Participação de mulheres na história da Escola Mista no Pará - 1870/1901

This study aims to problematize the history of mixed schools in Pará, from 1870 to 1901, highlighting women participation that helped to build them. The analytical focus of the research fell on the changes and the continuities of the mixed school in Pará. The object of analysis is the Paraense mixed schools, formed by women. The study also brings out arguments that the mixed school was set up in variable forms, concepts, times and spaces, in an overlapping with the inclusion of women in educational universe, either through education, professionalization or teaching in schools of girls and boys. The documentary sources privileged by the study are: the educational law, the newspapers, the government reports and the journals of education, which were examined in a confrontation between what was said and done. The evidential method helped the documentary reading revealed that, in small lines, the linkages built in the search for clues and signs of Paraense mixed schools was assembled with the participation of women, from the perception that historical knowledge is indirect, conjectural. Evidences indicated that the school for both sexes, legally established in the Province of Grão-Pará in 1870, gave the signals of the junction of girls and boys in school, at a time when the presence of women in education was suggested. Mutations related to the educational organization, with the introduction of mixed school in the following decade had a closer relationship with restrictive settings and more effective integration of women in that school. The inaccuracies of the Republican mixed school have revealed, through winding paths, that signal of contradictions between the modern discourse and conservative practices regarding this school, in communion with the expansion of the mixed school throughout the state, including in groups schools, observing the presence of effective women teachers in the regency of such schools and an expansion of students in relation to the equity between the sexes

A participação popular na elaboração de políticas públicas de desenvolvimento local: um estudo no Município de Serrinha/RN (1997-2004)

The question of participation has been debated in Brazil since the 1980 decade in search a better way to take care of poulation s demand. More specificaly after the democratic open (1985) begins to be thought ways to make population participates of decisions related to alocation of public resources. The characteristic of participates actualy doesn t exist, population to be carried through is, at top, consulted, and the fact population participates stays restrict to some technics interests at the projects, mainly of public politics of local development. Observe that this implementation happens through a process and that has its limits (pass) that could be surpassed through strategies made to that. This dissertation shows results of a research about participative practices in city of Serrinha between 1997 and 2004, showing through a study of the case of Serrinha what was the process used to carry through these pratices in a moment and local considered model of this application. The analyses were developed through a model of research elaborated by the author based on large literature respects the ideal process to implant a participative public politics. The present research had a qualitative boarding, being explorative and descritive nature. The researcher (author of this dissertation) carried through all the research phases, including the transcriptions of interviews that were recorded with a digital voice recorder. Before the analysis of these data was verified that despite the public manager (former-mayor) had had a real interest in implant a process of local development in city, he was not able to forsee the correct process to do it. Two high faults were made. The first was the intention to have as tool a development plan, what locked up to make this plan was the booster of supossed participative pratice and no the ideal model that would be a plan generate by popular initiative. The second one was absence of a critical education project for the population that should be the fisrt step to carry through a politc like that

Controle vetorial de velocidade de uma máquina de indução sem mancais trifásica com bobinado dividido utilizando estimação neural de fluxo

This work describes the study and the implementation of the vector speed control for a three-phase Bearingless induction machine with divided winding of 4 poles and 1,1 kW using the neural rotor flux estimation. The vector speed control operates together with the radial positioning controllers and with the winding currents controllers of the stator phases. For the radial positioning, the forces controlled by the internal machine magnetic fields are used. For the radial forces optimization , a special rotor winding with independent circuits which allows a low rotational torque influence was used. The neural flux estimation applied to the vector speed controls has the objective of compensating the parameter dependences of the conventional estimators in relation to the parameter machine s variations due to the temperature increases or due to the rotor magnetic saturation. The implemented control system allows a direct comparison between the respective responses of the speed and radial positioning controllers to the machine oriented by the neural rotor flux estimator in relation to the conventional flux estimator. All the system control is executed by a program developed in the ANSI C language. The DSP resources used by the system are: the Analog/Digital channels converters, the PWM outputs and the parallel and RS-232 serial interfaces, which are responsible, respectively, by the DSP programming and the data capture through the supervisory system

Detecção e isolamento de falhas em sistemas dinâmicos baseados em redes neurais

This master dissertation presents the development of a fault detection and isolation system based in neural network. The system is composed of two parts: an identification subsystem and a classification subsystem. Both of the subsystems use neural network techniques with multilayer perceptron training algorithm. Two approaches for identifica-tion stage were analyzed. The fault classifier uses only residue signals from the identification subsystem. To validate the proposal we have done simulation and real experiments in a level system with two water reservoirs. Several faults were generated above this plant and the proposed fault detection system presented very acceptable behavior. In the end of this work we highlight the main difficulties found in real tests that do not exist when it works only with simulation environments

Controle vetorial de velocidade de um motor de indução trifásico com estimação neural de fluxo

