Análise teórica e experimental de uma ventaneira de alto forno, visando seu comportamento térmico e fluidodinâmico

In this work, it was studied the thermal and fluid dynamic behavior from theorical and experimental point of view of a blast furnace tuyere. The tuyere is responsible for the hot air insuflation into the blast furnace. The parameter used in the comparison was the difference between the cooling water inlet and outlet temperatures. There were used forced convection correlations inside circular sections with adequations for non circular sections. Based on operations dates of flux and thermal loads it was possible to model numerically the tuyere, and, since it was obtained the wall temperatures, estimate the conduction and convection resistances and the heat flux through the walls in contact with the water. The total heat fluxes from wall to water were applied to the energy conservation equation where could be estimated the theorical temperature variation. Compared to the real value, the theorical value presented a difference of 0,2 °C. Considering that the boundary conditions around the tuyere are transitories and that your channels have some rugosity irregularities we can consider the estimation method for cooling system coherent with the real operational parameters

Desenvolvimento de carreadores lipídicos nanoestruturados para administração cutânea de fluconazol

O fluconazol (FLU) é um antifúngico muito utilizado no tratamento de dermatomicoses devido à sua eficácia e segurança. No entanto, este pode apresentar perfil farmacocinético muitas vezes inadequado, promovendo recorrência da doença ou resistência do fungo, apresentando uma série de efeitos colaterais além de alta toxicidade. Por esta razão, há uma busca contínua de novos medicamentos antifúngicos mais potentes, mas, sobretudo, mais seguros que os existentes. Os carreadores lipídicos nanoestruturados (NLCs) são compostos por uma matriz contendo lipídio liquido e sólido, e possui como uma de suas vantagens a alta capacidade de encapsulamento. O objetivo do trabalho foi desenvolver e caracterizar NLCs para administração cutânea de fluconazol. A solubilidade do FLU foi avaliada em ácido oleico (AO) e monoestearato de glicerila (GMS) e observou-se uma maior incorporação de FLU na mistura desses lipídios do que nos compostos isolados. Os NLCs contendo AO, GMS, poloxamer-407, fosfatidilcolina de soja (PC) e FLU foram desenvolvidos empregando o método de homogeneização em alta velocidade de cisalhamento à quente. A caracterização foi realizada por espectroscopia de correlação de fótons e os resultados de diâmetro médio, índice de polidispersidade e potencial zeta foram de 218,63 e 314,1nm, 0,417 e 0,640 e -28,4 e -25,8mV para os NLCs com (NLC_FLU) e sem o FLU (NLC) respectivamente. No estudo de estabilidade, as formulações NLC e NLC_FLU foram armazenados à 8ºC e à temperatura ambiente e os resultados mostraram maior estabilidade durante os seis meses para os NLC_FLU armazenada à 8ºC. A morfologia dos NLCs foi determinada por microscopia eletrônica de varredura de efeito de campo na qual os NLCs apresentaram morfologia esférica e escala nanométrica. Uma metodologia foi validada por espectrofotometria na região do ultravioleta para a determinação da eficiência de encapsulação (EE) do fármaco que foi ...

Fibras naturais: características químicas e potenciais aplicações

This study has as objective determining the chemical properties that serve as the basis for potential scientific and technological applications of seven species of fibrous plants cultivated in Brazil, which are: Banana” (Musa spp.), “Coco” (Cocos nucifera), Curauá (Ananas erectifolius), Fique (Furcraea andina), Piteira” (Furcraea gigantea), Sisal(Agave sisalana) and “Taboa” (Typha domingensis). The tests for determining the percent dry completely, extractives soluble in cold water, in hot water, in sodium hydroxide 1% and in ethanol-toluene, and the percentages of ash, hydrophobicity, lignin, holocellulose and cellulose were performed at the Department of Environmental Sciences, Agronomy College (FCA) of UNESP – Botucatu, São Paulo State. It also presents a literature review about these fibers and their potential applications. Differences between the results obtained and those found by other authors are possibly explained by variations on the origin of plant material, the harvest season, the climate and soil where they were grown. However, the results and the methodology used, serve as a basis for further studies with natural fibers

Caracterização do defeito tipo trinca de laminação, ocorrido no processo de laminação de barras de aço

The mechanical forming processes are the main means of transformation. Among all processes, the most used is rolling and broken down into flat and non-flat products. In the flat products are classified plates, and products no plans bars and profiles. Thus laminating products, mostly, are the raw materials for other processes of transformation, as stamping, forging, machining, bending and more. This work has focused on non-flat products, classified as bars and rods, watching a key point in the proceedings that is the product quality. Here is demonstrated through metallographic analysis of steel bars, hot-rolled, the characteristics of surface cracks in these bars

Aplicação de sistema de gestão da qualidade na execução de obras de pavimentação asfáltica, baseado nas diretrizes da ABNT NBR ISO 9001:2008

