Autonomous bathymetry for risk assessment with ROAZ robotic surface vehicle

The use of unmanned marine robotic vehicles in bathymetric surveys is discussed. This paper presents recent results in autonomous bathymetric missions with the ROAZ autonomous surface vehicle. In particular, robotic surface vehicles such as ROAZ provide an efficient tool in risk assessment for shallow water environments and water land interface zones as the near surf zone in marine coast. ROAZ is an ocean capable catamaran for distinct oceanographic missions, and with the goal to fill the gap were other hydrographic surveys vehicles/systems are not compiled to operate, like very shallow water rivers and marine coastline surf zones. Therefore, the use of robotic systems for risk assessment is validated through several missions performed either in river scenario (in a very shallow water conditions) and in marine coastlines.

Influência das energias renováveis na certificação energética de uma habitação de acordo com o regulamento do desempenho energético dos edifícios de habitação

A presente dissertação tem como objetivo principal o estudo da importância que os sistemas de energias renováveis têm na obtenção da classe de eficiência energética em edifícios de habitação. Analisou-se assim, qual dos sistemas apresentados na legislação é mais vantajoso na relação entre a classe energética e o investimento necessário a efetuar. Como caso de estudo, utilizou-se um edifício de habitação em fase de projeto situada em ambiente urbano, a uma distância muito curta da costa marítima, no distrito do Porto. A primeira etapa da dissertação passou pela caracterização do edifício, determinando as suas necessidades nominais anuais de energia para aquecimento, para arrefecimento, para preparação de águas quentes sanitárias e por fim, as necessidades nominais de energia primária. Com isto, obteve-se a classe de eficiência energética da habitação sem a utilização de qualquer tipo de sistema de aproveitamento de energia renovável. Após esta obtenção, verificou-se que o edifício em análise já possuía uma classe muito eficiente, classe A, superior à classe mínima exigida pelo regulamento, B-. A desvantagem do edifício já possuir esta classe é que a implementação de sistemas de energia não iriam alterar drasticamente a classe, e por isso, não se iria conseguir retirar uma dedução correta de qual o melhor para promover a eficiência energética. De seguida, procedeu-se ao estudo dos sistemas de energia renovável, apresentando sistemas adequados para a habitação e calculando-se as novas classes de eficiência energética, com a utilização de cada sistema. Consecutivamente, começou-se a retirar ilações dos sistemas mais eficientes, ou seja, os sistemas que tem como função aquecer a moradia ou a função de preparar águas quentes sanitárias, pois, iriam mitigar necessidades nominais de energia, enquanto os sistemas de produção de energia elétrica apenas iriam contribuir para uma melhoria energética. Outra desvantagem verificada foi que, devido ao local onde a habitação se situa, não seria possível efetuar uma análise a todos os sistemas de aproveitamento de energia renovável. iv Por fim, efetuou-se uma análise dos investimentos necessários para a implementação dos sistemas de energias renováveis face às diminuições percentuais do rácio de eficiência energética. Posto isto, obteve-se os melhores sistemas a implementar na moradia, no ponto de vista de melhorar a classe de eficiência energética, seria uma caldeira a pellets com função de aquecimento e produção de águas quentes sanitárias, enquanto que, do ponto de vista financeiro obteve-se o sistema de aquecimento e produção de águas quentes sanitárias através de um recuperador de calor a lenha, que em ambos os casos a classe de eficiência energética passou de A para A+.

