La descoberta del Jo. Programa individualitzat per a la incorporació social PINS

L’autoconsciència, la motivació, la empatia, el control emocional i les habilitats socials són cinc de les eines que configuren l’autoconeixement, sent aquest últim l’instrument bàsic per enfrontar-se al repte que suposa viure, des dels paràmetres de la Intel·ligències Emocional. De fet, l’autoconeixement és la clau del comportament per tal d’arribar a l’èxit. Èxit entès com a benestar i qualitat de vida. La importància que ha tingut incidir en aquest col·lectiu amb aquest tipus de praxis recau sobre els recorreguts vitals que les persones amb problemes de drogodependències han viscut, i sobretot, la manera en què els han viscut. Per aquest motiu, aquest projecte és un recurs concret que ha donat resposta a algunes de les necessitats detectades i ha proposat una línia de treball pedagògicament innovadora centrada en la persona; mantenint l’esperit de la flexibilitat i concreció a través del treball personal i grupal. Amb aquest projecte s’ha mostrat la importància del camp de l’educació emocional per a persones amb algun tipus de drogodependència, essent la primera part d’un programa per a la incorporació social que aborda una nova dimensió de treball en les Comunitats Terapèutiques.

Minimal requirements for parameters to be used for the development of predictive models for microbial source tracking. The example of the pair somatic coliphages and phages infecting Bacteroides

Several methods and approaches for measuring parameters to determine fecal sources of pollution in water have been developed in recent years. No single microbial or chemical parameter has proved sufficient to determine the source of fecal pollution. Combinations of parameters involving at least one discriminating indicator and one universal fecal indicator offer the most promising solutions for qualitative and quantitative analyses. The universal (nondiscriminating) fecal indicator provides quantitative information regarding the fecal load. The discriminating indicator contributes to the identification of a specific source. The relative values of the parameters derived from both kinds of indicators could provide information regarding the contribution to the total fecal load from each origin. It is also essential that both parameters characteristically persist in the environment for similar periods. Numerical analysis, such as inductive learning methods, could be used to select the most suitable and the lowest number of parameters to develop predictive models. These combinations of parameters provide information on factors affecting the models, such as dilution, specific types of animal source, persistence of microbial tracers, and complex mixtures from different sources. The combined use of the enumeration of somatic coliphages and the enumeration of Bacteroides-phages using different host specific strains (one from humans and another from pigs), both selected using the suggested approach, provides a feasible model for quantitative and qualitative analyses of fecal source identification.

Analytical Study on the Influence of Geometrical Parameters on the Fatigue Strength of Welds with Undercuts

The purpose of this study is to analyze the influence of geometric parameters on the fatigue strength of the welded joint. The thesis includes the analytical study pertaining to variation of undercut and the weld toe radius. The theoretical part includes the concepts of fracture mechanics, different stages of the crack propagation and finally the results. The numerical results are obtained from FRANC2D/L. The results show that the fatigue strength of the welded structure depends on the parameters of the welds such as the weld toe radius, weld angle, height of the undercut and plate thickness. The results show that the fatigue life can be improved by having the undercut as minimum as possible. However there has been significant variation on the fatigue life of the structure when the weld toe radius is increased.

A comparative study of ballpoint ink ageing parameters using GC/MS

For more than a decade scientists tried to develop methods capable of dating ink by monitoring the loss of phenoxyethanol (PE) over time. While many methods were proposed in the literature, few were really used to solve practical cases and they still raise much concern within the scientific community. In fact, due to the complexity of ink drying processes it is particularly difficult to find a reliable ageing parameter to reproducibly follow ink ageing. Moreover, systematic experiments are required in order to evaluate how different factors actually influence the results over time. Therefore, this work aimed at evaluating the capacity of four different ageing parameters to reliably follow ink ageing over time: (1) the quantity of solvent PE in an ink line, (2) the relative peak area (RPA) normalising the PE results using stable volatile compounds present in the ink formulation, (3) the solvent loss ratio (R%) calculated from PE results obtained by the analyses of naturally and artificially aged samples, (4) a modified solvent loss ratio version (R%*) calculated from RPA results. After the determination of the limits of reliable measurements of the analytical method, the repeatability of the different ageing parameters was evaluated over time, as well as the influence of ink composition, writing pressure and storage conditions on the results. Surprisingly, our results showed that R% was not the most reliable parameter, as it showed the highest standard deviation. Discussion of the results in an ink dating perspective suggests that other proposed parameters, such as RPA values, may be more adequate to follow ink ageing over time.

