Chlorohydrin water swellable rubber compatibilized by an amphiphilic craft copolymer. I. Synthesis and characterization of compatibilizer PVA-g-PBA

The graft copolymerization of butyl acrylate onto poly(vinyl alcohol) with eerie ammonium nitrate as redox initiator in a aqueous medium has been investigated. The formation of graft copolymer was confirmed by means of IR, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and wide-angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD). The percentage of mononer conversion and percentage of grafting varied with concentrations of initiator, nitric acid, monomer, macromolecular backbone (X-n = 1750, M = 80 000), reaction temperature and reaction time. Some inorganic salts and organic solvents have a great influence upon grafting. The reaction mechanism has been explored, and rate equations for the reaction are established. (C) 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Morphology, thermal behavior, and mechanical properties of PA6/UHMWPE blends with HDPE-g-MAH as a compatibilizing agent

A functionalized high-density polyethylene (HDPE) with maleic anhydride (MAH) was prepared using a reactive extruding method. This copolymer was used as a compatibilizer of blends of polyamide 6 (PA6) and ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE). Morphologies were examined by a scanning electron microscope. It was found that the dimension of UHMWPE and HDPE domains in the PA6 matrix decreased dramatically, compared with that of the uncompatibilized blending system. The size of the UHMWPE domains was reduced from 35 mu m (PA6/UHMWPE, 80/20) to less than 4 mu m (PA6/UHMWPE/HDPE-g-MAH, 80/20/20). The tensile strength and Izod impact strength of PA6/UHMWPE/HDPE-g-MAH (80/20/20) were 1.5 and 1.6 times as high as those of PA6/UHMWPE: (80/20), respectively. This behavior could be attributed to chemical reactions between the anhydride groups of HDPE-g-MAH and the terminal amino groups of PA6 in PA6/UHMWPE/HDPE-g-MAH blends. Thermal analysis was performed to confirm that the above chemical reactions took place during the blending process. (C) 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

LLDPE-g-AA的流变行为及力学性能

利用毛细管流变仪研究了线性低密度聚乙烯接枝丙烯酸 (LLDPE - g -AA)的流变行为。结果表明 ,在高的剪切应力下LLDPE -g -AA的表观粘度比纯LLDPE的小 ,并改进了树脂的流动性和加工性。LLDPE - g -AA的表观粘度随接枝丙烯酸含量的增加而降低 ,说明接枝到LLDPE分子链上的丙烯酸起到了内润滑剂的作用。利用Instron 112 1拉力机测试了LLDPE - g -AA的力学性能 ,结果表明其拉伸强度、杨氏模量和断裂伸长率与纯LLDPE相比没有明显的变化

实时BIA技术对蛋白A与免疫球蛋白G相互作用的研究

应用实时BIA技术 ,探讨了蛋白A与小鼠免疫球蛋白G (MIgG)之间的相互作用 ,求出相互作用的动力学速率常数ka=5 0 7× 1 0 4 (mol/L) - 1 s- 1 ,kd=9 65× 1 0 - 5(s- 1 ) ,结合常数KA=5 2 5× 1 0 8(mol/L) - 1 .同时使用蛋白A固定的传感片用于MIgG浓度的检测 ,在 0 64～ 1 2mg/L浓度区间内 ,MIgG的响应值与其浓度有非常好的线性关系.

The compatibility and morphology of HIPS/PC and HIPS-g-GMA/PC blends

The compatibility and morphology of HIPS/PC and HIPS-g-GMA/PC blends were studied. The compatibility and morphology of HIPS/PC blends were characterized by DSC and SEM, respectively. The result of DSC shows that T-g of PS doesn't change with the blend composition, and T-g of PC decreases with the increase in weight fraction of HIPS, which indicates that the PC/HIPS blend is a partially miscible system. Results of SEM indicate that the decrease in T-g of PC results from PS interpenetrating into the phase of PC, and no change in T-g of PS results from PC not interpenetrating into the phase of PS. The copolymer of HIPS-g-GMA was prepared by reactive grafting method. The IR spectrum shows that GMA is grafted on the chain of HIPS. The compatibility and morphology of HIPS-gGMA (35)/PC (65) were studied by DSC and SEM. PC (65)/HEPS-g-GMA (35) blend exhibits reduced size of disperse phase, enhanced interface adhesion and lower T-g of PC phase as compared with the PC(65)/HIPS(35) blend. It implies that HIPS-g-GMA is an effective compatibilizer of the HIPS/PC blend.

