602 resultados para fecundidade tardia
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The late industrialization, together with other factors, ended up directing much of the rural population to cities, without adequate planning, resulting in high density and irregular settlements in risk areas to low-income population. The man settled in the urban site to break environmental laws that eventually causing an imbalance in the natural environment, causing or exacerbating the shortage in availability of water resources. This situation also happened in Presidente Prudente, especially in the east, the focus of this research. Therefore, this study aims to understand the causes of degradation of waterways in urban areas, focusing on society's relationship with nature and its consequences on environmental quality and quality of life of urban population located in the watershed of stream of Gramado, Presidente Prudente - São Paulo. In this catchment there is the irregular deposition of solid waste in the valley, remnants of old pollution release of domestic sewage and industrial (currently collected and intended for treatment), accelerated processes of erosion in some areas of intensive use of the relief and consequently, the bed siltation of streams that are part of the basin. The quality of urban life was seen through socioeconomic and environmental indicators, which were identified through questionnaires to residents, according to local residence in the landscape, divided into three segments: the tops 60 residents, 90 residents and 112 residents in the areas in valley bottoms. With these data we can relate them to the degradation of the basin and aggregate them to the quality of life of residents. Field studies were needed to visualize the changes that occurred in the watershed over the past three years, with the implementation of works aimed at improvements to the community as the conduit stream of Gramado and construction and operation of Sewage Pumping Stations... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
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Climate change in tropical countries, like Brazil, causes major problems in dairy production due to an increase of heat stress effects. In recent years, milk production in Brazil increased 36.07%. The Southeast region remains a leader in production with herds of high producing Holstein cattle (mostly), which is more susceptible to heat stress. Thermal stress decreases fertility in direct and indirect ways. Conception rates are reduced of 40-60% during cooler months of the year and 10-20% in the warmer months. Negative effects of heat stress involve changes in reproductive hormones, follicular development, oocytes, and embryos, and decreased dry matter intake. Several studies discuss change in reproductive hormones, such as reduction in plasma concentration of GnRH, LH, and oestradiol, which lead to decreased detection of estrus and ovulation. Various methods are being studied to bypass these negative effects and increase the fertility of dairy cows under heat stress. Cooling systems are the most advantageous and can be associated with technologies such as ET and TAI
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The objective of this study was to investigate the influence of previous active static stretch on the isometric peak torque (PT) and rate of force development (RFD) measured from different time intervals from the beginning of muscle contraction. Participated of this study 15 male individuals, apparently healthy, with ages between 18 and 25 years, without regular physical activity practice. The individuals were submitted in different days to the following tests: 1) Familiarization session to the isokinetic dynamometer; 2) Two maximal isometric concentric contractions for knee extensors in isokinetic dynamometer to determine PT and RFD (Control), and; 3) Two active static stretching exercises for the dominant leg extensors (10 x 30 s for each exercise, with 20 s of rest). After the stretching, the isokinetic test was repeated (Post-Stretching). The conditions 2 and 3 were performed in random order. The RFD was considered as the mean slope of the moment-time curve at time intervals of 0-30, 0-50 and 0-100ms relative to the beginning of muscle contraction. It was verified significant reduction for both maximal RFD and PT after the stretching (p < 0.05). At intervals of 0- 30ms, 0-50ms and 0-100ms, the RFD at the conditions with stretching was similar to the RFD without stretching (p > 0.05). At intervals of 0-150ms and 0-200ms, the RFD obtained at the contraction without stretching was significantly higher that that obtained at the contraction with stretching (p < 0.05). It can be concluded that the static stretching, performed with duration of 600 s diminish isometric PT, maximal RFD and RFD measured at late phase (> 100 ms) of muscle contraction.
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As espécies estudadas neste projeto, Dendropsophus nanus e Dendropsophus sanborni, são pererecas de pequeno porte, morfologicamente semelhantes e ocupam nichos similares. O presente trabalho foi realizado na Floresta Estadual Edmundo Navarro de Andrade, município de Rio Claro, estado de São Paulo e teve como objetivo obter informações acerca da biologia reprodutiva de ambas as espécies. Os principais resultados obtidos foram referentes à: (1) Relações de tamanho-fecundidade em fêmeas de D. nanus, sendo que foi significativa a correlação entre número de ovos e comprimento rostro-cloacal de fêmeas, o que não ocorreu para correlações entre tamanho dos ovos e CRC de fêmeas e entre tamanho e número de ovos, (2) Seleção do tamanho dos machos em D. nanus, com as fêmeas aparentemente acasalando com machos proporcionalmente mais leves e (3) Comportamento de desova de D. sanborni semelhante ao relatado para D. werneri, havendo dois tipos de interação parecidos: um envolvendo movimentos da cabeça e o outro das patas traseiras do macho, ambos descritos pela primeira vez para D. sanborni neste estudo.
