Crianças no pátio escolar :a utilização dos espaços e o comportamento infantil no recreio

The interest for understanding the relationship of the child with its environment has increased in the whole world during the last few years. Several researchers, using Environmental Psychology as basis, have analyzed the implications of this relation for the child development and the organization of playful spaces. Being a place where children spend a great part of their time and develop many intellectual and social abilities, the school becomes one of the main focus of this research. This study investigated different sectors of the outdoor area of NEI -UFRN, during the recreation time, in which the use of space and the interaction between children were analyzed, through the observation of the child behavior (place-centered and individual-centered mapping). The results had disclosed that the school s outdoor area and its equipments presents a great range of choices possible to the children, however its occupation is not uniform: there are areas very used and others almost without use. Generally, this heterogeneity happens again in relation to the distribution of the interaction states in the sectors, the friendly associative behavior being the most present. The observation of children behaviors favored a better understanding of the use of the spaces, and contributed for discussion about the environment what these users really need for a healthy development, including differences in related to gender, age and daytime. In spite of the studied outdoor areas being vast, pleasant and varied, it needs a better distribution of its equipments and a plan that allows greater children participation in the place organization

Otimização de metodologias para determinação de hidrocarbonetos policíclicos aromáticos:aplicação em água do Rio Potengi

This work aims to detect polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) through optimized analytical techniques, such as gas chromatography with flame-ionisation detector (CGFID), gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (CGMS), Fluorescence Spectroscopy of Molecular and Purpot of oils and greases (POG). Apply to chemometrics, Factorial Planning 23, in the preparation of samples by liquid-liquid extraction. The sample preparation was used for liquid-liquid extraction and factors in this sample was used for the application of factorial planning 23, such as the use of ultrasound, solvents (dichloromethane, hexane and chloroform) and ratio of solvent / synthetic sample. These factors were assigned two types of levels: positive and negative. It was used to form the cube to better analyze the answers. The responses of the eight combinations were obtained in reading the spectrofluorimetric. The optimization of equipment were used, and they served in the HPA's identification of the samples collected in Rio Potengi. The optimization of the equipment was observed every 16's and PAH in the samples was found that the HPA's came from contamination of the Rio Potengi. The contamination comes through organic household waste, hospital waste, and among other contamination that comes from industries that are installed around the River The factorial design of high validity, it was observed a more effective sample preparation. The factorial design of liquid-liquid extraction showed a way to spend less solvent in less time using an ideal solvent, but also a way to extract more analyte from the matrix itself is water. In planning a smaller form factor extraction was the use of ultrasound, the ratio 1:3 corresponding to a solvent and sample 3 and the best solvent was dichloromethane who presented a viable extraction, not discarding the possibility of using also the hexane. The chloroform and may be toxic not had a good extraction

Produtividade do arroz irrigado por aspersão em função do espaçamento e da densidade de semeadura

Com o objetivo de estudar o efeito de três espaçamentos entre fileiras (30, 40 e 50 cm) e três densidades de semeadura (100, 150 e 200 sementes viáveis/m²) sobre o desenvolvimento da planta, os componentes da produção e a produtividade do arroz irrigado por aspersão até a tensão de reposição de água de -0,070 MPa, foi instalado um experimento em condições de campo, em um Latossolo Vermelho-Escuro, epieutrófico, textura argilosa, em Selvíria, MS. A cultivar avaliada foi a IAC 201. Esta cultivar apresenta suscetibilidade ao acamamento, no sistema de irrigação por aspersão, até uma tensão de reposição de água, no solo, de -0,070 Mpa. O número de colmos e de panículas é incrementado com a redução do espaçamento. A densidade de 100 sementes/m² é a mais indicada para a cultivar IAC 201 irrigada por aspersão, por proporcionar menor gasto de sementes. O espaçamento de 30 cm entre fileiras de plantas proporciona maior produtividade de grãos da cultivar IAC 201 no sistema de irrigação por aspersão.

Model for determining flow diameter and economic velocity in water elevating systems

The purpose of this paper was to develop a model for calculating the economical flow diameter and velocity, by obtaining the economical diameter, using Swamee's friction factor equation, by minimizing the total annual cost. The application of the model to a regular supply condition showed that the diameter of the actual condition, 250 mm, compared with the diameter calculated by the mode, at the same tariff as that applied to the property ( ground), 284.1 mm, involved the necessity to generate, transmit, and distribute extra electrical energy, due to the higher load loss caused by the original diameter, approximately 30800 kWh/year. This means that in one year, the consumer would spend R$2,804.00 more on pumping cost alone.