Hábitos e problemas do sono das crianças dos 2 a 10 anos

RESUMO: Enquadramento: O sono é cada vez mais reconhecido como um fator determinante na Saúde Infantil porque, quando desadequado, pode ter consequências na regulação emocional e do comportamento, nas funções cognitivas, no rendimento académico, na regulação do peso e no risco de lesões acidentais. Os hábitos e problemas do sono das crianças portuguesas não se encontram ainda bem caracterizados. Este conhecimento é importante para o desenvolvimento da investigação e para a promoção da saúde nesta área. Objetivos: Adaptar e validar o Children's Sleep Habits Questionnaire (CSHQ) para a cultura portuguesa; Caracterizar os hábitos de sono de uma amostra de crianças dos 2 aos 10 anos tendo em vista a obtenção de dados de referência; Estimar a prevalência dos problemas do sono na perspetiva dos pais; Avaliar se existem diferenças nos hábitos e problemas do sono entre as regiões de média-alta e baixa densidade populacional; Identificar potenciais consequências dos problemas do sono. Métodos: Foi realizado um estudo transversal, descritivo e correlacional. A versão portuguesa do questionário (CSHQ-PT) foi desenvolvida de acordo com as orientações previamente publicadas e validada numa amostra de 315 crianças dos 2 aos 10 anos. Para o estudo dos hábitos e problemas do sono, o CSHQ-PT foi distribuído aos pais de 2257 crianças recrutadas em 17 zonas de agrupamentos escolares (15 escolhidos de forma aleatória) das áreas da Grande Lisboa, Península de Setúbal e Alentejo, compreendendo zonas litorais e do interior, e de alta, média e baixa densidade populacional. Foram obtidos 1450 (64%) questionários válidos. Resultados: O CSHQ-PT mostrou propriedades psicométricas semelhantes às das versões de outros países e adequadas para a investigação. A avaliação dos hábitos de sono nos dias de semana mostrou que as crianças se deitam, em média, pelas 21h 44m (DP 38 min.). A necessidade da companhia dos pais para adormecer diminui com a idade, ocorrendo em 49% das crianças aos 2-3 anos e 10% aos 9-10 anos. O hábito de adormecer a ver televisão foi descrito em 15,8% das crianças. O tempo total de sono diário diminui com a idade, com uma diferença mais marcada dos 2 para os 3 anos e dos 3 para os 4 anos, quando a sesta se torna menos frequente. No fim de semana, 25% das crianças dormia pelo menos mais uma hora. As diferenças nos hábitos de sono entre regiões de média-alta e de baixa densidade populacional foram reduzidas, sem reflexo na duração média do sono. Considerando valores de referência de outros países, verificou-se que 10% das crianças estudadas tinha uma duração do sono dois desvios-padrão abaixo da média esperada para a idade. A prevalência dos problemas do sono na perspetiva dos pais foi de 10,4%, sem diferenças significativas entre classes etárias, subgrupos de nível educacional dos pais, nem entre zonas de média-alta e baixa densidade populacional. Estes problemas do sono mostraram-se associados, sobretudo, à duração do sono insuficiente, resistência em ir para a cama, dificuldade em adormecer sozinho, despertares noturnos frequentes e ocorrência de parassónias. A baixa prevalência de problemas do sono identificados pelos pais contrasta com cotações elevadas no CSHQ-PT que traduzem comportamentos-problema mais frequentes, que são bem aceites por alguns pais. O Índice de Perturbação do Sono foi mais elevado nas famílias com menor nível educacional. Em análise multivariada mostraram valor preditivo para a sonolência diurna: o tempo total de sono diário, a diferença da duração do sono noturno durante a semana e no fim de semana, a frequência de algumas parassónias e o hábito de adormecer a ver televisão. O rendimento escolar mostrou associação com os problemas do sono, que são mais frequentes nas crianças com dificuldades escolares e hiperatividade/problemas de atenção. A relação entre estas variáveis é complexa. Conclusões: Este estudo mostrou que os problemas comportamentais do sono e a privação de sono são frequentes na população estudada. Estes problemas têm consequências, uma vez que correspondem a uma frequência mais elevada de sintomas de sonolência diurna, por comparação com outros países. Perante este