A new firefly luciferase with bimodal spectrum: Identification of structural determinants of spectral pH-sensitivity in firefly luciferases

Fireflies emit flashes in the green-yellow region of the spectrum for the purpose of sexual attraction. The bioluminescence color is determined by the luciferases. It is well known that the in vitro bioluminescence color of firefly luciferases can be shifted toward the red by lower pH and higher temperature; for this reason they are classified as pH-sensitive luciferases. However, the mechanism and structural origin of pH sensitivity in fireflies remains unknown. Here we report the cloning of a new luciferase from the Brazilian twilight active firefly Macrolampis sp2, which displays an unusual bimodal spectrum. The recombinant luciferase displays a sensitive spectrum with the peak at 569 nm and a shoulder in the red region. Comparison of the bioluminescence spectra of Macrolampis, Photinus and Cratomorphus firefly luciferases shows that the distinct colors are determined by the ratio between green and red emitters under luciferase influence. Comparison of Macrolampis luciferase with the highly similar North American Photinus pyralis luciferase (91%) showed few substitutions potentially involved with the higher spectral sensitivity in Macrolampis luciferase. Site-directed mutagenesis showed that the natural substitution E354N determines the appearance of the shoulder in the red region of Macrolampis luciferase bioluminescence spectrum, helping to identify important interactions and residues involved in the pH-sensing mechanism in firefly luciferases. © 2005 American Society for Photobiology.

Subjective, cardiovascular and EMG spectral recovery after lumbar extension exhaustion test

The purpose of this randomized study was to evaluate EMG spectral, subjective and cardiovascular recovery parameters after isometric lumbar extension contractions. Ten healthy women performed isometric lumbar extensions until exhaustion with 5%, 10%, 15% and 20% of maximal voluntary isometric contraction on 4 different days (random order). One baseline five second contraction was performed before the fatiguing task which was followed by eight submaximal five second extension contractions (until 20 minutes after the end of the fatiguing task) at the same intensity as the trial to evaluate muscle recovery. EMG (Median Frequency, Peak Power, Peak Power Frequency, Total Power and Zero-crossing Rate) and cardiovascular variables did not demonstrate any statistical difference between the 5-second contractions (p > 0.05) performed before and after the fatiguing task, showing a quick EMG recovery. However, the data analysis showed that the perceived effort variable had not recovered even 10 minutes after the fatigue contraction (p < 0.05). Our results represent a data basis for future comparisons and since subjective felling can affect performance, this study shows the importance of its analysis, since the subjective effort rate was not fully recovered after 10 minutes the end of the exhaustion contraction. © 2008 IOS Press. All rights reserved.

Spectral analysis and low-frequency multipath mitigation for kinematic applications

Low-frequency multipath is still one of the major challenges for high precision GPS relative positioning. In kinematic applications, mainly, due to geometry changes, the low-frequency multipath is difficult to be removed or modeled. Spectral analysis has a powerful technique to analyze this kind of non-stationary signals: the wavelet transform. However, some processes and specific ways of processing are necessary to work together in order to detect and efficiently mitigate low-frequency multipath. In this paper, these processes are discussed. Some experiments were carried out in a kinematic mode with a controlled and known vehicle movement. The data were collected in the presence of a reflector surface placed close to the vehicle to cause, mainly, low-frequency multipath. From theanalyses realized, the results in terms of double difference residuals and statistical tests showed that the proposed methodology is very efficient to detect and mitigate low-frequency multipath effects. © 2008 IEEE.

Análise de séries temporais de coordenadas estimadas com gps: Uma proposta metodológica para detecção, remoção e recuperação de efeitos sazonais

GPS active networks are more and more used in geodetic surveying and scientific experiments, as water vapor monitoring in the atmosphere and lithosphere plate movement. Among the methods of GPS positioning, Precise Point Positioning (PPP) has provided very good results. A characteristic of PPP is related to the modeling and / or estimation of the errors involved in this method. The accuracy obtained for the coordinates can reach few millimeters. Seasonal effects can affect such accuracy if they are not consistent treated during the data processing. Coordinates time series analyses have been realized using Fourier or Harmonics spectral analyses, wavelets, least squares estimation among others. An approach is presented in this paper aiming to investigate the seasonal effects included in the stations coordinates time series. Experiments were carried out using data from stations Manaus (NAUS) and Fortaleza (BRFT) which belong to the Brazilian Continuous GPS Network (RBMC). The coordinates of these stations were estimated daily using PPP and were analyzed through wavelets for identification of the periods of the seasonal effects (annual and semi-annual) in each time series. These effects were removed by means of a filtering process applied in the series via the least squares adjustment (LSQ) of a periodic function. The results showed that the combination of these two mathematical tools, wavelets and LSQ, is an interesting and efficient technique for removal of seasonal effects in time series.

