Observatie van voorlichtingslessen seksuele diversiteit in het Voortgezet Onderwijs: een pilot onderzoek

Mooij, T., & Fettelaar, D. (2013). Observatie van voorlichtingslessen seksuele diversiteit in het Voortgezet Onderwijs: Een pilot onderzoek. Tijdschrift voor Orthopedagogiek, 52(6), 282-298.

Phytoplankton phenology indices in coral reef ecosystems: Application to ocean-color observations in the Red Sea

Phytoplankton, at the base of the marine food web, represent a fundamental food source in coral reef ecosystems. The timing (phenology) and magnitude of the phytoplankton biomass are major determinants of trophic interactions. The Red Sea is one of the warmest and most saline basins in the world, characterized by an arid tropical climate regulated by the monsoon. These extreme conditions are particularly challenging for marine life. Phytoplankton phenological indices provide objective and quantitative metrics to characterize phytoplank- ton seasonality. The indices i.e. timings of initiation, peak, termination and duration are estimated here using 15 years (1997–2012) of remote sensing ocean-color data from the European Space Agency (ESA) Climate Change Initiative project (OC-CCI) in the entire Red Sea basin. The OC-CCI product, comprising merged and bias-corrected observations from three independent ocean-color sensors (SeaWiFS, MODIS and MERIS), and processed using the POLYMER algorithm (MERIS period), shows a significant increase in chlorophyll data cover- age, especially in the southern Red Sea during the months of summer NW monsoon. In open and reef-bound coastal waters, the performance of OC-CCI chlorophyll data is shown to be comparable with the performance of other standard chlorophyll products for the global oceans. These features have permitted us to investigate phytoplankton phenology in the entire Red Sea basin, and during both winter SE monsoon and summer NW monsoon periods. The phenological indices are estimated in the four open water provinces of the basin, and further examined at six coral reef complexes of particular socio-economic importance in the Red Sea, including Siyal Islands, Sharm El Sheikh, Al Wajh bank, Thuwal reefs, Al Lith reefs and Farasan Islands. Most of the open and deeper waters of the basin show an apparent higher chlorophyll concentration and longer duration of phyto- plankton growth during the winter period (relative to the summer phytoplankton growth period). In contrast, most of the reef-bound coastal waters display equal or higher peak chlorophyll concentrations and equal or lon- ger duration of phytoplankton growth during the summer period (relative to the winter phytoplankton growth period). The ecological and biological significance of the phytoplankton seasonal characteristics are discussed in context of ecosystem state assessment, and particularly to support further understanding of the structure and functioning of coral reef ecosystems in the Red Sea.

Low-frequency electrostatic defect mode in doped pair-ion plasmas

The nonlinear amplitude modulation dynamics of electrostatic oscillations of massive charged defects in a three-component pair plasma is investigated; i.e. doped pair-ion plasmas (anticipating the injection of a massive charged component in the background; e.g. in fullerene experiments). Ton-acoustic oscillations in electron-positron-ion (e-p-i) plasmas are also covered, in the appropriate limit. Linear and nonlinear effects (MI, envelope modes) are discussed. The role of the temperature and density ratio between the pair species is stressed.

TISSUE RESIDUES IN PIGS FED ON MEAL CONTAMINATED WITH SULFADIMIDINE DURING MIXING

Two equal batches of pig feed were prepared sequentially in a half-ton mixer. The first was prepared to contain 100-mu-g/g sulphadimidine and the second had not added sulphadimidine. The medicated batch was shown to have 97.2-mu-g/g and the flush 2-mu-g/g. From the conditions of the experiment it was suggested that sulphadimidine was preferentially retained in the mixer.

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) dispersion and deposition to vegetation and soil following a large scale chemical fire

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were determined in soil and vegetation following a large scale chemical fire involving 10,000 ton of polypropylene. In comparison with sites outside the plume from the fire, PAH concentrations were elevated in grass shoots (by up to 70-fold) and in soil (by up to 370-fold). The pattern of PAH dispersion under the plume was dependent on the physical-chemical properties of individual PAHs. The lighter, least hydrophobic PAHs were dispersed into the environment at greater distances than heavier, more hydrophobic PAHs. At the most distant sampling point (4.5 km) under the plume, the low molecular weight PAHs were still considerably elevated in vegetation samples compared to control sites. Dispersion appeared to be regulated by the compounds partitioning between the vapour and particulate phase, with dry particulate deposition occurring closer to the fire source than gaseous deposition. For all PAHs, the fire resulted in greater contamination of soils compared to grasses, with the relative ratio of plant/soil contamination decreasing as hydrophobicity increased.