Implementação da técnica de software pipelining na rede em chip IPNoSyS

Alongside the advances of technologies, embedded systems are increasingly present in our everyday. Due to increasing demand for functionalities, many tasks are split among processors, requiring more efficient communication architectures, such as networks on chip (NoC). The NoCs are structures that have routers with channel point-to-point interconnect the cores of system on chip (SoC), providing communication. There are several networks on chip in the literature, each with its specific characteristics. Among these, for this work was chosen the Integrated Processing System NoC (IPNoSyS) as a network on chip with different characteristics compared to general NoCs, because their routing components also accumulate processing function, ie, units have functional able to execute instructions. With this new model, packets are processed and routed by the router architecture. This work aims at improving the performance of applications that have repetition, since these applications spend more time in their execution, which occurs through repeated execution of his instructions. Thus, this work proposes to optimize the runtime of these structures by employing a technique of instruction-level parallelism, in order to optimize the resources offered by the architecture. The applications are tested on a dedicated simulator and the results compared with the original version of the architecture, which in turn, implements only packet level parallelism

Efeito da densidade na gaiola sobre o desempenho de poedeiras comerciais nas fases de cria, recria e produção

Um experimento foi realizado para se avaliar a influência das densidades da gaiola sobre o desempenho de poedeiras semi-pesadas em diferentes fases de criação (cria, recria e produção) e pesquisar seus efeitos sobre o desempenho das aves na fase seguinte. Na fase de cria (0 a 6 semanas), 804 pintinhas da linhagem Isa Brown foram distribuídas em gaiolas medindo 100 x 80 x 35 cm, em delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado, com quatro tratamentos (29, 32, 35 e 38 aves por gaiola ou 275,86; 250,00; 228,57 e 210,52 cm²/ave) e quatro repetições por tratamento. Não houve diferenças significativas para ganho de peso, consumo de ração, conversão alimentar e uniformidade nas densidades utilizadas na fase de cria. Na fase de recria (6 a 16 semanas), foram utilizadas 720 aves, alojadas em gaiolas medindo 100 x 50 x 50 cm, em delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado, com 12 tratamentos, distribuídos em esquema fatorial 4 x 3 (densidades na fases de cria e recria), correspondendo a 10, 12 e 14 aves por gaiola, ou seja, 500,00; 416,67 ou 357,14 cm²/ave, com quatro repetições. Não foram observadas diferenças significativas para ganho de peso, consumo de ração, conversão alimentar e uniformidade nas densidades utilizadas nesta fase. Na fase de produção, 540 aves foram alojadas em gaiolas com dimensões de 100 x 45 x 45 cm, em delineamento inteiramente ao acaso, com nove tratamentos, distribuídos em esquema fatorial 3 x 3 (densidades na recria e na produção), com 8, 10 e 12 aves por gaiola, correspondendo a 562,15; 450,00 e 375,00 cm²/ ave, com cinco repetições. Observaram-se efeitos significativos da densidade na gaiola apenas para peso dos ovos e consumo de ração. Para as condições de realização desta pesquisa, pode-se afirmar que as densidades utilizadas nas três fases de criação não prejudicaram os parâmetros de produção estudados.

Desafios e dificuldades do financiamento em saúde bucal: uma análise qualitativa

Os princípios de universalidade, integralidade e eqüidade do SUS só podem ser viabilizados com a construção de um modelo de financiamento flexível e transparente que permita o controle social e ofereça a agilidade no uso dos recursos. Este artigo analisa as dificuldades e desafios do financiamento da saúde bucal na ótica de gestores e técnicos da área. A coleta de dados ocorreu por meio de entrevistas, queforam gravadas e transcritas para análise qualitativa, preconizada por Bardin. As dificuldades relatadas pelos entrevistados foram expressas em frases como: Procuro cumprir a agenda, porém muita coisa não consegui devido à falta de recursos, não se sabe o quanto pode gastar, escassez de recursos para procedimentos de média e grande complexidades, falta de recurso para troca de equipamento e prioridade para compra de materiais. No que tange aos desafios foi relatada a necessidade de capacitação, formação e organização dos recursos humanos em saúde pública. Observa-se a dificuldade na realização completa do plano previsto de gestão, assim como a necessidade de compromisso por parte dos gestores em acompanhar as etapas de todo processo de repasse financeiro e aplicação do mesmo.