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Câncer cervical é o segundo tipo mais comum em mulheres no mundo. Estudos apontam que a presença de certos tipos do HPV desempenha um papel central na formação do câncer. Apesar do grande sucesso da prevenção do câncer uterino com vacinas, o uso de produtos naturais para o tratamento de doenças é crescente e de grande importância econômica. Alcalóides guanidínicos isolados de Pterogyne nitens representam uma potencial fonte de novos tratamentos. O objetivo geral desse trabalho foi avaliar a atividade apoptótica induzida em células de carcinoma cervical infectadas (SiHa) e não infectadas pelo HPV (C33-A), tratadas com nitensidinas A e B, isoladas de folhas de Pterogyne nitens Tul. A citotoxicidade dos alcalóides foi avaliada utilizando o método de MTT. Para avaliar quantitativamente a apoptose e necrose celular, foi executado o ensaio de Anexina V por citometria de fluxo. Ambas as substâncias, nitensidinas A e B, apresentaram efeito citotóxico concentração-resposta em ambas as linhagens testadas (SiHa e C33A) e nos dois tempos de tratamento (24 horas e 48 horas). Não foi observada significância estatística quando comparados os perfis de ação citotóxica das duas substâncias em teste (nitensidinas A e B), em nenhuma das linhagens testadas (SiHa e C33A) e em nenhum dos dois tempos de tratamento (24 horas e 48 horas). Ambas as substâncias, nitensidina A e nitensidina B, apresentaram efeito indutor de apoptose precoce e, em menor número, de apoptose tardia/ necrose, em ambas as linhagens testadas (SiHa e C33A) e nos dois tempos de tratamento (24 horas e 48 horas)
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Os curimatídeos são espécies comuns em ambientes lênticos represados, artificialmente construídos. Estudar o ciclo reprodutivo de uma espécie é fundamental para a compreensão da biologia reprodutiva da população em seu ambiente. Por isso, o presente estudo analisou os aspectos da biologia reprodutiva dos sagüirus Cyphocharax modestus, C. cf. nagelii e Steindachnerina insculpta (Curimatidae), no reservatório da pequena central hidrelétrica Mogi Guaçu, município de Mogi Guaçu, estado de São Paulo. Os exemplares foram coletados bimensalmente entre agosto de 2005 e julho de 2006 com o auxílio de redes de emalhar (malhas 1,0 a 5,0 cm entre nós adjacentes), totalizando seis amostras. No total, foram analisados 777 exemplares, sendo 525 de C. modestus, 82 de C.cf. nagelii e 170 de S. insculpta. A dinâmica reprodutiva foi analisada considerando-se os períodos seco e chuvoso. A fecundidade foi estimada de acordo com o método volumétrico a partir da análise de 168 pares de ovários maduros, sendo 121 de C. modestus, 18 de C. cf nagelii e 29 de S. insculpta. Também foram estimadas as relações gonadossomáticas médias e as correlações do número total de ovócitos em relação ao peso e ao comprimento para cada uma das três espécies. Os resultados encontrados apontaram para desova total (sincrônica em dois grupos) para as três espécies. O número médio de ovócitos foi de 15.309 a 28.825 para C. modestus, 29.031 para C. cf. nagelii e 27.206 para S. insculpta.
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Adequate testosterone levels are necessary for the development, growth and maintenance of the male reproductive system. Testosterone deficiency is common in men with diabetes in whom it may contribute to impaired performance, with consequent reduction of the activity of the androgen regulated organs, such as the prostate. However, little attention has been given to the plasma dihydrotestosterone (DHT) level, the most potent androgen, nor to the expression of the androgen receptor (AR), insulin-like growth factor type I (IGF-1) and receptor (IGF-1R) in target tissues. Here, we investigated the effect of type I diabetes mellitus on DHT plasma levels and on prostate AR, IGF-1 and IGF-1R expression during rat pubertal growth. Diabetes was induced in prepubertal male rats through administration of streptozotocin (STZ; 40 mg/kg). Diabetic, diabetic treated with insulin, and age-matched control animals were killed by overdoses of pentobarbital. The ventral prostatic lobe (VP) was dissected, weighed and processed for immunohistochemistry for AR, IGF-1 e IGF-1R; plasma T and DHT levels were also determined. Hyperglycemia at puberty reduced VP weight gain to about 50% and plasma T level to about 80% of the control levels. In contrast there were no changes in plasma DHT levels. Insulin replacement restored the VP weight gain, but not the plasma T levels, which remained 90% below the ones of controls. Immunohistochemistry showed that AR, IGF-1 and IGF-1R expression in the prostate epithelial cells did not change with hyperglycemia or insulin replacement. Thus, the AR expression in the prostate epithelial cells appears to be regulated by DHT, and to a minor extent it also controls glandular growth