cenário, é muito importante reforçar a promoção de hábitos de sono saudáveis e continuar a estudar as consequências do sono desadequado nas crianças portuguesas. -----------ABSTRACT:Framework: Sleep is increasingly being recognized as important to Child Health, for inadequate sleep may impact behavioral and emotional regulation, cognitive functions, academic performance, weight regulation and the risk of accidental injuries. The sleep habits and sleep problems of Portuguese children are not well characterized. This knowledge is important to support further studies and health promotion actions. Objectives: Develop and validate a Portuguese version of the Children's Sleep Habits Questionnaire (CSHQ-PT); Characterize the sleep habits and problems in a sample of Portuguese children from the ages of 2 to 10 for future reference; Estimate the prevalence of parent-defined sleep problems; Assess whether there are differences in sleep habits and problems between regions of medium-high and low population densities; Identify potential consequences of sleep problems. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional, descriptive and correlational study. The Portuguese version of the questionnaire (CSHQ-PT) was developed according to published guidelines and validated in a sample of 315 children from 2 to 10 years old (y.o.). In order to study sleep habits and problems we delivered the CSHQ-PT to 2257 children recruited from 17 school districts (15 were chosen randomly) in areas with low, medium and high population densities, including coastline and inland regions. 1450 (64%) valid questionnaires were obtained. Results: The CSHQ-PT demonstrated psychometric properties that were similar to the versions from other countries and adequate for research. The evaluation of sleep habits showed that on schooldays children go to bed, on average, at 21h 44m (SD 38 min.). The need of having the parent in the room at bedtime decreases with the age of the child, occurring in 49% of children with 2-3 y.o. and 10% of children between 9 and 10 y.o. The habit of going asleep while watching TV was reported in 15,8% of the children. Total sleep time diminishes with the age of the child, having a major decrease from 2 to 3 y.o. and from 3 to 4 y.o., along with less frequent naps. During the weekend, 25% of the children sleep at least one extra hour. Considering reference values from other series, we found that 10% of the children had a sleep duration two standard deviations below the mean for the age. The differences in sleep habits between regions of medium-high and low population densities are few, and there are no differences in average sleep durations. The prevalence of parent-defined sleep problems was 10.4%. There were no significant differences between age classes, parent education subgroups or between regions of medium-high and low population densities. These sleep problems were associated with insufficient sleep duration, bedtime resistance, difficulty in falling asleep alone, frequent night awakenings and the occurrence of parasomnias. The low prevalence of parent-defined sleep problems contrasts with high CSHQ scores meaning that problematic behaviors are more frequent, but acceptable to some parents. The Sleep Disturbance Score was higher in families with a lower educational level. In multivariate analysis, the following factors predicted the daytime somnolence score: total sleep time, the difference in night sleep duration between the weekend and school days, the frequency of some parasomnias and the habit of falling asleep while watching TV. School achievement showed a negative correlation with the sleep problems, which are more frequent in children with school difficulties and hyperactivity/attention problems. The relationship between these variables is complex. Conclusions: This study evidenced that behavioral sleep problems and sleep deprivation are common in our population. These sleep problems have consequences as they correspond to more symptoms of excessive daytime somnolence comparing to other countries. Therefore, we reinforce the importance of promoting healthy sleep habits and further study the consequences of inadequate sleep in Portuguese children.

