La participación política de los residentes británicos y alemanes en España: el caso de San Miguel de Salinas, Alicante

Este estudio se fija en los ciudadanos noreuropeos asentados en la provincia mediterránea de Alicante que tienen un estatus más cercano al de un inmigrante que al de un turista. La importancia que ha cobrado esta corriente inmigratoria ha provocado cambios profundos en muchos municipios. El objetivo es estudiar el papel político de estos ciudadanos en aquellas regiones en las que su presencia es más significativa. El análisis se basa en datos demográficos y de participación en las elecciones municipales de 2011 y en un trabajo cualitativo que ahonda en la comprensión de los procesos informales de participación política. El hecho de que la influencia de los residentes noreuropeos en las instituciones políticas locales no haya crecido al mismo ritmo que su peso demográfico se debe tanto al desinterés de los extranjeros por participar en la vida pública como al interés de las élites políticas por desincentivar dicha participación.

La movilidad social de los emigrantes españoles en Europa

La migración española de la segunda mitad del siglo XX se ha caracterizado en un primer momento por su carácter masivo y poco cualificado, seguido por un interregno de procesos de retorno y finalmente por una migración estable, no masiva pero altamente cualificada. La atención prestada a la inmigración masiva que recibe España a finales del siglo XX relegó a un segundo plano esta emigración cualificada de españoles. En este artículo se considera la relación entre movilidad espacial (migración de españoles) y su posible consecuencia sobre la movilidad social ascendente que experimentan. Para ello se utilizan los datos procedentes de la encuesta internacional EIMSS (European Internal Migrations Social Survey) y los procedimientos de escalamiento de clase social basados en la ocupación de Goldthorpe. El análisis se complementa con una simulación sobre la movilidad de clase, con la finalidad de visualizar y comparar los efectos sobre la movilidad social de la emigración de españoles a Francia, Alemania, Italia y Gran Bretaña.

La emigración cualificada española en Francia y Alemania

A pesar del interés que despierta el fenómeno de las migraciones cualificadas, es difícil encontrar datos que permitan realizar un análisis detallado de los factores que condicionan la movilidad. El caso español constituye un ejemplo de la modificación cualitativa en la composición de las migraciones de sur a norte en Europa tras el ingreso en la Comunidad Económica Europea. No se produjeron migraciones masivas de trabajadores sin cualificación; sin embargo, sí se alteró drásticamente su composición: la migración no cualificada fue sustituida por migración cualificada de España a Alemania y Francia. Esta migración queda ocultada por la llegada masiva de inmigrantes a España. Empleando los datos de la encuesta EIMSS, se analizan las diferencias de las condiciones de egreso y movilidad entre los dos tipos de migrantes, cualificados y no cualificados.

La integración cultural y social en las migraciones intraeuropeas

Cuando un migrante llega a una sociedad distinta, debe elegir cómo vivir en ella. En esta elección cuentan su pasado, su presente y especialmente su futuro en términos de expectativas de movilidad. Comprender cómo viven los residentes extranjeros en su país de destino implica considerar conceptos clave como procesos de socialización, shock cultural, competencia intercultural o procesos de aculturación que implican aprender nuevas competencias culturales. A partir de los datos de la Encuesta Social de Migraciones Internas Europeas (EIMSS) este trabajo se centra en el análisis de dos dimensiones, la integración cultural y la integración social, que van a caracterizar el modo en que los migrantes europeos viven en su nuevo entorno social, y su relación con la percepción de la discriminación que tiene el migrante o su adaptación psicológica, en términos de nostalgia y satisfacción con la vida.

Inmigración y globalización: una aproximación desde los medios de comunicación escritos españoles

Pretendemos mostrar qué tipo de representación social del inmigrante y/o la inmigración proporciona la prensa española y comprobar hasta qué punto ésta puede construir y alimentar imaginarios que hagan muy difícil la práctica de la interculturalidad. Queremos analizar el grado en el que nuestras ciudades globales se rigen aún por coordenadas locales y territoriales o si, por el contrario, la llegada de inmigrantes está trayendo consigo un nuevo concepto de ciudadano y de identidad cultural. Nos interesa, en definitiva, explorar qué modelo de identidad transmiten y consolidan los medios de comunicación y si éste sirve para fomentar el diálogo entre culturas o si, por el contrario, está contribuyendo a perpetuar la brecha entre el “nosotros” y el “ellos”.

An Exploration of the challenges associated with software logging in large systems

Thesis (Master, Computing) -- Queen's University, 2016-05-29 18:11:34.114

From Lampedusa to the Post-Stockholm Programme: Difficult European solidarity in the field of migration. European Policy Brief No. 24, March 2014

Solidarity is a founding principle of the European migration policy. To hold true, Member States must be faithful to their common commitment to European migration rules and implement fair burden sharing of the costs attached to border controls. However, solidarity among Member States appears altogether fragile and under threat, a situation that could jeopardise the founding principle of the free movement of persons in the European Union’s space. The recent solidarity crisis among Member States was solved by an increased externalisation of the European migration policy. Consequently, for the EU to live up to its values, it will have to prove itself generous towards third countries.