This work describes the study and the implementation of the speed control for a three-phase induction motor of 1,1 kW and 4 poles using the neural rotor flux estimation. The vector speed control operates together with the winding currents controller of the stator phasis. The neural flux estimation applied to the vector speed controls has the objective of compensating the parameter dependences of the conventional estimators in relation to the parameter machine s variations due to the temperature increases or due to the rotor magnetic saturation. The implemented control system allows a direct comparison between the respective responses of the speed controls to the machine oriented by the neural rotor flux estimator in relation to the conventional flux estimator. All the system control is executed by a program developed in the ANSI C language. The main DSP recources used by the system are, respectively, the Analog/Digital channels converters, the PWM outputs and the parallel and RS-232 serial interfaces, which are responsible, respectively, by the DSP programming and the data capture through the supervisory system

Comparação entre modelos equivalentes de aerogeradores síncronos utilizando o programa ATP

At present, the electricity generation through wind energy has an importance growing in the world, with the existence of very large plans for future wind power installation worldwide. Thus, the increasing the electricity generation through wind power requires, more and more, analysis of studies of interaction between wind parks and electric power systems. This paper has as purposes to implement equivalent models for synchronous wind generators to represent a wind park in ATP program and to check behavior of the models through simulations. Simulations with applications of faults were achieved to evaluate the behavior of voltages of system for each equivalent model, through comparisons between the results of models proposed, to verify if the differences obtained allows the adoption of the simplest model

Uma metodologia para modelagem e avaliação da dependabilidade de redes industriais sem fio

Ensuring the dependability requirements is essential for the industrial applications since faults may cause failures whose consequences result in economic losses, environmental damage or hurting people. Therefore, faced from the relevance of topic, this thesis proposes a methodology for the dependability evaluation of industrial wireless networks (WirelessHART, ISA100.11a, WIA-PA) on early design phase. However, the proposal can be easily adapted to maintenance and expansion stages of network. The proposal uses graph theory and fault tree formalism to create automatically an analytical model from a given wireless industrial network topology, where the dependability can be evaluated. The evaluation metrics supported are the reliability, availability, MTTF (mean time to failure), importance measures of devices, redundancy aspects and common cause failures. It must be emphasized that the proposal is independent of any tool to evaluate quantitatively the target metrics. However, due to validation issues it was used a tool widely accepted on academy for this purpose (SHARPE). In addition, an algorithm to generate the minimal cut sets, originally applied on graph theory, was adapted to fault tree formalism to guarantee the scalability of methodology in wireless industrial network environments (< 100 devices). Finally, the proposed methodology was validate from typical scenarios found in industrial environments, as star, line, cluster and mesh topologies. It was also evaluated scenarios with common cause failures and best practices to guide the design of an industrial wireless network. For guarantee scalability requirements, it was analyzed the performance of methodology in different scenarios where the results shown the applicability of proposal for networks typically found in industrial environments

Sistema híbrido para detecção e diagnóstico de falhas em sistemas dinâmicos

The industries are getting more and more rigorous, when security is in question, no matter is to avoid financial damages due to accidents and low productivity, or when it s related to the environment protection. It was thinking about great world accidents around the world involving aircrafts and industrial process (nuclear, petrochemical and so on) that we decided to invest in systems that could detect fault and diagnosis (FDD) them. The FDD systems can avoid eventual fault helping man on the maintenance and exchange of defective equipments. Nowadays, the issues that involve detection, isolation, diagnose and the controlling of tolerance fault are gathering strength in the academic and industrial environment. It is based on this fact, in this work, we discuss the importance of techniques that can assist in the development of systems for Fault Detection and Diagnosis (FDD) and propose a hybrid method for FDD in dynamic systems. We present a brief history to contextualize the techniques used in working environments. The detection of fault in the proposed system is based on state observers in conjunction with other statistical techniques. The principal idea is to use the observer himself, in addition to serving as an analytical redundancy, in allowing the creation of a residue. This residue is used in FDD. A signature database assists in the identification of system faults, which based on the signatures derived from trend analysis of the residue signal and its difference, performs the classification of the faults based purely on a decision tree. This FDD system is tested and validated in two plants: a simulated plant with coupled tanks and didactic plant with industrial instrumentation. All collected results of those tests will be discussed

Modelagem de máquina de indução trifásica sem mancais com bobinado dividido

This work presents a model of bearingless induction machine with divided winding. The main goal is to obtain a machine model to use a simpler control system as used in conventional induction machine and to know its behavior. The same strategies used in conventional machines were used to reach the bearingless induction machine model, which has made possible an easier treatment of the involved parameters. The studied machine is adapted from the conventional induction machine, the stator windings were divided and all terminals had been available. This method does not need an auxiliary stator winding for the radial position control which results in a more compact machine. Another issue about this machine is the variation of inductances array also present in result of the rotor displacement. The changeable air-gap produces variation in magnetic flux and in inductances consequently. The conventional machine model can be used for the bearingless machine when the rotor is centered, but in rotor displacement condition this model is not applicable. The bearingless machine has two sets of motor-bearing, both sets with four poles. It was constructed in horizontal position and this increases difficulty in implementation. The used rotor has peculiar characteristics; it is projected according to the stator to yield the greatest torque and force possible. It is important to observe that the current unbalance generated by the position control does not modify the machine characteristics, this only occurs due the radial rotor displacement. The obtained results validate the work; the data reached by a supervisory system corresponds the foreseen results of simulation which verify the model veracity