5C.09: Heritability of renal function parameters and electrolyte levels in the Swiss population

OBJECTIVE: Electrolytes handling by the kidney is essential for volume and blood pressure (BP) homeostasis but their distribution and heritability are not well described. We estimated the heritability of kidney function as well as of serum and urine concentrations, renal clearances and fractional excretions for sodium, chloride, potassium, calcium, phosphate and magnesium in a Swiss population-based study. DESIGN AND METHOD: Nuclear families were randomly selected from the general population in Switzerland. We estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) using the CKD-EPI and MDRD equations. Urine was collected separately during day and night over 24-hour. We used the ASSOC program (S.A.G.E.) to estimate narrow sense heritability, including as covariates in the model: age, sex, body mass index and study center. RESULTS: The 1128 participants (537 men and 591 women from 273 families), had mean (sd) age of 47.4(17.5) years, body mass index of 25.0 (4.5) kg/m2 and CKD-EPI of 98.0(18.5) mL/min/1.73 m2. Heritability estimates (SE) were 46.0% (0.06), 48.0% (0.06) and 18.0% (0.06) for CKD-EPI, MDRD and 24-hour creatinine clearance (P < 0.05), respectively. Heritability [SE] of serum concentration was highest for calcium (37%[0.06]) and lowest for sodium (13%[0.05]). Heritabilities [SE] of 24-h urine concentrations and excretions, and of fractional excretions were highest for calcium (51%[0.06], 44%[0.06] and 51%[0.06], respectively) and lowest for potassium (11%[0.05], 10%[0.05] and 16%[0.06], respectively). All results were statistically different from zero.(Figure is included in full-text article.) CONCLUSIONS: : Serum and urine levels, urinary excretions and renal handling of electrolytes, particularly calcium, are heritable in the general adult population. Identifying genetic variants involved in electrolytes homeostasis may provide useful insight into the pathophysiological mechanisms involved in common chronic diseases such as kidney diseases, hypertension and diabetes.

