights the presence of a window of time after cell passage of non-adherent cells that may lead to over- or under-estimation of subsequent cell responses to toxins, which is dependent on cellular antioxidant capacity or redox state. © 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Modelling financial time series with switching state space models

The deficiencies of stationary models applied to financial time series are well documented. A special form of non-stationarity, where the underlying generator switches between (approximately) stationary regimes, seems particularly appropriate for financial markets. We use a dynamic switching (modelled by a hidden Markov model) combined with a linear dynamical system in a hybrid switching state space model (SSSM) and discuss the practical details of training such models with a variational EM algorithm due to [Ghahramani and Hilton,1998]. The performance of the SSSM is evaluated on several financial data sets and it is shown to improve on a number of existing benchmark methods.

Analysis of tissue transglutaminase function in the migration of Swiss 3T3 fibroblasts:the active-state conformation of the enzyme does not affect cell motility but is important for its secretion

Increasing evidence suggests that tissue transglutaminase (tTGase; type II) is externalized from cells, where it may play a key role in cell attachment and spreading and in the stabilization of the extracellular matrix (ECM) through protein cross-linking. However, the relationship between these different functions and the enzyme's mechanism of secretion is not fully understood. We have investigated the role of tTGase in cell migration using two stably transfected fibroblast cell lines in which expression of tTGase in its active and inactive (C277S mutant) states is inducible through the tetracycline-regulated system. Cells overexpressing both forms of tTGase showed increased cell attachment and decreased cell migration on fibronectin. Both forms of the enzyme could be detected on the cell surface, but only the clone overexpressing catalytically active tTGase deposited the enzyme into the ECM and cell growth medium. Cells overexpressing the inactive form of tTGase did not deposit the enzyme into the ECM or secrete it into the cell culture medium. Similar results were obtained when cells were transfected with tTGase mutated at Tyr(274) (Y274A), the proposed site for the cis,trans peptide bond, suggesting that tTGase activity and/or its tertiary conformation dependent on this bond may be essential for its externalization mechanism. These results indicate that tTGase regulates cell motility as a novel cell-surface adhesion protein rather than as a matrix-cross-linking enzyme. They also provide further important insights into the mechanism of externalization of the enzyme into the extracellular matrix.