An ionic liquid process for mercury removal from natural gas

Efficient scrubbing of mercury vapour from natural gas streams has been demonstrated both in the laboratory and on an industrial scale, using chlorocuprate(ii) ionic liquids impregnated on high surface area porous solid supports, resulting in the effective removal of mercury vapour from natural gas streams. This material has been commercialised for use within the petroleum gas production industry, and has currently been running continuously for three years on a natural gas plant in Malaysia. Here we report on the chemistry underlying this process, and demonstrate the transfer of this technology from gram to ton scale.

The effect of pH on the photonic efficiency of the destruction of methyl orange under controlled periodic illumination with UV-LED sources

The nature of photon interaction and reaction pH can have significant impacts on semiconductor photocatalysis. This paper describes the effect of pH on the photonic efficiency of photocatalytic reactions in the aqueous phase using TiO2 catalysts. The reactor was irradiated using periodic illumination with UV-LEDs through control of the illumination duty cycle (γ) through a series of light and dark times (Ton/Toff). Photonic efficiencies for methyl orange degradation were found to be comparable at high γ irrespective of pH. At lower γ, pH effects on photonic efficiency were very distinct across acidic, neutral and alkaline pH indicating an effect of complementary parameters. The results suggest photonic efficiency is greatest as illumination time, Ton approaches interfacial electron-transfer characteristic time which is within the range of this study or charge-carrier lifetimes upon extrapolation and also when electrostatic attraction between surface-trapped holes, {TiIVOH}ads+ and substrate molecules is strongest.

Direct oxidation of amines to nitriles in the presence of ruthenium-terpyridyl complex immobilized on ILs/SILP

The immobilization of a ruthenium complex (Ru2Cl4(az-tpy)2) within a range of supported ionic liquids ([C4C1im]Cl, [C4C1im][NTf2], [C6C1im]Cl, [C4C1pyrr]Br, [C4C1im]Br, [C4C1pyrr]Cl) dispersed silica (SILP) operates as an efficient heterogeneous catalyst in oxidation of long chain linear primary amines to corresponding nitriles. This reaction follows a “green” route using a cheap and easy to handles oxidant (oxygen or air). The conversion was found to be strongly influenced by the alkyl chain length of the amine substrate and the choice of oxidant. No condensation reaction was observed between the starting amines and the selectivity to nitrile is 100%. Moving from a composition of 20 atm N2/5 atm O2 to 5 atm N2/20 atm O2 led to enhancements in the conversion (n-alkylamines) and selectivity (benzonitrile) which have been correlated with an increase of the solubilized oxygen. This was further supported by using different inert gas (nitrogen, helium, argon)/oxygen mixtures indicating that the O2 solubility in the SILP system, has an important effect on conversions and TON in this reaction using SILP catalysts. Experiments performed in the presence of CO2 led to a different behaviour due to the formation of amine-CO2 adducts. The application of the Weisz–Prater criterion confirmed the absence of any diffusional constraints.

Efficient and selective hydrogen peroxide-mediated oxidation of sulfides in batch and segmented and continuous flow using a peroxometalate-based polymer immobilised ionic liquid phase catalyst

The peroxometalate-based polymer immobilized ionic liquid phase catalyst [PO4{WO(O-2)(2)}(4)]@PIILP has been prepared by anion exchange of ring opening metathesis-derived pyrrolidinium-decorated norbornene/ cyclooctene copolymer and shown to be a remarkably efficient system for the selective oxidation of sulfides under mild conditions. A cartridge packed with a mixture of [PO4{WO(O-2)(2)}(4)]@PIILP and silica operated as a segmented or continuous flow process and gave good conversions and high selectivity for either sulfoxide (92% in methanol at 96% conversion for a residence time of 4 min) or sulfone (96% in acetonitrile at 96% conversion for a residence time of 15 min). The immobilized catalyst remained active for 8 h under continuous flow operation with a stable activity/selectivity profile that allowed 6.5 g of reactant to be processed (TON = 46 428) while a single catalyst cartridge could be used for the consecutive oxidation of multiple substrates giving activity-selectivity profiles that matched those obtained with fresh catalyst.