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O presente estudo teve como objetivo testar previsões da teoria sobre a influência da predação na evolução dos ciclos vitais. Como modelo de estudo, foram estudadas populações do peixe Poecilia vivipara que habitam o Parque Nacional da Restinga de Jurubatiba, no sistema lagunar Norte-Fluminense, estado do Rio de Janeiro. Neste sistema lagunar, P. vivipara está sujeita à predação por peixes piscívoros (e.g. a traíra Hoplias malabaricus) em parte das lagoas, mas está livre destes predadores em outras lagoas. Foram estudadas três lagoas em que P. vivipara coexiste com seus predadores piscívoros e três em que estes estão ausentes. A ictiofauna das seis lagoas foi amostrada através de redes de arrasto e espinhel. Em laboratório, as fêmeas e os machos de P. vivipara foram dissecados para remoção de suas gônadas. As gônadas das fêmeas foram categorizadas em seis diferentes estágios de desenvolvimento. A partir do terceiro estágio, os embriões foram contados e medidos (maior diâmetro). Os exemplares de P. vivipara e suas gônadas foram secos em estufa a 60ºC e pesados em balança analítica (0,01 mg). Os aspectos do ciclo vital analisados foram: (1) investimento reprodutivo das fêmeas (massa gonadal/massa total da fêmea); (2) índice gonadossomático dos machos (massa gonadal/massa total do macho); (3) fecundidade (número de embriões); (4) comprimento médio dos embriões; e (5) massa seca média dos embriões (massa gonadal/fecundidade). O efeito da predação foi testado com uma ANCOVA aninhada, com regime de predação (alta intensidade, baixa intensidade), população de origem (aninhada dentro do regime de predação) e coleta como variáveis independentes, e massa somática e estágio embrionário como covariáveis. De acordo com o previsto pela teoria, as fêmeas dos ambientes de baixa predação apresentaram embriões maiores, mas, contrariando as previsões teóricas, também apresentaram maior fecundidade e...
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The use of pesticides in Brazil has intensified over the years. And since 2009 it was ranked as the largest market for pesticides worldwide. The consequential diffuse contamination of the environment is therefore due to the increasing number of chemicals of different classes, origins and modes of action. Little is known about the action of pesticides on human health in situations of co-exposure. Possible toxic effects are not restricted to agricultural and industrial workers, but also the general population that may be exposed continuously to its residues in food and water. Although these pesticides are mostly present in the environment at low doses, it must be considered that possible cumulative or synergistic effects may occur when there are concurrent or sustained exposure for two or more of these agents, which can lead to late manifestation of subclinical damages, sometimes irreversible. Thus, the specific objective of this study was to assess the effect of carcinogenesis promotion of a mixture of pesticides at low doses and analyze the phenomena of cell proliferation and apoptosis in rat liver. A total of 50 male Lewis rats was separated into 5 groups for 8 weeks in a medium term hepatocarcinogenesis model. The three different classes of pesticides (dieldrin, dicofol, endosulfan, dichlorvos and permethrin), whose residues were detected by ANVISA during the period from 2001 to 2005 in tomatoes cultures, were added to the feed of rats initiated to hepatocarcinogenesis with diethylnitrosamine (DEN- 200mg/kg ip). We used two different mixtures, one with no toxic effects at doses (MEX1) referring to the NOEL (no-observed-effect level) and another at doses LOEL / LEL / LOAEL (Lowest-observed-effect level / Lowest-effect level / Lowest -observed-adverse-effect level), to the installation of adverse effects (MEX2), derived from chronic studies. All animals ...(Complete abstract click electronic access below)
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Septic shock remains one of the most common challenges for the small animal practicing, presenting high mortality rates frequently associated with late identification of this syndrome, as well as an inappropriate treatment. In general, disruption of homeostasis occurs with an intense activation of inflammatory cascade, which leads to a damage to endothelial cells and an exposure to these cytokines, which will result in vasodilation and increased capillary permeability. Thus, there is a drop in blood pressure, even after aggressive fluid resuscitation. Therefore, drugs such as vasopressors, which act by increasing systemic vascular resistance, and inotropes, which have an effect on heart pump, should be administered in order to raise blood pressure, ensuring adequate tissue perfusion. The objective of this review was to gather information about the various drugs used in vasopressors/inotropes therapy, trying to explain the role of each one in different situations, in order to increase the survival rate in dogs affected with septic shock
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Pós-graduação em Medicina Veterinária - FCAV
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Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Genética e Melhoramento de Plantas) - FCAV
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Pós-graduação em Medicina Veterinária - FCAV
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Pós-graduação em Ciências Biológicas (Zoologia) - IBB
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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)