Studio preliminare sul comportamento acustico di Trichechus manatus in ambiente controllato presso Acquario di Genova

Il lamantino (Trichechus manatus) appartiene alla famiglia dei Trichechidae, vivono nel golfo del messico e lungo le coste Atlantiche dell’America centrale. Considerando i comportamenti abituali di questa specie in natura risulta essere difficoltoso investigare il comportamento sociale. Spesso gli individui che producono un suono non riescono ad essere identificati e quindi il contesto in cui un segnale viene prodotto rimane sconosciuto. L’osservazione ed il monitoraggio di individui in ambiente controllato può portare un contributo considerevole nell’aumentare le conoscenze di questa specie. In questo studio abbiamo potuto osservare il comportamento di due giovani esemplari maschi mantenuti all’Acquario di Genova. In questo progetto di ricerca l’obbiettivo è quello di caratterizzare i comportamenti giornalieri e quindi le abitudini dei due esemplari in esame; inoltre mediante l’analisi dei vocalizzi e dei contesti nei quali vengono prodotti i segnali, si è cercato di individuare le abitudini acustiche di questi esemplari. Gli animali sono stati osservati per 8giorni per un totale di 192 ore di registrazioni acustiche e osservazioni comportamentali; i segnali sono stati registrati con l’ausilio di un idrofono su un PC, con un range di frequenza tra i 100Hz fino ai 22kHz. I segnali acustici cosi raccolti sono stati analizzati tramite Adobe Audition 3.0, che ha fornito le immagini dei vari spettri d’onda. Questi dati acustici e comportamentali hanno permesso di identificare 6 differenti pattern comportamentali e 10 tipologie di segnali acustici. L’analisi di questi dati hanno permesso di definire le abitudini comportamentali dei due esemplari le differenze e l’andamento della “giornata tipo”. Confrontando i contesti comportamentali nei quali i segnali sono stati emessi si sono potuti evidenziare i momenti in cui i segnali vengono emessi e quindi quando avviene comunicazione tra questi due esemplari.

Francesco Platone de' Benedetti, il principe dei tipografi bolognesi. Annali tipografici (1482-1496).

This work is focused on the reconstruction of the intellectual biography of Francesco Platone de' Benedetti, prince of the Bologna's printers (1482-1486), that is the same with his typographical outputs. The research had been divided in two parts: the first, with his life, invesitigated by archive documents, and the second part, focused on the census of his editions, with a particular attention to his types. The research on the typographical types had been developed with Adobe Photoshop, that had allowed me to virtually reconstruct the cases of the Gotic and Roman types used by de' Benedetti.

Integrazione di elementi sintetici in scene reali mediante Photoshop 3d e Maya

Lo scopo di questa tesi è dimostrare che è possibile integrare elementi sintetici in scene reali, producendo rendering realistici, avvalendosi di software come Autodesk Maya e Adobe Photoshop. Il progetto, infatti, consiste nella realizzazione di cinque immagini ottenute assemblando in fotografie reali, oggetti 3D, generati usando il software di modellazione Maya, con l’obiettivo di produrre immagini finali altamente fotorealistiche, per cui l’osservatore non riesce a distinguere se l’immagine è reale o sintetica.

Studio della presenza di capodogli (Physeter macrocephalus, Linnaeus 1758) in due aree del Mar Balear mediante metodi acustici passivi