Principales corrientes marinas frente a la costa peruana durante el 2008-2009

El estudio comprende cuatro corrientes marinas. La Extensión Sur de la Corriente de Cromwell (ESCC) en otoño e invierno 2008 tuvo proyección hasta los 7°30’S; en primavera y verano se ubicó sobre su posición normal, al norte de 6°S; en otoño e invierno 2009 llegó hasta 9°S, y en primavera hasta los 7°S. La Contra Corriente Peruano Chilena (CCPC) presentó pocas diferencias de ubicación durante el 2008 y 2009, localizándose por fuera de las 40 mn y por debajo de los 50 m de profundidad; pero frente a Pisco y San Juan se aproximó hasta las 20 mn de la costa. La Corriente Costera Peruana (CCP), con escasas diferencias de ubicación, se desplazó de sur a norte sobre los 50 m de profundidad en áreas cercanas a la costa con velocidad de 20 cm/s en 2008, y de 28 cm/s en 2009. La Corriente Oceánica Peruana (COP), en todos los registros se halló por fuera de las 80 mn, se proyectó hasta Punta Falsa desviándose luego al oeste, con velocidad de hasta 37 cm/s en 2008.

Sedimentos marinos superficiales del litoral de Tacna, Perú, 2004

Los sedimentos submarinos colectados a fines de setiembre 2004 a profundidades <50 m, al sur de la desembocadura del río Sama (18°10’S), fueron predominantemente arenosos (>60%). El mayor contenido de la fracción fina, de limo y arcilla (±35%), se ubicó en las zonas más profundas del área en estudio y en los extremos norte (frente a Cerro Cortado) y al sur (Los Palos), que incluyen también zonas de menor profundidad. En la zona central, la pendiente tiene la mayor inclinación de toda la zona estudiada, y el tamaño promedio del grano del sedimento es más grande; estas condiciones constituyen un reflejo de la mayor energía hidrodinámica que existe. En la zona central también se observa la típica disminución del tamaño de grano, según se incrementa la profundidad y la lejanía de la línea de costa. La distribución de materia orgánica mostró tendencia similar a la de fracción fina, con un máximo de 5,02%.

Calidad del ambiente marino y costero en la Región Áncash, 2012

Entre abril y octubre 2012, se evaluó la línea costera y las bahías Coishco, El Ferrol, Samanco, Tortuga, Casma, Huarmey y Caleta Culebras y los ríos Santa, Lacramarca, Casma, Culebras, Huarmey y Samanco. Se localizaron valores termohalinos propios de Aguas Costeras Frías (ACF) con influencias de vertidos antropogénicos y variaciones locales del proceso de evaporación. En abril el oxígeno disuelto presentó valores >5,00 mg/L en toda el área a excepción de la bahía Coishco (3,72 mg/L); en octubre la concentración más alta estuvo en Samanco (7,51 mg/L) y la más baja en Huarmey (2,53 mg/L), el pH estuvo en relación directa con el oxígeno. En abril y octubre los agentes contaminantes de sólidos suspendidos totales presentaron valores >30,00 mg/L en las bahías Coishco, El Ferrol y Tortuga, superando lo permitido por los Estándares Nacionales de Calidad Ambiental para Agua, categoría 4. En abril y octubre la calidad de agua en la cuenca baja de los ríos Santa, Lacramarca, Casma, Culebras y Huarmey respecto a la concentración de la demanda bioquímica de oxígeno estuvo dentro de los Estándares Nacionales de Calidad Ambiental para Agua, categoría 4.

Disabled legislators : disability and Irish colonial pathology in James Joyce's Ulysses

Why are there so many disabled characters in James Joyce's Ulysses? "Disabled Legislators" seeks to answer this question by exploring the variety and depth of disability's presence in Joyce's novel. This consideration also recognizes the unique place disability finds within what Lennard Davis calls "the roster of the disenfranchised" in order to define Joyce as possessing a "disability consciousness;" that is, an empathetic understanding (given his own eye troubles) of the damaged lives of the disabled, the stigmatization of the disabled condition, and the appropriation of disabled representations by literary works reinforcing normalcy. The analysis of four characters (Gerty MacDowell, the blind stripling, the onelegged sailor, and Stephen Dedalus) treats disability as a singular self-concept, while still making necessary associations to comparably created marginal identities-predominantly the colonial Other. This effort reevaluates how Ulysses operates in opposition to liberal Victorian paradigms, highlighting disability's connections to issues of gender, intolerance, self-identification and definition.

St. Catharines and District Council of Women fonds

The St. Catharines and District Council of Women was founded in 1918 and elected as its first president, Mary Malcolmson. In 1910 Mrs. Malcolmson founded North America’s first Girl Guide Association in St. Catharines. The aim of the organization was to work for the betterment of conditions pertaining to the family, community and state. The Council is an umbrella group for various women’s organizations in the area and functions at the provincial, national and international levels and is associated with the United Nations. In the early years the National Council brought in the Victorian Order of Nurses (VON) and started the Women’s Canadian Club. The St. Catharines Council initiated Child Welfare Centres in local churches that grew into the Well Baby Clinics. Women were encouraged to take political office and join committees with much success. In 1929, “Shop at Home” exhibition became an annual event highlighting the services of local merchants. Money raised by the Council was donated to local charities and in 1930 the Council assisted the local Armenian community in building the first Armenian Church in Canada. In 1932 the Council started the Maternal Welfare programme in which Mothers’ Meetings were held weekly with various speakers from the Public Health Department. In 1975 to celebrate International Women’s Year and the 1976 Centennial of the City of St. Catharines, the group sponsored the book Women of Action, 1876-1976, written by two of its members, Lily M. Bell and Kathleen E. Bray. Some time after 1976 the name of the organization changed from St. Catharines Local Council of Women to St. Catharines and District Council of Women. Today the organization functions as an advocacy and educational group.