Experimental observation of infrared spectral enlargement in As 2S3 suspended core microstructured fiber

The development of chalcogenide glasses fibers for application in the infrared wavelength region between 1 and 10 μm is a big opportunity. More particularly, the possibility to generate efficient non linear effects above 2 μm is a real challenge. We present in this work the elaboration and optical characterizations of suspended core microstructured optical fibers elaborated from the As2S3 chalcogenide glass. As an alternative to the stack and draw process a mechanical machining has been used to the elaboration of the preforms. The drawing of these preforms into fibers allows reaching a suspended core geometry, in which a 2.5 μm diameter core is linked to the fiber clad region by three supporting struts. The zero dispersion wavelength is thus shifted towards 2 μm. At 1.55 μm our fibers exhibit a dispersion around -250 ps/nm/km. Their background level of losses is below 0,5 dB/m. By pumping them at 1.55 μm with a ps source, we observe self phase modulation as well as Raman generation. Finally a strong spectral enlargement is obtained with an average output power of - 5 dbm. © 2010 SPIE.

Szego{double acute} and para-orthogonal polynomials on the real line: Zeros and canonical spectral transformations

We study polynomials which satisfy the same recurrence relation as the Szego{double acute} polynomials, however, with the restriction that the (reflection) coefficients in the recurrence are larger than one in modulus. Para-orthogonal polynomials that follow from these Szego{double acute} polynomials are also considered. With positive values for the reflection coefficients, zeros of the Szego{double acute} polynomials, para-orthogonal polynomials and associated quadrature rules are also studied. Finally, again with positive values for the reflection coefficients, interlacing properties of the Szego{double acute} polynomials and polynomials arising from canonical spectral transformations are obtained. © 2012 American Mathematical Society.

Preparação e aplicação eletroanalítica de complexos metálicos formados a partir de titânio (IV) e ácido fosfórico seguindo uma nova rota de síntese

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Dispersão das ondas de Rayleigh na Plataforma Sulamericana

Este trabalho representa um estudo de dispersão da componente vertical da onda de superfície de Rayleigh com trajetórias na plataforma Sulamericana. Os registros utilizados são provenientes das estações localizadas no território Brasileiro; sendo a do Rio de Janeiro (RDJ), a de Brasília (BDF), a de Caicó (CAI) e a de Belém (BEB), pois estas são as únicas estações sismológicas no Brasil que têm sensores de período longo e que servem para o estudo de dispersão no intervalo de 4 a 50 segundos, aqui realizados. Os terremotos utilizados estão localizados ao longo da parte leste da cadeia Andina e dentro da plataforma Sulamericana com trajetórias tipicamente continental. Foram selecionados 34 eventos com a utilização dos seguintes critérios práticos: a localização, a magnitude m_b e a profundidade, ocorridos durante o período de Janeiro de 1978 até Junho de 1987. O estudo de dispersão aqui abordado significa a determinação da velocidade de grupo e das amplitudes espectrais correspondentes aos harmônicos fundamental e primeiro superior. Normalmente os harmônicos de ordem segunda ou maior são raramente disponíveis na observação. Dois tipos de medidas foram feitas: (i) velocidade de grupo vs. período e (ii) amplitude vs. período. Os estudos de dispersão são fundamentais para determinação da estrutura da crosta e manto superior que estão diretamente relacionados com os fenômenos geológicos. Neste trabalho, regionalização é definida como a identificação das diferentes formas de curvas de dispersão, que estão relacionadas com as trajetórias epicentro-estação ao longo da plataforma Sulamericana e que venham ter uma correlação geológica como está descrito no item 4.3 deste trabalho. A distribuição dos epicentros se faz desde o extremo sul da Argentina até o extremo norte da Venezuela, objetivando iniciar com este trabalho uma sistemática voltada aos estudos de regionalização da plataforma Sulamericana na nossa instituição. Neste trabalho foram observados três tipos distintos de curvas em 27 trajetórias e agrupadas por famílias 1,2 e 3 respectivamente, onde procurou-se correlacionar suas diferentes formas com a geologia regional da plataforma Sulamericana. A obtenção da curva de dispersão foi feita através da técnica do filtro múltiplo (Dziewonski et al, 1969). Este filtro tem a propriedade de separar os harmônicos através das suas velocidades de grupo para cada frequência selecionada, e também de recuperar as amplitudes características dos harmônicos (Herrmann, 1973). O desenvolvimento teórico do filtro bem como suas limitações e forma de uso são tratados por Dziewonski et al (1972). Como parte do trabalho há a implantação, adaptações e o desenvolvimento de parte do fluxograma do filtro múltiplo, bem como a estruturação da digitalização dos dados para o processamento e interpretação não-automática dos resultados do processamento.