I capodogli (Physeter macrocephalus) sono mammiferi marini con distribuzione cosmopolita; sono presenti anche nel Mar Mediterraneo, soprattutto nella zona occidentale del bacino. Per individuare la presenza di questi animali possono essere utilizzate differenti modalità. Questo studio è stato condotto tramite l’uso di metodi acustici passivi, in quanto i capodogli (P. macrocephalus) sono animali che emettono suoni. L’uso di metodi acustici ha alcuni vantaggi, infatti permette di individuare la presenza di un animale anche se si trova al di sotto della superficie dell’acqua, purché stia emettendo suoni. Le registrazioni possono essere effettuate indipendentemente dalle condizioni meteorologiche e per lunghi periodi di tempo, permettendo la continuità nella raccolta dei dati. Il lavoro di tesi è stato svolto nell’ambito di un Progetto di Ricerca de L’Oceanogràfic di Valencia. Le registrazioni sono state effettuate tramite lo strumento EAR (Ecological Acoustic Recorder) in due aree del Mar Balear, il Mar di Bamba e il Parco Nazionale di Cabrera, in differenti periodi, profondità e con diverse frequenze di campionamento (50 kHz e 5 kHz). I dati ottenuti sono stati analizzati tramite i programmi X-BAT (Extensible Bioacoustic Tool) e Adobe Audition 3.0 al fine di rilevare i pulsi emessi dai capodogli. Per entrambe le aree di studio i dati sono stati elaborati in modo da ottenere modelli giornalieri e stagionali delle ore positive e del numero di pulsi emessi. La presenza di P. macrocephalus è stata confermata in entrambe le aree di studio, e dal confronto delle analisi spettrali dei pulsi si può affermare che, nonostante le differenze, i pulsi registrati in entrambe le aree sono effettivamente emessi da capodogli. Il lavoro di Tesi permette di suggerire che per futuri studi sia applicata la frequenza di registrazione di 20 kHz utilizzando lo strumento SAMARUC, alla cui progettazione ha partecipato L’Oceanogràfic di Valencia.

Nuovi suoni di balenottera comune (Balaenoptera physalus) nel Mediterraneo occidentale

Fin whale (Balaenoptera physalus) is the only misticeto commonly observed in the Mediterranean. The males emit sounds, classic pulse products in sequences called songs, at 20Hz for sexual purposes: sounds are produced during the spring for migration to the Tirreno-Ligurian-Provençal basin, the summer feeding area, and during the autumn, when there is a migration to the south to meet the winter breeding season. This area in the Mediterranean sea is unknown. The east coast of the Iberian Peninsula is a migration area. The study was conducted by analyzing through Adobe Audition 3.0 and XBAT softwares files audio of 30 minutes recorded in 2006, in 2011 and 2012 at the level of the Columbretes Islands, in the western Mediterranean sea, using two hearing aids: the MARU, used in 2006 and the EAR, used in 2011 and 2012. From the analysis have emerged that, in addition to songs with pulses of 20 Hz, there are new sounds of fin whale never previously recognized: the VFPs (Variable Frequency Pulses), higher-frequency pulses emitted, between 50 and 120Hz and the ramps, a set of 7-8 pulses, pertaining to a particular song, of increasing frequency. Further studies are needed to understand the importance of these new sounds.

Three-dimensional portable document format: a simple way to present 3-dimensional data in an electronic publication

Three-dimensional (3D) models of teeth and soft and hard tissues are tessellated surfaces used for diagnosis, treatment planning, appliance fabrication, outcome evaluation, and research. In scientific publications or communications with colleagues, these 3D data are often reduced to 2-dimensional pictures or need special software for visualization. The portable document format (PDF) offers a simple way to interactively display 3D surface data without additional software other than a recent version of Adobe Reader (Adobe, San Jose, Calif). The purposes of this article were to give an example of how 3D data and their analyses can be interactively displayed in 3 dimensions in electronic publications, and to show how they can be exported from any software for diagnostic reports and communications among colleagues.