Woodruff Family fonds, 1784 – 1983, (non-inclusive)

The Woodruff Family Collection: From the time the Woodruff Family came to Canada from the United States in 1795, they took an active role in the forming of their communities both in a civic and social manner. This is evident through the documents contained in this collection. The Woodruffs played an active role in the battles fought in Upper Canada and they were an integral part of the Village of St. Davids. They were educated, business-minded and socially engaged. They accumulated much of their fortune through land dealings. Much of this collection focuses on Samuel DeVeaux Woodruff who was principally a businessman. His dedication to his work is shown through his numerous undertakings. He made his mark on the Niagara Peninsula through his work on the railways, roads, marsh land revisions, canals and the paper industry. He was also involved with the founding of the Long Point Company and he took control of building DeVeaux Hall down to the last detail. His offspring inherited his work ethic and his business acumen. The people who married into the Woodruff Family also possessed key social, political and business ties. Anne and Margaret Clement were from a staunch Loyalist background. Samuel Zimmerman was instrumental to the founding of Niagara Falls and Judge Samuel DeVeaux left behind a legacy for poor and homeless boys in Niagara Falls, New York. The Woodruff Family undoubtedly left a mark on the Niagara Peninsula. This collection brings to light many endeavours of the family and their varied contributions.

La représentation romancée de la classe ouvrière à l'époque mi-victorienne en Grande-Bretagne

Ce mémoire a pour objet le socioréalisme victorien, un moment de l’art anglais pendant lequel s’est développée une déclinaison originale de la tendance réaliste qui a laissé sa marque un peu partout en Europe dans le courant du 19e siècle. À une époque où l’Angleterre s’affirme comme le haut lieu de la modernité industrielle, les dures conditions de vie imposées par les transformations socio-économiques en train de s’accomplir trouvent peu à peu à s’exprimer dans les arts, où leur représentation met à mal les canons esthétiques établis et l’idéologie qui les sous-tend. Alors qu’en France la figure du paysan est le plus souvent associée à la vision et au programme des réalistes, c’est vers le prolétaire urbain que vont se tourner des artistes anglais interpellés, à l’instar de certains écrivains, intellectuels, législateurs et spécialistes divers, par les ravages humains que cause la course aveugle vers le progrès et vers le profit. Si le roman « industriel » à la Dickens donne le ton en nous offrant quelques victimes types des bas-fonds de Londres, des illustrateurs emboîtent le pas, notamment grâce à la presse illustrée. Une iconographie du pauvre, où l’enfant et la femme occupent l’avant-scène, se met en place et se diffuse largement grâce à la capacité d’invention que permettent les nouveaux médiums de reproduction mécanique. Le journal The Graphic retient notre attention parce que certains de ses imagiers –Francis Montague Holl (1845-1888), Samuel Luke Fildes (1843-1927) et Hubert von Herkomer (1849-1914) - ont aussi pratiqué la peinture et transposé, dans des tableaux aux dimensions imposantes, des sujets qu’ils avaient déjà exploités dans la gravure. Prenant pour corpus une production visuelle qui semble avoir pour projet de rendre le réel en direct, dans toute sa dureté, notre mémoire explore cependant les aspects fictionnels et les manipulations rhétoriques auxquelles les imagiers doivent se prêter pour faire passer leur message. Certaines de ces manipulations sont imposées de l’extérieur, par la nécessité de ne pas confronter les bien nantis à une situation de révolte potentielle, mais de les inciter à la charité en les apitoyant sur le sort des plus démunis. D’autres dérivent des médiums eux-mêmes, le passage de la gravure à la peinture et du petit au grand format, de la consommation privée à l’exposition publique, imposant des stratégies compositionnelles et des factures différentes.