Uma ferramenta de manipulação de pacotes para análise de protocolos de redes industriais baseados em TCP/IP

This work presents a packet manipulation tool developed to realize tests in industrial devices that implements TCP/IP-based communication protocols. The tool was developed in Python programming language, as a Scapy extension. This tool, named IndPM- Industrial Packet Manipulator, can realize vulnerability tests in devices of industrial networks, industrial protocol compliance tests, receive server replies and utilize the Python interpreter to build tests. The Modbus/TCP protocol was implemented as proof-of-concept. The DNP3 over TCP protocol was also implemented but tests could not be realized because of the lack of resources. The IndPM results with Modbus/TCP protocol show some implementation faults in a Programmable Logic Controller communication module frequently utilized in automation companies

Reconhecimento de padrões de falhas em motores trifásicos utilizando redes neurais

This work presents a diagnosis faults system (rotor, stator, and contamination) of three-phase induction motor through equivalent circuit parameters and using techniques patterns recognition. The technology fault diagnostics in engines are evolving and becoming increasingly important in the field of electrical machinery. The neural networks have the ability to classify non-linear relationships between signals through the patterns identification of signals related. It is carried out induction motor´s simulations through the program Matlab R & Simulink R , and produced some faults from modifications in the equivalent circuit parameters. A system is implemented with multiples classifying neural network two neural networks to receive these results and, after well-trained, to accomplish the identification of fault´s pattern

Utilização de redes neurais artificiais para detecção e diagnóstico de falhas

In a real process, all used resources, whether physical or developed in software, are subject to interruptions or operational commitments. However, in situations in which operate critical systems, any kind of problem may bring big consequences. Knowing this, this paper aims to develop a system capable to detect the presence and indicate the types of failures that may occur in a process. For implementing and testing the proposed methodology, a coupled tank system was used as a study model case. The system should be developed to generate a set of signals that notify the process operator and that may be post-processed, enabling changes in control strategy or control parameters. Due to the damage risks involved with sensors, actuators and amplifiers of the real plant, the data set of the faults will be computationally generated and the results collected from numerical simulations of the process model. The system will be composed by structures with Artificial Neural Networks, trained in offline mode using Matlab®

Desacoplamento de um gerador síncrono através de um controle adaptativo por modelo de referência baseado em funções de Base radial

An alternative nonlinear technique for decoupling and control is presented. This technique is based on a RBF (Radial Basis Functions) neural network and it is applied to the synchronous generator model. The synchronous generator is a coupled system, in other words, a change at one input variable of the system, changes more than one output. The RBF network will perform the decoupling, separating the control of the following outputs variables: the load angle and flux linkage in the field winding. This technique does not require knowledge of the system parameters and, due the nature of radial basis functions, it shows itself stable to parametric uncertainties, disturbances and simpler when it is applied in control. The RBF decoupler is designed in this work for decouple a nonlinear MIMO system with two inputs and two outputs. The weights between hidden and output layer are modified online, using an adaptive law in real time. The adaptive law is developed by Lyapunov s Method. A decoupling adaptive controller uses the errors between system outputs and model outputs, and filtered outputs of the system to produce control signals. The RBF network forces each outputs of generator to behave like reference model. When the RBF approaches adequately control signals, the system decoupling is achieved. A mathematical proof and analysis are showed. Simulations are presented to show the performance and robustness of the RBF network

Sistema para detecção e diagnóstico de falhas em motores elétricos de indução utilizando lógica fuzzy

Induction motors are one of the most important equipment of modern industry. However, in many situations, are subject to inadequate conditions as high temperatures and pressures, load variations and constant vibrations, for example. Such conditions, leaving them more susceptible to failures, either external or internal in nature, unwanted in the industrial process. In this context, predictive maintenance plays an important role, where the detection and diagnosis of faults in a timely manner enables the increase of time of the engine and the possibiity of reducing costs, caused mainly by stopping the production and corrective maintenance the motor itself. In this juncture, this work proposes the design of a system that is able to detect and diagnose faults in induction motors, from the collection of electrical line voltage and current, and also the measurement of engine speed. This information will use as input to a fuzzy inference system based on rules that find and classify a failure from the variation of thess quantities

Sistema especialista para detecção de falhas em comandos elétricos

This work consists of the creation of a Specialist System which utilizes production rules to detect inadequacies in the command circuits of an operation system and commands of electric engines known as Direct Start. Jointly, three other modules are developed: one for the simulation of the commands diagram, one for the simulation of faults and another one for the correction of defects in the diagram, with the objective of making it possible to train the professionals aiming a better qualification for the operation and maintenance. The development is carried through in such a way that the structure of the task allows the extending of the system and a succeeding promotion of other bigger and more complex typical systems. The computational environment LabView is employed to enable the system