PA6/UHMWPE/HDPE-g-MAH共混物反应增容作用的研究

通过 DSC、SEM、Molau试验和力学性能测试 ,研究了 PA6/ UHMWPE共混过程中 HDPE- g- MAH对体系的增容作用、力学性能及结晶行为的影响。结果表明 ,共混体系为热力学不相容体系 ;在熔融共混过程中 ,PA6和 HDPE- g- MAH发生化学反应 ,生成的接枝共聚物对 PA6/ UHMWPE体系有增容作用 ,分散性和界面形态以及力学性能明显改善 ;共混体系中两相的结晶行为亦发生变化 ,尼龙组分的熔融热焓明显下降

反应挤出条件对PP-g-GMA接枝率、接枝效率和熔体流动速率的影响

用反应挤出法在聚丙烯 (PP)分子链上接枝甲基丙烯酸环氧丙酯 (GMA) ,制备功能化聚丙烯 .重点讨论了单体浓度、引发剂浓度、反应温度及物料在螺杆中的停留时间等对接枝产物 PP-g-GMA的接枝率、接枝效率和熔体流动速率的影响 .结果表明 ,PP-g-GMA接枝率与加入的单体浓度成正比 ,与引发剂浓度无关 ,反应挤出的适宜温度窗口在 1 95～ 2 3 0℃之间 ,停留时间超过 1 min后接枝率与停留时间无关 ;PP-g-GMA的熔体流动速率与单体浓度成反比 ,与引发剂的用量成正比 ,在反应温度窗口内与反应挤出温度和物料停留时间关系不大 ;单体和引发剂的浓度、反应挤出温度及物料停留时间对 PP-g-GMA的接枝效率无显著影响 .

LLDPE/LLDPE-g-AA共混物的接触角及红外光谱表征

利用熔融共混的方法制备了线性低密度聚乙烯/线性低密度聚乙烯接枝丙烯酸(LLDPE/LLDPE-g-AA)共混物。用傅里叶红外光谱(FT-IR)和测定接触角的方法对不同LLDPE-g-AA含量的LLDPE/LLDPE-g-AA共混物膜的表面进行了表征。结果表明,随着共混物中LLDPE-g- AA含量的增加,水和甘油等极性液体与共混物表面的接触角下降。依据共混物的FT-IR计算了其羧基峰强度。发现极性液体与LLDPE/LLDPE-g- AA共混物膜表面的接触角越小,羧基峰强度越大。

PA46/PP-g-GMA合金的研制和表征

用反应挤出方法制备了PA46/PP-g-GMA合金。研究了合金的力学性能,吸水性与形态结构的关系。与PA46/PP相比,PA46/PP-g- GMA的力学性能如拉伸强度,杨氏模量,弯曲强度,弯曲模量以及冲击强度都有不同程度的提高。PA46/PP-g-GMA的吸水率比PS46/PP大幅度降低。用扫描电镜(SEM)研究了PA46/PP-g-GMA和PA46/PP样品的冲击断面。PA46/PP-g-GMA中的PP-g-GMA分散相粒子半径远比PA46/PP中的PP相粒子半径小和均匀。这表明改性后的PP-g-GMA与PA46的相容性有很大的改观。DMA研究结果表明,PA46 /PP-g-GMA样品的储能模量比相同组分的PP/PA46高。在组成为50/50时PA46/PP-g-GMA的软化点温度比PA46/PP高 120℃。