Representing Leigh Hunt’s Autobiography

That study attempted to elaborate the problematic of [Leigh Hunt's] position within the London literary and political scene between the years 1805 and1828, the contributions he made to British literature and journalism, and his public standing at the end of the romantic period. Since Hunt's life is obviously too complex to be rendered fully in any single study, the idea was not to attempt an exhaustive history, but rather to present a starting point for further inquiry into Hunt's career as a writer and public figure under the reign of Queen Victoria. [...]

Totally Clueless : Heckerling and Queer Sexuality in Austen’s « Emma »

This chapter offers a new reading of the sexual politics that are at play in Jane Austen's 1816 "Emma" through the exploration of film director Amy Heckerling's retelling of Austen's original story. Heckerling's 1995 film, "Clueless", can be understood as a free translation of "Emma" which allows an interrogation of some of the novel's received readings, especially those related to its male characters. [...]

Integrated Management for Sustainable Development of Coastal Zones – A Gis Based Study on the Central Kerala Coast

The present study focuses on the stability of the coast, exploitation of the coastal resources, human activities within the study are that extends from Fort Cochin at north to Thottappally at south, central Kerala State and hinterlands, socio-economic problems of the coastal community and the environmental issues arising in the recent past due to human activities. The objective of the study is critically analyse the coastal zone region and prevailing situation and to propose a comprehensive management plan for the sustainable development of the region under study. The thesis covers varied aspects of coastal uses like fisheries, tourism, land use, water resources etc. To critically examine the above scenarios, the ILWIS (Integrated Land and Water Information Systems) – GIS software has been used. A satellite image of the area has been used for the coastline change detection and land use patterns. The outcome of the present study will be beneficial to the various stakeholders within the coastal region and its hinterlands. To further add, this study should find better applications to similar or near-similar situations of Southeast Asia where identical scenarios are noticeable.

Coral Reef Ecosystem of Lakshadweep Archipelago –A Biogeochemical Facsimile

The present study focuses on the biochemical aspects of six islands belonging to Lakshadweep Archipelago – namely Kavaratti, Kadamath, Kiltan, Androth, Agathy and Minicoy. Lakshadweep, which is an area biologically significant due to isolation from the major coastline, remains as one of the least studied areas in Indian Ocean. The work, processed out the distributional pattern of trace metals among the biotic (corols, sea weeds and sea grass) and abiotic component (sediments) of ecosystem. An effort is made to picturise the spatial distribution pattern of different forms of nitrogen and phosphorus in the various sedimentary environments of the study area. Studies on the biogeochemical and nutrient aspects of the concerned study area scanty. In Lakshadweep, the local life is very dependent on reefs and its resources. The important stress which produce a threatening effort on the existence for coral reefs are anthropogenic-namely-organic and inorganic pollution from sewage, agricultural and industrial waters, sediment damage from excessive land cleaning, and over exploitation particularly through destructive fishing methods. In addition these one other more localized or less service anthropogenic stress: pollution by oil and other hydrocarbons, complex organic molecular and heavy metal pollution, and destructive engineering practices.

Intervariability of Phosphorus Speciation in Selected Mangrove Ecosystems Around the Greater Cochin

Mangrove forests are best developed on tropical shorelines where there is an extensive intertidal zone, with an abundant supply of fine-grained sediment. It receives a mixture of liable and refractory organic and inorganic phosphorus compounds from the overlying water and the surrounding landmasses. Organic phosphorus is not available for mangrove plant nutrition. While inorganic phosphate represents the largest potential pool of plant-available and which are bound in the form of Ca, Fe and Al phosphate. It deals with the scientific investigations on mangrove systems in the Kerala coastline and to investigate nutrient distribution of mangrove ecosystems of greater Cochin area. It discusses the description of study areas such as Murikkumpadam-Vypeen Island and Aroor. Then it deals with the spatial and seasonal distribution of dissolved ammonia, nitrite, nitrate, inorganic phosphate, organic phosphate and the total phosphorus in surface waters of mangrove fringed creeks. Then it discusses the geochemical compositions of mangrove-fringed sediments and also the chemical speciation of phosphorus in sediment cores.