Pesca comercial de tubarões e raias em Portugal

O objectivo do trabalho foi analisar os desembarques de tubarões e raias em Portugal no período 1986 – 2006. Esta análise revelou que os desembarques totalizaram 108.671 ton no referido período de 21 anos. Anualmente foram desembarcados, em média, cerca de 5.175 ton, com exemplares representantes de 8 ordens, 14 famílias e 44 espécies. Genericamente, os desembarques anuais destes grupos animais têm diminuído ao longo do tempo, apesar de se verificar um aumento no preço por quilo. O grupo mais desembarcado foi o das Raias (Raja sp.), responsável por 35.614 ton das capturas, ou seja, 33% do total. A este grupo seguiram-se as Patas-roxas (Scyliorhinus sp.), os tubarões Carocho (Centroscymnus coelolepis), Lixa (Centrophorus squamosus) e Barroso (Centrophorus granulosus), correspondendo a 12%, 12%, 10% e 9% dos desembarques, respectivamente. Na ausência de dados consistentes de CPUE, a comparação dos padrões de desembarques e preço foi utilizada como indicador da evolução do recurso, tendo em conta as várias espécies de elasmobrânquios. Centrophorus granulosus, Cações (Mustelus sp.), Tremelgas (Torpedo sp.), Marrachos (Carcharhinus sp.) e Tubarões-anjo (Squatina sp.) indiciaram sinais de possível sobrexploração, situação esta a merecer a atenção de programas futuros de I & DT. A evolução do esforço de pesca ao longo do tempo, ponderada sob a forma de “número de embarcações de pesca”, registou uma diminuição acentuada, embora substancialmente menor que a diminuição registada nos desembarques das espécies referidas. É pouco provável, por isso, que a diminuição dos desembarques seja fruto, unicamente, da diminuição na frota de pesca, mas sim de uma menor rendibilidade da actividade. Paralelamente, os aumentos de preço observados suplantaram largamente a taxa de inflação média, pelo que o aumento dos primeiros não é justificado inteiramente pelo aumento do segundo. Estes resultados tiveram eco nas análises de componentes principais (MAFA e DFA) conduzidas para as espécies, que validaram padrões de diminuição particularmente elevados nas espécies em que métodos anteriores já haviam apontado sinais de sobrepesca. Os resultados obtidos apontam para o facto de que algumas espécies parecem estar fora dos limites biológicos de segurança e, como tal, há necessidade de serem tomadas medidas de gestão eficazes.

Brazilian savanna forest : conservation, medicinal reservoir and bioprospecting

This study aimed to analyse the Brazilian savanna forest from a Legal Reserve (LR) area from a perspective of conservation, reservoir of organic carbon and medicinal biomass for a prospective use of native medicinal plants. An ethnobotanical and ethnopharmacological survey was carried out close to a community settled in the rural area in the south of Tocantins, being selected 9 of the most cited species (cajuí- Anacardium othonianum; inharé-Brosimum gaudichaudii; jatobá-Hymenaeae courbaril; jenipapo-Genipa americana, aroeira-Myracrodruon urundeuva; negramina-Siparuna guianensis; barbatimão- Stryphnodendron obovatum; assa peixe-Vernonia brasiliana, embaúba-Cecropia pachystachya). Crude foliar extracts were subjected to a preliminary phytochemical prospection and triage of secondary metabolites with antimicrobial activity of potential interest in health and familiar agriculture. Phenolic compounds, terpenes and flavonoids were detected in the extracts of most species, which suggests the presence of antimicrobial, antioxidant and anti-insect activities. It was evident the need to better know the LR as a reservoir of medicinal biomass in an area under ecological tension where 35% (610ha) of the property is LR and should be protected by law. Therefore, a forest inventory of live woody species was performed using the allometric or indirect method. This identified a rare remnant of Semidecidual Seasonal Forest amidst the largest world savannah, the Cerrado biome. An analysis of the forest average productivity per basal area (m².ha), aerial live biomass (ton.ha-1) and carbon stock was carried out. The forest fragment was considered relatively rich in species and diversity, although showing signs of disturbance and dominance by a few species. Its horizontal structure suggests biotic regeneration conditions. It is an important reservoir of medicinal plants. Of the families (57.5%) presenting medicinal species, 19 from a total of 33 are represented in the area and contain 44% (27) of the total species (61) and 63% (432) of the total individuals catalogued. Medicinal species have ecological importance for the equilibrium of the local flora and represent 80% of the 10 species with higher Importance Value Index (IVI): Tetragastris altissima, Chrysophyllum marginatum, Oenocarpus distichus, Sclerolobium paniculatum, Simarouba versicolor, Alibertia macrophylla, Siparuna guianensis, Maprounea guianensis, Licania parvifolia e Physocalymma scaberrimum. Medicinal productivity was high for this type of phytophysionomy: 183,2 ton. ha-1 of biomass and 91,51 ton. ha-1 of carbon representing 66% of the total biomass and carbon of this Cerrado forest. From this stage S. guianensis (Siparunaceae) was selected for performing bioassays in order to verify its biological activity against microorganisms of health and agricultural relevance. This is a native aromatic medicinal plant recommended as priority for conservation, with local popular medicinal validation and availability of medicinal feedstock (3300 Kg.ha-1), with the foliar fraction giving 38Kg/ha of crude extract and 5L/ha of essential oil. Foliar crude extracts and essential oil were obtained and tested in vitro using a disk diffusion bioassay. Different concentrations of these natural products were tested against gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213), gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 and ATCC 35218; Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 10145) and fungi (Candida albicans ATCC 6258 e Fusarium oxysporum). The essential oil inhibited the growth of S. aureus in its crude concentration (380μg.mL-1), as well as diluted to half (190μg.mL-1) and a quarter strength (95μg.mL-1). It’s likely that such action is due to sesquiterpenes major components, such as bisabolol and bisabolene (10.35%), measured by gas chromatography (GC-MS, GC-FID). Extracts did not exhibit any antimicrobial activity against the microorganisms tested. The native medicinal plants prospective market is an alternative that favours the conservation of biodiversity while generating benefits for the development of sustainable family productive activities within local ecosystems instead of the current inappropriate uses. This strengthens conservation policies of Legal Reserve in rural settlements and is in agreement with public policy on global warming and climate changes.