Morphologies and physical properties of PA1010/HIPS/HIPS-g-MA ternary blends

The effect of the content of a copolymer consisting of high impact polystyrene grafted with maleic anhydride (HIPS-g-MA) on morphological and mechanical properties of PA1010/HIPS blends has been studied. Blend morphologies were controlled by adding HIPS-g-MA during melt processing, thus the dispersion of the HIPS phase and interfacial adhesion between the domains and matrices in these blends were changed obviously. The weight fractions of HIPS-g-MA in the blends increased from 2.5 to 20, then much finer dispersions of discrete HIPS phase with average domain sizes decreased from 6.1 to 0.1 mu m were obtained. It was found that a compatibilizer, a graft copolymer of HIPS-g-MA and PA1010 was synthesized in situ during the melt mixing of the blends. The mechanical properties of compatibilized blends were obviously better than those of uncompatibilized PA1010/HIPS blends. These behaviors could be attributed to the chemical interactions between the two components of PA1010 and HIPS-g-MA and good dispersion in PA1010/HIPS/HIPS-g-MA blends. Evidence of reactions in the blends was seen in the morphology and mechanical behaviour of the solid. The blend containing 5 wt % HIPS-g-MA component exhibited outstanding toughness. (C) 1999 Kluwer Academic Publishers.

Compatibilization effect of graft copolymer on immiscible polymer blends: 1. LLDPE/SBS/LLDPE-g-PS systems

compatibilizing effect of graft copolymer, linear low density polyethylene-g-polystyrene (LLDPE-g-PS), on immiscible blends of LLDPE with styrene-butadiene-styrene triblock copolymer (SBS) has been investigated by means of C-13 CPMAS n.m.r. and d.s.c. techniques. The results indicate that LLDPE-g-PS is an effective compatibilizer for LLDPE/SBS blends. It was found that LLDPE-g-PS chains connect two immiscible components, LLDPE and SBS, through solubilization of chemically identical segments of LLDPE-g-PS into the amorphous region of LLDPE acid PS block domain of SBS, respectively. It was also found that LLDPE-g-PS chains connect the crystalline region of LLDPE by isomorphism, with serious effects on the supermolecular structure of LLDPE. The effect of LLDPE-g-PS on the supermolecular structure of LLDPE in the LLDPE/SBS blends obviously depends on the composition of the blends, but has little dependence on the PS grafting yields of LLDPE-g-PS. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.

Effects of the compatibilizer PP-g-GMA on morphology and mechanical properties of PP/PC blends

Effects of the compatibilizer polypropylene grafted with glycidyl methacrylate(PP-g-GMA) on the morphology, thermal, rheological and mechanical properties of polypropylene and polycarbonate blends (PP/PC) were studied. It was found that the addition of PP-g-GMA significantly changed their morphology. The mean size of domains reduced from 20 mu m to less than 5 mu m. The dispersed domain size is also strongly dependent upon the content of PP-g-GMA. The interfacial tension of PP/PC/PP-g-GMA (50/30/20) is only about one-tenth of PP/PC (70/30). The crystallization temperature of PP in PP/PC/PP-g-GMA is 5-8 degrees C higher than that of PP in PP/PC blends. Characterization studies based on mechanical properties, differential scanning calorimetry, rheology and morphological evidence obtained by using scanning electron microscopy support the hypothesis that an in-situ copolymer PP-g-PC was formed during the blending process. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science Ltd.

Morphology, mechanical properties and interfacial behaviour of PA1010/PP/PP-g-GMA ternary blends

Morphology, mechanical properties, and interfacial interaction of polyamide 1010/polypropylene (PA1010/ PP) blends compatibilized with polypropylene grafted with glycidyl methacrylate (PP-g-GMA) were studied. It was found that the size of the PP domains, tensile and impact strength of ternary blends, and adhesion fracture energy between two layers of PA1010 and PP were all significantly dependent on the PP-g-GMA contents in the PP layer. Correlations between morphology and related properties were sought. The improvements in properties have been attributed to chemical and physical interaction occurring between PA1010 and PP-g-GMA. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science Ltd.