Income instability, mobility and distribution in Argentina

Includes bibliography

Immunoexpression of aromatase and estrogen receptors β in stem spermatogonia of bullfrogs indicates a role of estrogen in the seasonal spermatogonial mitotic activity

Bullfrog stem spermatogonia, also named primordial germ cells (PGCs), show strong testosterone immunolabeling in winter, but no or weak testosterone immunoexpression in summer. Thus, the role of testosterone in these cells needs to be clarified. In this study, we proposed to evaluate whether PGCs express aromatase and estrogen receptors, and verify a possible role of estrogen in PGCs seasonal proliferation. Testes of male adult bullfrogs, collected in winter (WG) and summer (SG), were fixed and embedded in historesin, for quantitative analysis, or paraffin for immunohistochemistry (IHC). The number of haematoxylin/eosin stained PGCs/lobular area was obtained. Proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), aromatase, estrogen receptor β (ERβ) and PCNA/ERβ double immunolabeling were detected by IHC. The number of PCNA-positive PGCs and the histological score (HSCORE) of aromatase and ERβ immunolabeled PGCs were obtained. Although the number of PGCs increased significantly in WG, a high number of PCNA-positive PGCs was observed in summer. Moreover, aromatase and ERβ HSCORE was higher in SG than WG. The results indicate that PGCs express a seasonal proliferative activity; the low mitotic activity in winter is related to the maximal limit of germ cells which can be supported in the large lobules. In SG, the increased ERβ and aromatase HSCORE suggests that testosterone is converted into estrogen from winter to summer. Moreover, the parallelism between the high PGCs mitotic activity and ERβ immunoexpression suggest a participation of estrogen in the control of the PGCs seasonal proliferative activity which guarantee the formation of new germ cysts from summer to next autumn. © 2012 Elsevier Inc.

Ferroelectric and structural instability of (Pb,Ca)TiO3 thin films prepared in an oxygen atmosphere and deposited on LSCO thin films which act as a buffer layer

Structural, microstructural and ferroelectric properties of Pb0.90Ca0.10TiO3 (PCT10) thin films deposited using La0.50Sr0.50CoO3 (LSCO) thin films which serve only as a buffer layer were compared with properties of the thin films grown using a platinum-coated silicon substrate. LSCO and PCT10 thin films were grown using the chemical solution deposition method and heat-treated in an oxygen atmosphere at 700 °C and 650 °C in a tube oven, respectively. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Raman spectroscopy results showed that PCT10 thin films deposited directly on a platinum-coated silicon substrate exhibit a strong tetragonal character while thin films with the LSCO buffer layer displayed a smaller tetragonal character. Surface morphology observations by atomic force microscopy (AFM) revealed that PCT10 thin films with a LSCO buffer layer had a smoother surface and smaller grain size compared with thin films grown on a platinum-coated silicon substrate. Additionally, the capacitance versus voltage curves and hysteresis loop measurement indicated that the degree of polarization decreased for PCT10 thin films on a LSCO buffer layer compared with PCT10 thin films deposited directly on a platinum-coated silicon substrate. This phenomenon can be described as the smaller shift off-center of Ti atoms along the c-direction 〈001〉 inside the TiO6 octahedron unit due to the reduction of lattice parameters. Remnant polarization (P r ) values are about 30 μC/cm2 and 12 μC/cm2 for PCT10/Pt and PCT10/LSCO thin films, respectively. Results showed that the LSCO buffer layer strongly influenced the structural, microstructural and ferroelectric properties of PCT10 thin films. © 2013 Elsevier Ltd and Techna Group S.r.l.

Political instability, institutional quality and social conflict in the Andes

Includes bibliography

Index of political instability in Brazil, 1889-2009

This article aims to develop an index of political instability (ins) in Brazil between 1889 and 2009, reflecting a wide-ranging set of multiple phenomena that represent conflicts between the different social groups. By presenting different definitions of what is understood by political instability in the economics literature and by using multiple historical events —coups d’état, civil conflicts, constitutional or unconstitutional overthrow and changes in the composition of 50% of the ministerial cabinet— different indicators are obtained which are then synthesized into a single index using the principal component technique, to obtain an ins for Brazil between 1889 and 2009.

Genetic Instability Persists in Non-Neoplastic Urothelial Cells from Patients with a History of Urothelial Cell Carcinoma

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Association among XRCC1, XRCC3, and BLHX gene polymorphisms and chromosome instability in lymphocytes from patients with endometriosis and ovarian cancer

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Quantum versus classical instability of scalar fields in curved backgrounds

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Social instability promotes hormone-behavior associated patterns in a cichlid fish

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Instability of nonminimally coupled scalar fields in the spacetime of slowly rotating compact objects

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Location of 45S Ribosomal Genes in Mitotic and Meiotic Chromosomes of Buthid Scorpions

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Mitotic and meiotic chromosomes of Tityus mattogrossensis and Tityus silvestris (Scorpiones, Buthidae)

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

From quantum to classical instability in relativistic stars

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)