Swiss Migration Partnerships

Workshop "Fostering the nexus of migration, human rights, trade and investment for development" Introductory note on Swiss Migrations Partnerships and the possibilities for fostering the nexus of migration, human rights, trade and investment for more development This presentation was held during a workshop "Fostering the nexus of migration, human rights, trade and investment for development".

Oxygen and carbon isotopic composition of benthic and planktonic foraminifers at DSDP Site 610

A record of carbon and oxygen isotopes in benthic and planktonic foraminifers has been obtained from the interval corresponding to the last 2.4 m.y. of Site 610, Holes 610 and 610A, with a sample resolution of about 30 kyr. The record from the late Quaternary (<0.9 Ma) shows large amplitudes and high frequencies in oxygen isotopic variation. Prior to 0.9 Ma the isotopic variability record is reduced in amplitude (but not in frequency) compared with the late Quaternary, suggesting lower ice-volume and climatic fluctuations, and higher average eustatic sea level. Left-coiling (L, polar) Neogloboquadrinapachyderma were not found in samples between 1.0 and 2.2 Ma, indicating less influence of polar front migrations in the Northeast Atlantic. Both polar planktonic faunas and larger isotope fluctuations reappear in the lowermost samples (2.3 to 2.4 Ma), pointing toward a period of larger climatic variability in the late Pliocene than in the early Quaternary. The variation in benthic d13C and hence in deep-water d13C seems to have been constant through the analyzed section, reflecting a stable variability in the production of North Atlantic Deep Water (NADW) and possibly in Norwegian-Greenland Sea Overflow. Preliminary analyses of amino-acid epimerization in N. pachyderma (L) indicate a constant rate of epimerization to approximately 0.3 Ma. Beneath this level the average epimerization rate is much reduced.

Productive parameters of seawater and epipelagic plankton and mesozooplankton biomass at stations of R/V Akademik Mstislav Keldysh during 1994-1998

Calculated and measured estimations of biomass of small (<3 mm), large (3-30 mm), and total zooplankton were verified (compared). These integral parameters of epipelagic communities were estimated by two methods. We used previously obtained regression equations, which correlate these parameters with water transparency. Measured values of aforesaid parameters were compared with their mean values in waters of different productivity estimated from NASA satellite maps. We compared data collected at fifteen stations in September-December in regions of different productivity in the North Atlantic. In warm regions (to the south of 40°N) measured and calculated values coincide well. In boreal regions in autumn bulk of mesozooplankton descends to deep layers due to seasonal migrations; hence correlation between measured and calculated values is disrupted. It is evident that correlation between water transparency and mesozooplankton biomass (integral index of water productivity) obtained before should be corrected for seasonal variations.

Stable carbon isotope ratios of alkane of IODP Hole 302-M0004A

The Palaeocene/Eocene thermal maximum represents a period of rapid, extreme global warming approx ~55 million years ago, superimposed on an already warm world (Zachos et al., 2003, doi:10.1126/science.1090110; Bowen et al., 2004, doi:10.1038/nature03115; Thomas et al., 2002, doi:10.1130/0091-7613(2002)030<1067:WTFFTF>2.0.CO;2). This warming is associated with a severe shoaling of the ocean calcite compensation depth **4 and a >2.5 per mil negative carbon isotope excursion in marine and soil carbonates (Zachos et al., 2003, doi:10.1126/science.1090110; Bowen et al., 2004, doi:10.1038/nature03115; Thomas et al., 2002, doi:10.1130/0091-7613(2002)030<1067:WTFFTF>2.0.CO;2; Zachos et al., doi:10.1126/science.1109004). Together these observations indicate a massive release of 13C-depleted carbon (Zachos et al., doi:10.1126/science.1109004) and greenhouse-gas-induced warming. Recently, sediments were recovered from the central Arctic Ocean (Backman et al., 2006, doi:10.2204/iodp.proc.302.2006), providing the first opportunity to evaluate the environmental response at the North Pole at this time. Here we present stable hydrogen and carbon isotope measurements of terrestrial-plant- and aquatic-derived n-alkanes that record changes in hydrology, including surface water salinity and precipitation, and the global carbon cycle. Hydrogen isotope records are interpreted as documenting decreased rainout during moisture transport from lower latitudes and increased moisture delivery to the Arctic at the onset of the Palaeocene/Eocene thermal maximum, consistent with predictions of poleward storm track migrations during global warming (Backman et al., 2006, doi:10.2204/iodp.proc.302.2006). The terrestrial-plant carbon isotope excursion (about ~4.5 to ~6 per mil) is substantially larger than those of marine carbonates. Previously, this offset was explained by the physiological response of plants to increases in surface humidity (Bowen et al., 2004, doi:10.1038/nature03115). But this mechanism is not an effective explanation in this wet Arctic setting, leading us to hypothesize that the true magnitude of the excursion - and associated carbon input - was greater than originally surmised. Greater carbon release and strong hydrological cycle feedbacks may help explain the maintenance of this unprecedented warmth.of this unprecedented warmth.