Puumassapesurin suotautumisolojen kartoitus ja simulointi

Työn tavoitteena oli tutkia sellumassan suotautumiseen liittyviä tekijöitä Ahlstrom Machineryn Drum Displacer™ -puumassapesurissa (DD-pesuri). Teoriaosassa tarkasteltiin aluksi suotautumisen teoriaa kuitu-vesi-suspensiossa, minkä jälkeen esiteltiin suotautumisnopeuteen vaikuttavia fysikaalisia ja kemiallisia vaikutusmekanismeja. Seuraavaksi kuvattiin massan pesun yleisiä perusteita sekä teoriaa puumassapesureissa. Lopuksi tarkasteltiin pesurien kytkeytymistä muuhun kuitulinjaan sekä prosessista johtuvia pesun toiminnan ulkoisia häiriötekijöitä. Kokeellisen osan aluksi tarkasteltiin paine- ja lämpötilamittauksien avulla massapesurissa vallitsevia prosessioloja. Mittaustulosten perusteella pumppausolot pesurin suodoslinjoissa ovat vaikeahkot ja häiriötilanteita voi esiintyä, mutta käytäntö on osoittanut tästä olevan vain harvoin haittaa prosessin toiminnalle. Pesureissa toteutuneet syrjäytysnopeudet laskettiin ja niitä verrattiin syrjäytystestien antamiin tuloksiin. Kuitulinjasta riippuen testin vastaavuus tehdasprosessiin vaihteli suuresti. Syrjäytystesteillä kokeiltiin myös tehdasprosesseissa usein esiintyvien muuttujien vaikutusta sellukakun syrjäytettävyyteen. Kakun paksuus ja syrjäytyslämpötila vaikuttivat syrjäytysnopeuteen Darcyn lain mukaisesti. Alipaineen massakakun alapuolella havaittiin huonontavan syrjäytysnopeutta verrattuna tilanteeseen, jossa kakun alla vallitsi ilmanpaine. Tämä havainto on selvästi ristiriidassa suotautumisen teorian kanssa. Massakakun muodostumis-pH osoittautui ratkaisevaksi lopulliselle syrjäytysnopeudelle, sillä alkalisissa oloissa muodostetun kuitukakun syrjäytysnopeus ei enää parantunut happamalla syrjäytysnesteellä. Happamissa oloissa muodostetun kakun syrjäytysnopeus oli alkalisista parempi, mutta se alkoi hitaasti alentua, kun syrjäytysneste vaihtui alkaliseen. Massan laimentaminen ennen syrjäytystä alkalisella tehdassuodoksella puhtaan veden sijasta alensi ligniinipitoisella massalla lopullista syrjäytysnopeutta. Shirato-Tillerin mallilla ja Jönssonin staattisella mallilla simuloitiin numeerisesti syrjäytystestiä kahdessa eri pH:ssa, ja simulointituloksia verrattiin vastaavissa oloissa tehtyihin syrjäytystesteihin. Shirato-Tillerin mallin antamien syrjäytysnopeuksien havaittiin olevan lähellä syrjäytystestien nopeuksia, kun Jönssonin mallin antamat tulokset jäivät huomattavasti testituloksia alemmiksi. Herkkyystarkastelussa havaittiin mallien olevan varsin herkkiä parametrien virheille. Hajonta vaadittavien kuituparametrien määrityksissä ja menetelmien työläys rajoittavat numeerisen simuloinnin käytettävyyttä, sillä kuituparametrien määrityksen vaatima työmäärä on ainakin toistaiseksi syrjäytystestiä suurempi. Lopuksi todettiin, että oikeiden syrjäytysolosuhteiden käyttö on ensiarvoisen tärkeää oikeiden tulosten saamiseksi sekä kokeellisessa että numeerisessa simuloinnissa. Nykyinen syrjäytystestilaitteisto on pienin muutoksin käyttökelpoinen, kun massan testaus prosessioloissa tulee rutiininomaiseksi.