Plenoptic camera : theory and experimental results

The purpose of this research was to develop a working physical model of the focused plenoptic camera and develop software that can process the measured image intensity, reconstruct this into a full resolution image, and to develop a depth map from its corresponding rendered image. The plenoptic camera is a specialized imaging system designed to acquire spatial, angular, and depth information in a single intensity measurement. This camera can also computationally refocus an image by adjusting the patch size used to reconstruct the image. The published methods have been vague and conflicting, so the motivation behind this research is to decipher the work that has been done in order to develop a working proof-of-concept model. This thesis outlines the theory behind the plenoptic camera operation and shows how the measured intensity from the image sensor can be turned into a full resolution rendered image with its corresponding depth map. The depth map can be created by a cross-correlation of adjacent sub-images created by the microlenslet array (MLA.) The full resolution image reconstruction can be done by taking a patch from each MLA sub-image and piecing them together like a puzzle. The patch size determines what object plane will be in-focus. This thesis also goes through a very rigorous explanation of the design constraints involved with building a plenoptic camera. Plenoptic camera data from Adobe © was used to help with the development of the algorithms written to create a rendered image and its depth map. Finally, using the algorithms developed from these tests and the knowledge for developing the plenoptic camera, a working experimental system was built, which successfully generated a rendered image and its corresponding depth map.

Integriertes Informationsmanagement für Bildungseinrichtungen

Der CampusSource Workshop fand vom 10. bis 12. Oktober 2006 an der Westfälischen Wilhelms Universität (WWU) in Münster statt. Kernpunkte der Veranstaltung waren die Entwicklung einer Engine zur Verknüpfung von e-Learning Anwendungen mit Systemen der HIS GmbH und die Erstellung von Lehr- und Lerninhalten mit dem Ziel der Wiederverwendung. Im zweiten Kapitel sind Vorträge der Veranstaltung im Adobe Flash Format zusammengetragen. Zur Betrachtung der Vorträge ist der Adobe Flash Player, mindestens in der Version 6 erforderlich

Rollout of CampusContent

CampusContent (CC) is a DFG-funded competence center for eLearning with its own portal. It links content and people who support sharing and reuse of high quality learning materials and codified pedagogical know-how, such as learning objectives, pedagogical scenarios, recommended learning activities, and learning paths. The heart of the portal is a distributed repository whose contents are linked to various other CampusContent portals. Integrated into each portal are user-friendly tools for designing reusable learning content, exercises, and templates for learning units and courses. Specialized authoring tools permit the configuration, adaption, and automatic generation of interactive Flash animations using Adobe's Flexbuilder technology. More coarse-grained content components such as complete learning units and entire courses, in which contents and materials taken from the repository are embedded, can be created with XML-based authoring tools. Open service interface allow the deep or shallow integration of the portal provider's preferred authoring and learning tools. The portal is built on top of the Enterprise Content Management System Alfresco, which comes with social networking functionality that has been adapted to accommmodate collaboration, sharing and reuse within trusted communities of practice.

De las reformas borbónicas a la Revolución de Mayo

Con el fin de conocer las últimas interpretaciones acerca de nuestro pasado regional, los videos de la serie "Mendoza, crónica de nuestra identidad", pretenden llevar adelante la tarea constante de construir y reconstruir una identidad que se mantenga abierta a los valores del pasado, pero también a la inevitable reformulación crítica de los mismos principios. La propuesta es generar un proceso de actualización y perfeccionamiento en el campo de la historia regional. En el video DE LAS REFORMAS BORBÓNICAS A LA REVOLUCIÓN DE MAYO, se describen los sucesos históricos que atraviesa Mendoza desde su fundación hasta el período independentista. Mendoza formó parte de Chile desde la fundación (en 1561) hasta la creación del Virreinato del Río de la Plata (en 1776) fecha en la que pasa a depender del virrey con sede en Buenos Aires. A partir de esta nueva jurisdicción, Mendoza comienza un importante crecimiento expansivo y económico de la mano de Don José Francisco de Amigorena, que toma determinadas medidas políticas con el objetivo de ampliar la frontera sur. Posteriormente, durante la Revolución de Mayo, Mendoza sufre las consecuencias de la guerra y los conflictos internos que suponen el proceso revolucionario: cambio brusco de autoridades, diletantismo político, etc; como así también, la vida cotidiana sufre las consecuencias propias de una sociedad dividida entre “realistas" o “godos" y “patriotas": conflictos de opinión, enemistades, rituales bélicos, etc. Los temas que abarca el video son: - Mendoza como parte integral del Reino de Chile. - El Virreinato del Río de la Plata y el cambio jurisdiccional de Mendoza. - El avance de la frontera sur y la fundación de nuevas ciudades. - Mendoza ante la Revolución de Mayo y los conflictos del interior.