Experimental study of the macrobenthic colonisation and secondary production in the artificial reefs of Algarve coast

Tese de dout., Ciências do Mar, Faculdade de Ciências do Mar e do Ambiente, Universidade do Algarve, 2010

Quel destin pour l'imaginaire épique et le héros guerrier dans l'écriture? Le témoignage de guerre au Québec de 1914 à nos jours

Cette thèse de doctorat, intitulée «Le récit personnel de guerre dans le Canada français/Québec du XXe siècle», est consacrée à l'étude du traitement de l'imaginaire épique et du héros guerrier dans plus d'une trentaine de témoignages de guerre d'expression française de 1914 à nos jours. Elle établit que le discours sur les combats qui s'y formule «retrouve spontanément le ton de l'épopée, langue maternelle du récit militaire héroïque, celle de l'Iliade » (Maurice RIEUNEAU, Guerre et révolution dans le roman français 1919-1939, Klincksieck, «Bibliothèque du XXe siècle», 1974, p. 157). Cette résilience épique et héroïque remarquable vaut pour toutes les époques. Fait à noter: même dans les récits contestataires, la contestation s'énonce en termes épiques, de héros qui poursuit son combat dans l'espace textuel. Voilà qui nuance quelque peu les résultats d'autres analyses, en particulier en Europe, où les spécialistes retiennent du XXe siècle: «Le récit de guerre [...] a périmé les plaisirs de l'épopée [...].» (Jean KAEMPFER, Poétique du récit de guerre, Paris, José Corti, 1998, p. 39). Avec la (post)modernité, l'épopée se réoriente. Dépassant le complexe du perdant qui marque plusieurs générations de francophones et les rend réceptifs aux valeurs de force et de virilité, le discours sort du repli sur soi, de l'isolement, de la solitude agressive pour pactiser avec l'ennemi juré (l'Allemand, le Japonais, mais aussi le Britannique, le Canadien anglais). Bref, l'identité, ébranlée par la différence, s'équilibre dans une démarche d'assainissement de la mémoire. L'affirmation progressive de soi se double d'une ouverture sur l'étranger, celui d'ailleurs et, à plus forte raison, d'ici.

Organic addittives in zinc electrowinning and electrodeposition of Fe-Mo-P alloys as cathodes for chlorate production