The Optimization of Flotation Process Parameters in the Deinking Plant

Tämän diplomityön tavoitteena oli sekundäärisen esiflotaation optimointi Stora Enso Sachsen GmbH:n tehtaalla. Optimoinnin muuttujana käytettiin vaahdon määrää ja optimointiparametreinä ISO-vaaleutta, saantoja sekä tuhkapitoisuutta. Lisäksi tutkittiin flotaatiosakeuden vaikutusta myös muihin tehtaan flotaatioprosesseihin. Kirjallisuusosassa tarkasteltiin flotaatiotapahtumaa, poistettavien partikkeleiden ja ilmakuplien kontaktia, vaahdon muodostumista sekä tärkeimpiä käytössä olevia siistausflotaattoreiden laiteratkaisuja. Kokeellisessa osassa tutkittiin flotaatiosakeuden pienetämisen vaikutuksia tehtaan flotaatioprosesseihin tuhkapitoisuuden, ISO-vaaleuden, valon sironta- ja valon absorpiokerrointen kannalta. Sekundäärisen esiflotaation optimonti suoritettiin muuttamalla vaahdon määrää kolmella erilaisella injektorin koolla, (8 mm, 10 mm ja 13 mm), joista keskimmäinen kasvattaa 30 % massan tilavuusvirtaa ilmapitoisuuden muodossa. Optimonnin tarkoituksena oli kasvattaa hyväksytyn massajakeen ISO-vaaleutta, sekä kasvattaa kuitu- ja kokonaissaantoa sekundäärisessä esiflotaatiossa. Flotaatiosakeuden pienentämisellä oli edullisia vaikutuksia ISO-vaaleuteen ja valon sirontakertoimeen kussakin flotaatiossa. Tuhkapitoisuus pieneni sekundäärisissä flotaatioissa enemmän sakeuden ollessa pienempi, kun taas primäärisissä flotaatiossa vaikutus oli päinvastainen. Valon absorptiokerroin parani jälkiflotaatioissa alhaisemmalla sakeudella, kun taas esiflotaatioissa vaikutus oli päinvastainen. Sekundäärisen esiflotaation optimoinnin tuloksena oli lähes 5 % parempi ISO-vaaleus hyväksytyssä massajakeessa. Kokonaissaanto parani optimoinnin myötä 5 % ja kuitusaanto 2 %. Saantojen nousu tuottaa vuosittaisia säästöjä siistauslaitoksen tuotantokapasiteetin noustessa 0,5 %. Tämän lisäksi sekundäärisessä esiflotaatiossa rejektoituvan massavirran pienentyminen tuottaa lisäsäästöjä tehtaan voimalaitoksella.

Por vital

Cal que aprenguem a gestionar la por, amb el convenciment profund i optimista que la superarem

Clinically meaningful parameters of progression and long-term outcome of Parkinson disease: An international consensus statement.

Parkinson disease (PD) is associated with a clinical course of variable duration, severity, and a combination of motor and non-motor features. Recent PD research has focused primarily on etiology rather than clinical progression and long-term outcomes. For the PD patient, caregivers, and clinicians, information on expected clinical progression and long-term outcomes is of great importance. Today, it remains largely unknown what factors influence long-term clinical progression and outcomes in PD; recent data indicate that the factors that increase the risk to develop PD differ, at least partly, from those that accelerate clinical progression and lead to worse outcomes. Prospective studies will be required to identify factors that influence progression and outcome. We suggest that data for such studies is collected during routine office visits in order to guarantee high external validity of such research. We report here the results of a consensus meeting of international movement disorder experts from the Genetic Epidemiology of Parkinson's Disease (GEO-PD) consortium, who convened to define which long-term outcomes are of interest to patients, caregivers and clinicians, and what is presently known about environmental or genetic factors influencing clinical progression or long-term outcomes in PD. We propose a panel of rating scales that collects a significant amount of phenotypic information, can be performed in the routine office visit and allows international standardization. Research into the progression and long-term outcomes of PD aims at providing individual prognostic information early, adapting treatment choices, and taking specific measures to provide care optimized to the individual patient's needs.

Assessment of the levels of degradation in fat co- and by-products for feed uses and their relationships with some lipid composition parameters

This paper discusses the levels of degradation of some co- and byproducts of the food chain intended for feed uses. As the first part of a research project, 'Feeding Fats Safety', financed by the sixth Framework Programme-EC, a total of 123 samples were collected from 10 European countries, corresponding to fat co- and byproducts such as animal fats, fish oils, acid oils from refining, recycled cooking oils, and other. Several composition and degradation parameters (moisture, acid value, diacylglycerols and monoacylglycerols, peroxides, secondary oxidation products, polymers of triacylglycerols, fatty acid composition, tocopherols, and tocotrienols) were evaluated. These findings led to the conclusion that some fat by- and coproducts, such as fish oils, lecithins, and acid oils, show poor, nonstandardized quality and that production processes need to be greatly improved. Conclusions are also put forward about the applicability and utility of each analytical parameter for characterization and quality control.