Interpretação de perfis dos carbonatos fraturados da Bacia do Pará-Maranhão

A finalidade deste trabalho é apresentar um estudo de caso dos carbonatos terciários da bacia do Pará-Maranhão, do ponto de vista da interpretação dos perfis registrados nessa área. Dois poços-chave, X e Y, foram escolhidos para o estudo. O tratamento dos dados foi realizado utilizando os recursos do programa LOGCALC, instalado no computador IBM-3090, da Petrobrás, e, também, o sistema DLPS, instalado no VAX-8600, da Universidade Federal de Pará. A avaliação da porosidade e, principalmente, das saturações, é dificultada pelas características não-convencionais dos carbonatos. A litologia é complexa, a salinidade da água de formação é relativamente baixa, em torno de 10.000 ppm de NaCl, a densidade das rochas é elevada e os carbonatos estão fraturados. Para diminuir o efeito da composição mineralógica, foi necessário discriminar os diferentes tipos litológicos. Três tipos de carbonatos foram identificados: calcário, calcário arenoso e calcário dolomitizado. A identificação litológica permite maior controle dos parâmetros da matriz e dos expoentes de porosidade das rochas, conduzindo a estimativas de porosidade e de saturações mais confiáveis. A presença de fraturas influencia, marcadamente, a resposta dos perfis, conforme pode ser notado no perfil de identificação de fraturas, nos perfis de resistividade, de densidade e na curva de raios-gama espectral do poço X. O expoente de porosidade, m, tomado do gráfico de Pickett, é frequentemente inferior a 1,5, valor considerado inerente a rochas fraturadas. Os modelos de Rasmus (1983) e de Porter et al.(1969), foram testados para calcular as saturações de água e óleo. A equação tradicional de Archie (1942), com a e m apropriados, também foi aplicada neste trabalho. O esquema para estimativa de saturações que conduz a resultados mais coerentes com os dados dos testes de formação, nos intervalos fraturados, é a saturação de Rasmus, calculada com a relação de Archie aplicada com o expoente de porosidade variável, tomado do modelo de Rasmus.

Effects of catecholamines on volemic replacement with saline solution and the impact on heart rate variability in rabbits subjected to hemorrhage. A study by spectral analysis

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

A Comparative Analysis of In-Medium Spectral Functions for N(940) and N (au)(1535) in Real-Time Thermal Field Theory

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Tsukamoto s Theorem in Characteristic two

In this paper it is proved that hermitian forms over quaternion division algebras over local fields of characteristic two are classified by their dimension and discriminant.

Towards the development of fiber lasers for the 2 to 4 nanom spectral region

A growing number of applications are calling for compact laser sources operating in the mid-infrared spectral region. A review of our recent work on monolithic fiber lasers (FL) based either on the use of rare-earth fluoride fibers or on Raman gain in both fluoride and chalcogenide glass fibers is presented. Accordingly, an erbium-doped double clad fluoride glass all-FL operating in the vicinity of 3 μm is shown. In addition, we present recent results on the first demonstrations of both fluoride and chalcogenide Raman fiber lasers operating at 2.23 and 3.34 μm, respectively. It is shown that based on this approach, monolithic FLs could be developed to cover the whole 2 to 4 μm spectral band.

Preparação pelo método poliol modificado, caracterização estrutural e espectroscópia de nanopós de niobato de potássio e neodímio e de suas condições sólidas dopadas em európio

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Physical and mechanical characteristic of particleboards produced with residues of sugarcane and stem leaves of bamboo bonded with castor oil adhesive

In this research the aim was produce a particleboard with alternative materials and evaluated its physical and mechanical characteristics. The raw materials used are residues from sucarcane bagasse (SC) (Saccharum officinarum) and stem leaves of bamboo (B) (Dendrocalamus giganteus), bonded with a bi component adhesive based on castor oil. It was produced particleboards with five different traces: 100% SC, 75% SC+25% B, 50% SC+50% B, 25% SC +75%B and 100 % B. Their physical and mechanical characteristics were evaluated accordingly to Brazilian standard NBR 14810-3. Regarding the results obtained, it can be detached that for physical and mechanical evaluation it is evident a negative relation among the amount the sugarcane bagasse and their physical and mechanical characteristics, that is particleboards with low concentrations of sugarcane bagasse had better results. However all particleboards could be recommended for use as sealing particleboards in the segment of civil construction.