Relation of allium vegetables intake with head and neck cancers : evidence from the INHANCE consortium

SCOPE: Only a few studies analyzed the role of allium vegetables with reference to head and neck cancers (HNC), with mixed results. We investigated the potential favorable role of garlic and onion within the International Head and Neck Cancer Epidemiology (INHANCE) Consortium. METHODS AND RESULTS: We analyzed pooled individual-level data from eight case-control studies, including 4590 cases and 7082 controls. We estimated odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for associations between garlic and onion intakes and HNC risk. Compared with no or low garlic use, the ORs of HNC were 0.95 (95% CI 0.71-1.27) for intermediate and 0.74 (95% CI 0.55-0.99) for high garlic use (p for trend = 0.02). The ORs of HNC for increasing categories of onion intake were 0.91 (95% CI 0.68-1.21) for >1 to ≤3 portions per week, and 0.83 (95% CI 0.60-1.13) for >3 portions per week (p for trend = 0.02), as compared to <1 portion per week. We found an inverse association between high onion intake and laryngeal cancer risk (OR = 0.69; 95% CI 0.54-0.88), but no significant association for other subsites. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this pooled-analysis support a possible moderate inverse association between garlic and onion intake and HNC risk. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

Patterns of primary growth increments in otoliths of Sparus aurata larvae in relation to water temperature and food consumption

Sparus aurata larvae reared under controlled water-temperature conditions during the first 24 days after hatching displayed a linear relationship between age (t) and standard length (SL): SL = 2.68 + 0.19 t (r2 = 0.91l). Increments were laid down in the sagittae with daily periodicity starting on day of hatching. Standard length (SL) and sagittae radius (OR) were correlated: SL(mm) = 2.65 + 0.012 OR(mm). The series of measurements of daily growth increment widths (DWI), food density and water temperature were analyzed by means of time series analysis. The DWI series were strongly autocorrelated, the growth on any one day was dependent upon growth on the previous day. Time series of water temperatures showed, as expected, a random pattern of variation, while food consumed daily was a function of food consumed the two previous days. The DWI series and the food density were correlated positively at lags 1 and 2. The results provided evidence of the importance of food intake upon the sagittae growth when temperature is optimal (20ºC). Sagittae growth was correlated with growth on the previous day, so this should be taken into account when fish growth is derived from sagittae growth rates.

Tabagisme et système digestif: une relation complexe. Partie 2: Microbiote intestinal et tabagisme [Smoking and digestive tract: a complex relationship. Part 2: Intestinal microblota and cigarette smoking].

Le système digestif est colonisé dès la naissance par une population bactérienne, le microbiote, qui influence le développement du système immunitaire. Des modifications dans sa composition sont associées à des pathologies comme l'obésité et les maladies inflammatoires chroniques de l'intestin. Outre les antibiotiques, des facteurs environnementaux comme le tabagisme semblent aussi avoir une influence sur la composition de la flore intestinale, pouvant en partie expliquer la prise de poids à l'arrêt du tabac avec une modification de la composition du microbiote proche de celle observée chez des personnes obèses (profil microbiotique montrant des capacités accrues d'extraction calorique des aliments ingérés). Ces découvertes permettent d'imaginer de nouvelles approches diagnostiques et thérapeutiques via la régulation de ce microbiome. The digestive tract is colonized from birth by a bacterial population called the microbiota which influences the development of the immune system. Modifications in its composition are associated with problems such as obesity or inflammatory bowel diseases. Antibiotics are known to influence the intestinal microbiota but other environmental factors such as cigarette smoking also seem to have an impact on its composition. This influence might partly explain weight gain which is observed after smoking cessation. Indeed there is a modification of the gut microbiota which becomes similar to that of obese people with a microbiotical profile which is more efficient to extract calories from ingested food. These new findings open new fields of diagnostic and therapeutic approaches through the regulation of the microbiota.