Meteorological measurements from 8 dropsondes released during POLAR 4 flight on 1993-03-04 along a track orthogonal to the pack ice edge north west of Svalbard

Different parameterizations of subgrid-scale fluxes are utilized in a nonhydrostatic and anelastic mesoscale model to study their influence on simulated Arctic cold air outbreaks. A local closure, a profile closure and two nonlocal closure schemes are applied, including an improved scheme, which is based on other nonlocal closures. It accounts for continuous subgrid-scale fluxes at the top of the surface layer and a continuous Prandtl number with respect to stratification. In the limit of neutral stratification the improved scheme gives eddy diffusivities similar to other parameterizations, whereas for strong unstable stratifications they become much larger and thus turbulent transports are more efficient. It is shown by comparison of model results with observations that the application of simple nonlocal closure schemes results in a more realistic simulation of a convective boundary layer than that of a local or a profile closure scheme. Improvements are due to the nonlocal formulation of the eddy diffusivities and to the inclusion of heat transport, which is independent of local gradients (countergradient transport).

Sedimentology on cores off Filchner Shelf Ice, Weddell Sea, Antarctica

Sediment sampling with box corer and gravity corer was conducted along a profile parallel to the Filchner/Rønne Ice Shelf, from 48° to 61°W. Twenty-two sampling locations were determined after evaluation of 12 and 3.5 kHz sub-bottom profiling records. The sediment retrievals show a wide diversity, varying from very well sorted pure sands in the SE of the profile to heavily glacially influenced, pebbly muds close to the foot of the Antarctic Peninsula. In the middle part of the profile mainly soft sediments of muddy to sandy muds were found which were partially influenced by glacially derived dropstones or accumulations of pebble-sized material. The striking changes of surface sediments (marine to glacial) observed along the profile led to an attempt to investigate the concurrence of marine and glacial depositional processes controlling the accumulation of these recent sediments.

Studies on the ice age in India and associated human cultures,

"Literature references": p. 337-340.

Abominable snowmen: legend come to life; the story of sub-humans on five continents from the early ice age until today.

Includes bibliography.

Winter (Amusement on the Ice)

Adriaen van de Venne; 5 3/4 in.x 1 ft. 2 39/64 in.; oil on panel

Bibliography on snow, ice and permafrost, with abstracts.

Description based on: Cumulative index: vols. 1-17.

The magic surface, a discussion on the remarkable sliding quality of ice.

Bibliography: p. 71-72.

Study of natural forces acting on floating ice fields /

Mode of access: Internet.

Household refrigeration : a complete treatise on the principles, types, construction, and operation of both ice and mechanically cooled domestic refrigerators, and the use of ice and refrigeration in the home /

Includes index.

A peep at the Esquimaux; or, Scenes on the ice. With forty coloured plates, from original designs.

Attributed to Mary Love.

Ice breaker vessels for the Coast Guard : hearings before the Committee on Merchant Marine and Fisheries, House of Representatives, Seventy-fourth Congress, first[-second] session.

Schuyler O. Bland, chairman; Lindsay C. Warren, presiding April 2, 1935.

Ray Freeland of Harbor Springs with his homemade "Dragonfly" ice sled on Little Traverse Bay

verso: Ray is still living in Harbor Springs