Mendoza entre 1820 y 1880: política, religión y catástrofe

Con el fin de conocer las últimas interpretaciones acerca de nuestro pasado regional, los videos de la serie "Mendoza, crónica de nuestra identidad", pretenden llevar adelante la tarea constante de construir y reconstruir una identidad que se mantenga abierta a los valores del pasado, pero también a la inevitable reformulación crítica de los mismos principios. La propuesta es generar un proceso de actualización y perfeccionamiento en el campo de la historia regional. En el video MENDOZA ENTRE 1820 Y 1880: POLÍTICA, RELIGIÓN Y CATÁSTROFE, se describen los aspectos políticos a partir de la división de Cuyo en 1820, período en que comienza en nuestra provincia una etapa de reordenamiento institucional y un proceso de autonomía política que se verá interrumpido por el predominio rosista en la región. Una vez dictada la Constitución Provincial de 1854 se conoció en la provincia una etapa de estabilidad política que se vio removida por las rebeliones federales opuestas al liberalismo comandado por Mitre desde Buenos Aires. El patrimonio religioso de Mendoza muestra una provincia devota y comprometida con la fe católica. El terremoto de 1861 transformó radicalmente Mendoza en una ciudad moderna y diferenciada de la “vieja ciudad" colonial que se encontraba bajo los escombros. Los temas tratados en el documental son: - La organización institucional de la provincia. - La subordinación de Mendoza al orden político de Rosas. - La instauración del Liberalismo y las rebeliones federales. - Los enfrentamientos políticos dentro de la elite gobernante. - El patrimonio religioso de Mendoza. - El terremoto de 1861 y la reconstrucción de la ciudad.

Enfermedades de la pobreza en trabajadores golondrinas del departamento de San Rafael