This work brings to its content proposed deployment of a system of quality management in paving asphalt based on the elaboration of a basic training to meet those entering this area of civil engineering at a technical manual for the implementation of major services running on paving of roads. The training was designed to serve both those entering the field of asphalt paving, synthesizing the complex processes involved in paving services and providing an overview of the steps in implementation thereof, as well as entrants must meet the enterprise user of this system, providing them an idea of the method used by the company designing the paving of roads. The technical manual presented in turn, has 8 (eight) of the main services components of a work of paving, which are: Mobilization and Maintenance of construction site, Regularization and subfloor preparation, execution or sub-base BGS base (graded gravel plain), Execution of sub-base or base BGTC (graded gravel treated with cement), Implementation of subbase or base Macadam hydraulic Priming bituminous waterproofing, asphalt binder Priming and finally the execution flexible pavement - HMA (hot milled asphalt concrete). These services are presented in the form of IT-Education work, this seven items are presented that guide the performance of services, thus providing overall guidelines to perform the services described in it. The development of IT's was based on experiences in day-to-day paving near the theoretical precepts presented in the literature, so the conditions specified in these documents aim to always guide the implementation of services in general, giving the process a versatility major operation, as this work takes into account the dynamics of such services, as well as the variety of their execution according to local conditions and specified in the project. So in general we can say that this ... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Análise de viabilidade da utilização do sorgo sacarino como cultura complementar na entressafra da cana-de-açucar

The sorghum is seen as a complementary option ethanol production in the offseason cane sugar because of its high energy potential and its culture to adapt well to hot climates and dry. This study evaluates the use of planting sweet sorghum as a culture supplement cane sugar in its offseason, leading to findings that show the feasibility of planting sorghum harvests of sugar cane

Análise geomorfológica e do uso da terra da bacia do Ribeirão Tijuco Preto (SP): subsídio ao planejamento ambiental

Este trabalho teve como objetivo principal analisar a dinâmica geomorfológica, bem como a apropriação humana do relevo, mediante a interpretação de forma integrada dos documentos cartográficos elaborados a partir de técnicas da cartografia morfométrica, geomorfológica e de uso da terra, de forma a subsidiar ações vinculadas ao planejamento ambiental da Bacia do Ribeirão Tijuco Preto (SP). Sob os auspícios da abordagem sistêmica, a partir de uma visão integrada e complexa dos sistemas geomorfológicos, propôs-se a quantificar os atributos das formas de relevo, representando-os cartográficamente com a elaboração das Cartas Morfométricas de Declividade ou Clinográfica (De Biase, 1970 e 1992), de Dissecação Horizontal (Spiridonov, 1981 e adaptações de Mauro et. al.,1991), de Dissecação Vertical (Spiridonov, 1981) e de Energia do Relevo (Mendes, 1993). Também, contemplou-se a cartografia geomorfológica de detalhe, com a elaboração da Carta Geomorfológica (Tricart, 1965), bem como o mapeamento do uso da terra, expresso na Carta de Uso da Terra (Ceron e Diniz, 1966). De forma geral, a análise dos Produtos Cartográficos elaborados, permitiu constatar que a Bacia do Ribeirão Tijuco Preto vem sofrendo o desencadeamento de processos erosivos variados. Tais processos estão associados a uma conjunção de condicionantes, que podem ser apontados pelas variadas condições morfométricas do terreno, o clima quente e úmido reinante, as diferentes litologias aflorantes, a tipologia dos solos, bem como, e, de maneira veemente, a intervenção humana. O condicionante antrópico está majoritariamente representado pela monocultura canavieira e pela urbanização, sendo agentes cruciais no desencadeamento dos processos erosivos existentes e na interferência direta na dinâmica do escoamento fluvial da Bacia do Ribeirão Tijuco Preto.

Controle e estimulação de crescimento folicular em doadoras da raça holandesa para a produção in vitro de embriões

Pós-graduação em Medicina Veterinária - FCAV

Avaliação da importância de habitats secundários para a manutenção de abelhas silvestres em áreas agrícolas

Pós-graduação em Ciências Biológicas (Zoologia) - IBRC

Variação temporal e espacial da taxa de sedimentação e das características limnológicas na microbacia do córrego da Barrinha, no município de Pirassununga, SP

Studies regarding the quality and quantity of water have become more and more important because of the increasing negative environmental impacts occurred and their scarcity increase as well. At the Center of Tropical Fish Research (Centro de Pesquisas de Peixes Tropicais - CEPTAlIBAMA) located in the city of Pirassununga, SP, there is a dam named Represa Velha which supplies 128 tanks that are fish hatcheries. This dam takes in part of the Barrinha stream micro-basin where it has been observed strong impacts due to the deforestation of its support forest, as well an the intensive agricultural activities in the neighboring areas. There has been established and distributed 13 points of water-collectors disposed inside the stream and the dam. The water samples were taken from the stream only from its surface because of the low depth and, inside. In the dam, the water samples were taken at the water column, at a 50cm distance over the sediment. In every point of collection inside the dam, it was placed a chamber of sedimentation, vertically in the water column at a 70% height from the total depth. The collections took place during the dry/cold and raining/warm periods of the years 2000 and 2001. Then, it were analyzed the physical, physical-chemical, chemical and micro-biological parameters of the water samples. The obtained results were statistically analyzed throughout the SAS system (Statistical Analisys System). Parameters such as total phosphate, nitrate, nitrite and turbidity were within the established limits for the Class 2 water, according to the n° 20/1986 CONAMA Resolução. However, the total and Escherichia coli coliforms, mainly inside the Barrinha stream, had showed values above of the established limits for the same... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Efeitos da dosagem de monensina sódica sobre o desempenho produtivo, comportamento ingestivo, saúde ruminal e características de carcaça em bovinos Nelore confinados