Ciclo vital y posicion sistematica de Jaagiella alpicola Vischer (Chlorophyceae)

Jaagiella alpicola fue aislada de suelos del Cap Norfeu (Gerona) mediante cultivos de enriquecimiento. Las células vegetativas son uninucleadas y contienen un cloroplasto parietal sin pirenoide. La reproducción asexual se lleva a cabo por bipartición y mediante acinetos y esporas móviles biflageladas. Las zoosporas se desarrollan directamente, después de su liberación, dando lugar a un talo heterótrico. El estudio de la división de las células vegetativas, mediante MET, ha revelado que se forma un huso mitótico metacéntrico en la telofase. Todas las características observadas indican que J. alpicola debe situarse en el orden Pleurastroles (Pleurastrophyceae).

Meta-analysis of the influence of bonding parameters on the clinical outcome of tooth-colored cervical restorations

PURPOSE: To meta-analyze the literature on the clinical performance of Class V restorations to assess the factors that influence retention, marginal integrity, and marginal discoloration of cervical lesions restored with composite resins, glass-ionomer-cement-based materials [glass-ionomer cement (GIC) and resin-modified glass ionomers (RMGICs)], and polyacid-modified resin composites (PMRC). MATERIALS AND METHODS: The English literature was searched (MEDLINE and SCOPUS) for prospective clinical trials on cervical restorations with an observation period of at least 18 months. The studies had to report about retention, marginal discoloration, marginal integrity, and marginal caries and include a description of the operative technique (beveling of enamel, roughening of dentin, type of isolation). Eighty-one studies involving 185 experiments for 47 adhesives matched the inclusion criteria. The statistical analysis was carried out by using the following linear mixed model: log (-log (Y /100)) = β + α log(T ) + error with β = log(λ), where β is a summary measure of the non-linear deterioration occurring in each experiment, including a random study effect. RESULTS: On average, 12.3% of the cervical restorations were lost, 27.9% exhibited marginal discoloration, and 34.6% exhibited deterioration of marginal integrity after 5 years. The calculation of the clinical index was 17.4% of failures after 5 years and 32.3% after 8 years. A higher variability was found for retention loss and marginal discoloration. Hardly any secondary caries lesions were detected, even in the experiments with a follow-up time longer than 8 years. Restorations placed using rubber-dam in teeth whose dentin was roughened showed a statistically significantly higher retention rate than those placed in teeth with unprepared dentin or without rubber-dam (p < 0.05). However, enamel beveling had no influence on any of the examined variables. Significant differences were found between pairs of adhesive systems and also between pairs of classes of adhesive systems. One-step self-etching had a significantly worse clinically index than two-step self-etching and three-step etch-and-rinse (p = 0.026 and p = 0.002, respectively). CONCLUSION: The clinical performance is significantly influenced by the type of adhesive system and/or the adhesive class to which the system belongs. Whether the dentin/enamel is roughened or not and whether rubberdam isolation is used or not also significantly influenced the clinical performance. Composite resin restorations placed with two-step self-etching and three-step etch-and-rinse adhesive systems should be preferred over onestep self-etching adhesive systems, GIC-based materials, and PMRCs.

Flash Memory Cells Reliability Parameters Investigation

The present work is a part of the large project with purpose to qualify the Flash memory for automotive application using a standardized test and measurement flow. High memory reliability and data retention are the most critical parameters in this application. The current work covers the functional tests and data retention test. The purpose of the data retention test is to obtain the data retention parameters of the designed memory, i.e. the maximum time of information storage at specified conditions without critical charge leakage. For this purpose the charge leakage from the cells, which results in decrease of cells threshold voltage, was measured after a long-time hightemperature treatment at several temperatures. The amount of lost charge for each temperature was used to calculate the Arrhenius constant and activation energy for the discharge process. With this data, the discharge of the cells at different temperatures during long time can be predicted and the probability of data loss after years can be calculated. The memory chips, investigated in this work, were 0.035 μm CMOS Flash memory testchips, designed for further use in the Systems-on-Chips for automotive electronics.