A nivel mundial según la OMS (Organización Mundial de la Salud) existe un aumento de casos de tuberculosis, Mal de Chagas y Hepatitis sobre todo en países en donde les es difícil evitar el ingreso de trabajadores golondrinas. Se trata de trabajadores que provienen de países pobres con una mala alimentación y programas de vacunación deficientes. El departamento de San Rafael Mendoza no esta exento de esta situación, el trabajo migrante (Trabajadores Golondrinas) en San Rafael, comienza, conjuntamente con el inicio de la cosecha de frutas y hortalizas desde el mes de Diciembre en adelante, prolongándose su estadía hasta la vendimia , en algunos casos , continua con las cosecha de aceitunas. Estos grupos según el Jefe de Inspectores de la Subsecretaria y Seguridad Social Delegación. San Rafael, son aproximadamente entre mil doscientos a mil quinientos trabajadores, que van llegando en forma aislada y en grupos provenientes de en su mayoría del norte argentino como así también de nacionalidad boliviana y paraguayos. Grupos más pequeños se quedan en zona rurales de plantaciones de ajos, hortalizas trabajando también en hornos de ladrillos, produciendo asentamientos en construcciones totalmente precarias, viviendo en hacinamientos; con mala alimentación e higiene inadecuada lo que facilita la proliferación de las conocidas como Enfermedades de la Pobreza. En el Departamento de San Rafael los trabajadores golondrinas se asientan principalmente en los Distritos de Villa Atuel, Cañada Seca y La Llave. Esta situación de debe principalmente a los siguientes factores: - Posibilidad de actuar como mano de obra barata. - Centros de producción de ladrillos. (hornos). 2 - La falta de exigencia por parte de los trabajadores golondrinas de condiciones dignas en las viviendas a ocupar. Al contrario de otras zonas de la provincia en donde los empleadores son propietarios de fincas o empresas agrícolas, los mismos compatriotas de los trabajadores golondrinas son quienes los traen y los contratan para tener mano de obra barata que habrá de ser alojada en condiciones precarias, viviendas que en el mejor de los casos será de adobe y techos de paja, sanitarios inexistentes, falta de agua potable y hacinamiento. Estas condiciones sumadas a enfermedades preexistentes forman un caldo de cultivo ideal para el desarrollo de las llamadas Enfermedades de la Pobreza. Instrumentar acciones destinadas a combatir esta situación se ven dificultadas por la falta de control por parte de organismos que tienen competencia en inmigración y salud (Gendarmería, Dirección de Migraciones, Área Departamental de Salud, Secretaria de Trabajo, etc.) esta falta de control no se debe a ineficiencia sino fundamentalmente a la falta de políticas coordinadas y de medios para llevarlas a cabo. Una de las últimas acciones llevadas a cabo en este sentido es un Congreso llevado a cabo en la Provincia de Mendoza en el año 2009 y en el cual se obtiene como resultado que en próximas reuniones se comenzaran a considerar acciones coordinadas en este sentido. Carecemos de datos estadísticos que nos permitan corroborar aquellos datos que la realidad nos muestra, y la obtención de los mismos se ve dificultada por: - La población objeto de este estudio no concurre habitualmente al hospital ni a los centros de salud. - La dificultad de acceder a los trabajadores por la negativa de los empleadores a facilitar este contacto. 3 - Por el temor de los trabajadores y sus familias a ser entrevistados y que como consecuencia de ello tener problemas con los inspectores de la Sub Secretaría de Trabajo y las autoridades de Gendarmería. Para emprender esta investigación, se debió apelar a recursos en gran medida “informales", medio de movilidad propio de los autores de la investigación y no apto para transitar por las zonas de asentamiento, personal que colaboro integrado por una agente sanitario y por un integrante de la comunidad boliviana. El lenguaje a utilizar también se convirtió en una barrera importante ya que en gran medida los trabajadores utilizan su lengua materna o de origen, que es el quechua y además desconocen términos específicos referidos a enfermedades y sintomatología de las distintas enfermedades. La imposibilidad de un control efectivo, el desconocimiento de datos estadísticos sobre las llamadas Enfermedades de la Pobreza, contribuyen en forma conjunta con los otros factores como hacinamiento, mala alimentación, falta de atención sanitaria, etc. a potenciar la posibilidad de que la población objeto de este estudio no solo aumente sus padecimientos sino que se convierta en un vector importante de estas enfermedades.

Database of Ice-Rich Yedoma Permafrost (IRYP)