Benthic foraminiferal assemblages and epifaunal isotope record of the Agulhas Plateau

Benthic foraminiferal assemblages and the carbon isotope composition of the epifaunal benthic foraminifera Epistominella exigua and Fontbotia wuellerstorfi have been investigated along core MD02-2589 located at the southern Agulhas Plateau (41°26.03'S, 25°15.30'E, 2660 m water depth). This study aims to evaluate changes in the benthic paleoenvironment and its influence on benthic d13C with a notable focus on E. exigua, a species associated with phytodetritus deposits and poorly studied in isotope paleoceanographic reconstructions. The benthic foraminiferal assemblages (>63 µm) show large fluctuations in species composition suggesting significant changes in the pattern of ocean surface productivity conceivably related to migrations of the Subtropical Convergence (STC) and Subantarctic Front (SAF). Low to moderate seasonality and relatively higher food supply to the seafloor are indicated during glacial marine isotope stages (MIS) 6, 4, and 2 and during MIS 3, probably associated with the northward migration of the SAF and confluence with the more stationary STC above the southern flank of the Agulhas Plateau. The lowest organic carbon supply to the seafloor is indicated from late MIS 5b to MIS 4 as a consequence of increased influence of the Agulhas Front (AF) and/or weakening of the influence of the STC over the region. Episodic delivery of fresh organic matter, similar to modern conditions at the core location, is indicated during MIS 5c-MIS 5e and at Termination I. Comparison of this paleoenvironmental information with the paired d13C records of E. exigua and F. wuellerstorfi suggests that organic carbon offsets d13C of E. exigua from ambient bottom water d13CDIC, while its d13C amplitude, on glacial-interglacial timescales, does not seem affected by changes of organic carbon supply to the seafloor. This suggests that this species calcifies preferentially during the short time span of the year when productivity peaks and phytodetritus is delivered to the seafloor. Therefore E. exigua, while offset from d13CDIC, potentially more faithfully records the amplitude of ambient bottom water d13CDIC changes than F. wuellerstorfi, notably in settings such as the Southern Ocean that experienced substantial changes through time in the organic carbon supply to the seafloor.

(Table 2) Fauna Harpacticoida and its distribution in the Kandalaksha Bay (White Sea) in July 1998 and 1999

Dependence of the faunal composition and species structure of the White Sea littoral Harpacticoida on sediment properties was studied. Three groups of species could be distinguished according to their relationship with sediment properties: (1) species typical of silty sediments, (2) species preferring sediments with high gravel content, and (3) species inhabiting well-sorted washed sands. Vertical distribution of crustaceans within sediments of different types was studied. Vertical migrations of harpacticoids (3) during the tidal cycle were described. Data on interannual variability of harpacticoid fauna are presented.

Sea surface temperature calculated from UK37 and UK'37 in the Pacific sector of the Southern Ocean

In spite of the important role played by the Southern Ocean in global climate, the few existing paleoceanographic records in the east Pacific sector do not extend beyond one glacial-interglacial cycle, hindering circumpolar comparison of past sea surface temperature (SST) evolution in the Southern Ocean. Here we present three alkenone-based Pleistocene SST records from the subantarctic and subtropical Pacific. We use a regional core top calibration data set to constrain the choice of calibrations for paleo SST estimation. Our core top data confirm that the alkenone-based UK37 and UK'37 values correlate linearly with the SST, in a similar fashion as the most commonly used laboratory culture-based calibrations even at low temperatures (down to ~1°C), rendering these calibrations appropriate for application in the subantarctic Pacific. However, these alkenone indices yield diverging temporal trends in the Pleistocene SST records. On the basis of the better agreement with d18O records and other SST records in the subantarctic Southern Ocean, we propose that the UK37 is a better index for SST reconstruction in this region than the more commonly used UK'37 index. The UK37-derived SST records suggest glacial cooling of ~8°C and ~4°C in the subantarctic and subtropical Pacific, respectively. Such extent of subantarctic glacial cooling is comparable to that in other sectors of the Southern Ocean, indicating a uniform circumpolar cooling during the Pleistocene. Furthermore, our SST records also imply massive equatorward migrations of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC) frontal systems and an enhanced transport of ACC water to lower latitudes during glacials by the Peru-Chile Current.