The effect of hunger level on predation dynamics in the spider Nesticodes rufipes: a functional response study

It is well known that a predator has the potential to regulate a prey population only if the predator responds to increases in prey density and inflicts greater mortality rates. Predators may cause such density-dependent mortality depending on the nature of the functional and numerical responses. As spiders are usually faced with a shortage of prey, the killing behavior of the spider Nesticodes rufipes at varying densities of Musca domestica was examined here through laboratory functional response experiments where spiders were deprived of food for 5 (well-fed) or 20 days (hungry). An additional laboratory experiment was also carried out to assess handling time of spiders. The number of prey killed by spiders over 24- and 168-h periods of predator-prey interaction was recorded. Logistic regression analyses revealed the type II functional response for both well-fed and hungry spiders. We found that the lower predation of hungry spiders during the first hours of experimentation was offset later by an increase in predation ( explained by estimated handling times), resulting in similarity of functional response curves for well-fed and hungry spiders. It was also observed that the higher number of prey killed by well-fed spiders over a 24- h period of spider-prey interaction probably occurred due to their greater weights than hungry spiders. We concluded that hungry spiders may be more voracious than well-fed spiders only over longer time periods, since hungry spiders may spend more time handling their first prey items than well-fed spiders.

Perfil do nível de atividade física na vida diária de pacientes portadores de DPOC no Brasil

Objective: To evaluate characteristics of physical activities in daily life in COPD patients in Brazil, correlating those Characteristics with physiological variables. Methods: Physical activities in daily life were evaluated in 40 COPD patients (18 males; 66 +/- 8 years of age; FEV(1) = 46 +/- 16 % of predicted; body mass index = 27 +/- 6 kg/m(2)) and 30 healthy age- and gender-matched subjects, using a multiaxial accelerometer-based sensor for 12 h/day on two consecutive days. We also assessed maximal and functional exercise capacity, using the incremental exercise test and the six-minute walk test (6MWT), respectively; MIP and MEP; peripheral muscle force, using the one-repetition maximum test and the handgrip test; quality of life, using the Saint George's Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ); functional status, using the London Chest Activity of Daily Living questionnaire; and dyspnea sensation, using the Medical Research Council (MRC) scale. Results: Mean walking time/day was shorter for COPD patients than for the controls (55 +/- 33 vs. 80 +/- 28 min/day; p = 0.001), as movement intensity was lower (1.9 +/- 0.4 vs. 2.3 +/- 0.6 m/s(2); p = 0.004). The COPD patients also tended to spend more time seated (294 +/- 114 vs. 246 +/- 122 min/day, p = 0.08). Walking time/day correlated with the 6MWT (r = 0.42; p = 0.007) and maximal workload (r = 0.41; p = 0.009), as well as with age, MRC scale score and SGRQ activity domain score (-0.31 <= r <= -0.43; p <= 0.05 for all). Conclusions: This sample of Brazilian patients with COPD, although more active than those evaluated in studies conducted in Europe, were less active than were the controls. Walking time/day correlated only moderately with maximal and functional exercise capacity.

The effects of propolis on antibody production by laying hens

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Bird attributes, plant characteristics, and seed dispersal of Pera glabrata (Schott, 1858), (Euphorbiaceae) in a disturbed cerrado area

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Foraging activity and resource use by three parrotfish species at Fernando de Noronha Archipelago, tropical West Atlantic

Parrotfishes are important components of the herbivore and detritivore guilds of tropical and subtropical reefs. Most of parrotfish species are protogynous hermaphrodites that change colour and sex, from initial phase females or males (IP) to terminal phase males (TP). We studied the foraging behaviour of Sparisoma amplum, S. axillare and S. frondosum, three syntopic scarids on the rocky reefs of Fernando de Noronha Archipelago, Tropical West Atlantic. The three parrotfish species differed in food selection and preference, but IP and TP individuals of the same species preferred the same food types, except for S. amplum. Feeding rates of IP individuals were higher than those of TP individuals, but the distribution of feeding frequencies throughout the day of IP and TP individuals of the same species was similar. IP individuals had higher feeding rates than TP ones, which seems related to the fact that TP individuals spend a large amount of time patrolling their territories and chasing away conspecific individuals at the study site. The general foraging pattern we found for S. amplum, S. axillare and S. frondosum is similar to patterns found for other parrotfish species in the Western Atlantic.

Use of Fruit Essential Oils to Assist Forest Regeneration by Bats

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Effect of organic selenium and zinc on the performance and egg quality of Japanese quails

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Aspectos nutricionais do futebol de competição

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)