Vast portions of Arctic and sub-Arctic Siberia, Alaska and the Yukon Territory are covered by ice-rich silty to sandy deposits that are containing large ice wedges, resulting from syngenetic sedimentation and freezing. Accompanied by wedge-ice growth in polygonal landscapes, the sedimentation process was driven by cold continental climatic and environmental conditions in unglaciated regions during the late Pleistocene, inducing the accumulation of the unique Yedoma deposits up to >50 meters thick. Because of fast incorporation of organic material into syngenetic permafrost during its formation, Yedoma deposits include well-preserved organic matter. Ice-rich deposits like Yedoma are especially prone to degradation triggered by climate changes or human activity. When Yedoma deposits degrade, large amounts of sequestered organic carbon as well as other nutrients are released and become part of active biogeochemical cycling. This could be of global significance for future climate warming as increased permafrost thaw is likely to lead to a positive feedback through enhanced greenhouse gas fluxes. Therefore, a detailed assessment of the current Yedoma deposit coverage and its volume is of importance to estimate its potential response to future climate changes. We synthesized the map of the coverage and thickness estimation, which will provide critical data needed for further research. In particular, this preliminary Yedoma map is a great step forward to understand the spatial heterogeneity of Yedoma deposits and its regional coverage. There will be further applications in the context of reconstructing paleo-environmental dynamics and past ecosystems like the mammoth-steppe-tundra, or ground ice distribution including future thermokarst vulnerability. Moreover, the map will be a crucial improvement of the data basis needed to refine the present-day Yedoma permafrost organic carbon inventory, which is assumed to be between 83±12 (Strauss et al., 2013, doi:10.1002/2013GL058088) and 129±30 (Walter Anthony et al., 2014, doi:10.1038/nature13560) gigatonnes (Gt) of organic carbon in perennially-frozen archives. Hence, here we synthesize data on the circum-Arctic and sub-Arctic distribution and thickness of Yedoma for compiling a preliminary circum-polar Yedoma map. For compiling this map, we used (1) maps of the previous Yedoma coverage estimates, (2) included the digitized areas from Grosse et al. (2013) as well as extracted areas of potential Yedoma distribution from additional surface geological and Quaternary geological maps (1.: 1:500,000: Q-51-V,G; P-51-A,B; P-52-A,B; Q-52-V,G; P-52-V,G; Q-51-A,B; R-51-V,G; R-52-V,G; R-52-A,B; 2.: 1:1,000,000: P-50-51; P-52-53; P-58-59; Q-42-43; Q-44-45; Q-50-51; Q-52-53; Q-54-55; Q-56-57; Q-58-59; Q-60-1; R-(40)-42; R-43-(45); R-(45)-47; R-48-(50); R-51; R-53-(55); R-(55)-57; R-58-(60); S-44-46; S-47-49; S-50-52; S-53-55; 3.: 1:2,500,000: Quaternary map of the territory of Russian Federation, 4.: Alaska Permafrost Map). The digitalization was done using GIS techniques (ArcGIS) and vectorization of raster Images (Adobe Photoshop and Illustrator). Data on Yedoma thickness are obtained from boreholes and exposures reported in the scientific literature. The map and database are still preliminary and will have to undergo a technical and scientific vetting and review process. In their current form, we included a range of attributes for Yedoma area polygons based on lithological and stratigraphical information from the original source maps as well as a confidence level for our classification of an area as Yedoma (3 stages: confirmed, likely, or uncertain). In its current version, our database includes more than 365 boreholes and exposures and more than 2000 digitized Yedoma areas. We expect that the database will continue to grow. In this preliminary stage, we estimate the Northern Hemisphere Yedoma deposit area to cover approximately 625,000 km². We estimate that 53% of the total Yedoma area today is located in the tundra zone, 47% in the taiga zone. Separated from west to east, 29% of the Yedoma area is found in North America and 71 % in North Asia. The latter include 9% in West Siberia, 11% in Central Siberia, 44% in East Siberia and 7% in Far East Russia. Adding the recent maximum Yedoma region (including all Yedoma uplands, thermokarst lakes and basins, and river valleys) of 1.4 million km² (Strauss et al., 2013, doi:10.1002/2013GL058088) and postulating that Yedoma occupied up to 80% of the adjacent formerly exposed and now flooded Beringia shelves (1.9 million km², down to 125 m below modern sea level, between 105°E - 128°W and >68°N), we assume that the Last Glacial Maximum Yedoma region likely covered more than 3 million km² of Beringia. Acknowledgements: This project is part of the Action Group "The Yedoma Region: A Synthesis of Circum-Arctic Distribution and Thickness" (funded by the International Permafrost Association (IPA) to J. Strauss) and is embedded into the Permafrost Carbon Network (working group Yedoma Carbon Stocks). We acknowledge the support by the European Research Council (Starting Grant #338335), the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (Grant 01DM12011 and "CarboPerm" (03G0836A)), the Initiative and Networking Fund of the Helmholtz Association (#ERC-0013) and the German Federal Environment Agency (UBA, project UFOPLAN FKZ 3712 41 106).