Ce projet de travail est divisé en deux études principales: (a) l’influence des certains additifs organiques sur la consommation d’énergie et la pureté du métal de zinc déposé dans le processus d’extraction électrolytique, et (b) l’électrodéposition des alliages binaires et ternaires de Fe-Mo et Fe-Mo-P sur des substrats d’acier doux afin d’agir comme cathodes pour la production de chlorate. (a) Parmi les sept différents additifs organiques examinés, les sels des liquides ioniques ont réussi à augmenter le rendement du courant jusqu’à 95,1% comparé à 88,7% qui a obtenu à partir de l’électrolyte standard en présence des ions de Sb3+. La réduction maximale de la consommation d’énergie de ~173 kWh tonne-1 a été obtenue en ajoutant de 3 mg dm-3 du chlorure de 1-butyl-3-méthylimidazolium dans le même électrolyte. La teneur en plomb dans le dépôt de zinc est réduite de 26,5 ppm à 5,1-5,6 ppm en utilisant les sels des liquides ioniques. (b) Des différents binaires Fe-Mo et ternaires Fe-Mo-P alliages ont été électrodéposés sur des substrats d’acier doux. Les alliages préparés ont une tenure en Mo entre 21-47 at.% et une tenure en P de 0 à 16 at.%. L’activité électrocatalytique de ces alliages vers la réaction de dégagement d’hydrogène (RDH) a été étudiée dans des solutions de chlorure de sodium. La réduction maximale de la surtension de RDH de ~313 mV a été obtenue par l’alliage ternaire préparé Fe54Mo30P16 par rapport à celle obtenue pour l’acier doux. La rugosité de surface et l’activité intrinsèque des revêtements de Fe-Mo-P peuvent être l’origine du comportement prometteur de ces électrocatalyseurs vers la RDH.

Diagnóstico ambiental de uma queijaria e proposta de melhorias

O presente trabalho tem como objectivo o diagnóstico ambiental da empresa Lacticinios do Paiva, S.A, a avaliação da água do processo e da ETARI e o estudo da fermentação do soro de queijo com o intuito de produção de bioetanol. No diagnóstico ambiental da empresa, observou-se que 18.227.731 litros de leite usados anualmente geram 5.031 ton/ano de queijo, 7.204 ton/ano de soro de queijo, 74.201 m3/ano de efluente liquido, 14 ton/ano de plástico e 20 ton/ano de cartão. Os principais problemas com necessidade de optimização são a recuperação de água das lavagens, avaliação da produção de biogás no digestor anaeróbio, recuperação do volume de leite que é desperdiçado na produção de queijo fresco de longa duração, avaliação da eficiência energética da empresa, valorização das natas e do soro de queijo. Decidiu-se neste trabalho avaliar a possibilidade de reciclagem das águas de lavagem, avaliar o funcionamento da ETARI face à legislação existente e estudar a possibilidade de valorização do soro de queijo. Na avaliação das águas de processo das lavagens para posterior reciclagem, verifica-se que relativamente ao pH e aos sólidos suspensos não existe problema, podendo encarar-se a hipótese de reciclagem directa. No entanto, no que respeita à carga orgânica das águas de lavagem do sistema de ultrafiltração do queijo fresco de longa duração, constata-se que esta não poderia ser utilizada novamente, uma vez que apresenta valores elevados de CQO. Para a sua reutilização, será necessário remover a CQO, hipótese que se estudou com resultados positivos. Verificou-se que, um tratamento por adsorção em carvão activado precedido de microfiltração, reduz a CQO de forma significativa permitindo admitir a hipótese de reciclagem da água, nomeadamente para as 1ª e 3ª águas de lavagem. As outras águas teriam necessidade de mais tempo de contacto com o carvão activado. No sentido de avaliar o funcionamento da ETARI, foram analisadas várias correntes da mesma, em particular a do efluente final, no que respeita a parâmetros como: pH, Sólidos Suspensos Totais, Carência Química de Oxigénio, Carência Bioquímica de Oxigénio, Turvação, Nitratos, Fósforo Total, Azoto Kjeldalh, Azoto Amoniacal e Cloretos. Observou-se que os valores para o efluente final da ETARI são os seguintes: pH compreendido entre [7,21 – 8,69], SST entre [65,3 – 3110] mg/L, CQO entre [92,5 – 711,5] mg/L, CBO5 entre [58 – 161] mg/L, NO3- entre [10,8 – 106,7] mg/L, fósforo total entre [8,3 – 64,3] mg/L, turvação entre [67,7 – 733,3] FTU e cloretos entre [459,9 – 619,81] mg/L; pode-se dizer que os parâmetros analisados se encontram quase sempre dentro da gama de valores impostos pela Câmara Municipal de Lamego pelo que o efluente pode ser lançado no Colector Municipal de Cambres. Relativamente à fermentação alcoólica do soro de queijo, verifica-se que a levedura Kluyveromyces Marxianus consegue degradar praticamente todo o açúcar presente no permeado produzindo assim uma quantidade razoável de etanol. Quando se utilizou a levedura Saccharomyces Cerevisiae, a produção de etanol foi muito reduzida, como esperado, dado que esta levedura apresenta dificuldades na metabolização da lactose. Constatou-se assim que a melhor levedura para a fermentação do permeado do soro de queijo é a Kluyveromyces Marxianus, estimando-se em 150 mg a produção de etanol por L de soro.