Pós-graduação em Ciência e Tecnologia Animal - FEIS

Estudo da superfície de fibras de carbono após tratamento de implantação iônica por imersão em plasma (3IP)

In this work, plasma immersion ion implantation (PIII) treatments of carbon fibers (CFs) were performed in order to induce modifications of chemical and physical properties of the CF surface aimed to improve the performance of thermoplastic composite. The samples to be treated were immersed in nitrogen or air glow discharge plasma and pulsed at −3.0 kV for 2.0, 5.0, 10.0, and 15.0 min. After PIII processing, the specimens were characterized by atomic force microscopy (AFM), scanning electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). After CFs treatments, the CF/Polypropylene (PP) composites were produced by hot pressing method. Surface morphology of as-received CFs exhibited some scratches aligned along the fibers due to the fiber manufacturing process. After both treatments, these features became deeper, and also, a number of small particles nonuniformly distributed on the fiber surface can be observed. These particles are product of CF surface sputtering during the PIII treatment, which removes the epoxy layer that covers as-received samples. AFM analyses of CF samples treated with nitrogen depicted a large increase of the surface roughness (Rrms value approximately six times higher than that of the untreated sample). The increase of the roughness was also observed for samples treated by air PIII. Raman spectra of all samples presented the characteristic D- and G-bands at approximately 1355 and 1582 cm−1, respectively. Analysis of the surface chemical composition provided by the XPS showed that nitrogen and oxygen were incorporated onto the surface. The polar radicals formed on the surface lead to increasing of the CF surface energy. Both the modification of surface roughness and the surface oxidation contributed for the enhancement of CF adhesion to the polymeric matrix. These features were confirmed ... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Estudo sobre uma turbina a gás instalada em uma refinaria de petróleo

The gas turbine (GT) is known to have: low cost of capital over the amount of energy, high flexibility, high reliability, short delivery time, commissioning and commercial operation at the beginning and quick departure. The gas turbine is also recognized for its superior environmental performance, manifested in air pollution containment and reducing greenhouse gases (Mahi, 1994). Gas turbines in simple cycle mode (SC) have long been used by utilities to limited power generation peak. In addition, manufacturing facilities use gas turbines for power generation units on site, often in combination with the process of heat production, such as hot water and steam process. In recent years, the performance of industrial gas turbines has been improved due to significant investments in research and development, in terms of fuel to electricity conversion efficiency, plant capacity, availability and reliability. The greater availability of energy resources such as natural gas (NG), the significant reduction of capital costs and the introduction of advanced cycles, have also been a success factor for the increased use of gas turbines to load applications base (Poulikas, 2004). Open Cycle Gas Turbine with a greater degree of heat to the atmosphere may alternatively be used to produce additional electricity using a steam cycle, or to compose a cogeneration process. The combined cycle (CC) uses the heat from the gas turbine exhaust gas to increase the power output and increase the overall efficiency of more than 50% second (Najjar, 2001). The initial discovery of these cycles in the commercial power generation market was possible due to the development of the gas turbine. Only from the 1970s that gas turbine inlet temperature and therefore the exhaust gas temperature was sufficiently high to allow a better efficiency in the combined cycle ... (Complete Abstract click electronic access below)

Avaliação dos efeitos ambientais nas propriedades do compósito de poliamida 6,6/fibras de carbono

This graduation work done study of polyamide 6.6/composite carbon fibres, since its processing, characterization of the main properties. Besides the influence of temperature, UV radiation, salt spray and moisture on the mechanical and viscoelastic behavior. To achieve this goal, the first composite was processed from the heat compression molding using known variables of the process and using the empirical method to find the best value for other parameters. The method processing molding was chosen because it common in composites processing in order to evaluate the influence of crystallinity of the properties that influence the mechanical and viscoelastic behavior laminates. From the obtained laminate specimens were evaluated in weathering, such as: in hygrothermal chamber, UV, salt spray and thermal shock. In another step, the effect produced by these constraints were evaluated by optical microscopy, ultrasound, dynamic mechanical analysis and vibration tests. This project was conducted at the Department of Technology and Materials of UNESP in Guaratingueta, where all the equipment and techniques for the implementation of this project met available. After the tests proved the applicability of the composite polyamide 6.6/carbon fibers in aeronautical applications with resistance the main climatic influences

Qualidade nutricional e aceitabilidade da geleia convencional e light de maná cubiu

Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Energia na Agricultura) - FCA