Stima della complianza arteriosa totale dalla misura della velocita d'onda in aorta

Descrizione del metodo proposto da Stergiopulos N. per la stima della complianza arteriosa totale tramite misura della velocità d'onda in aorta.

Realizzazione di un simulatore biomeccanico del sistema ventricolo-aorta e studio della contropulsazione passiva

La sinergia tra diverse aree scientifiche svolge oggi un ruolo preminente nella risoluzione di problematiche molto complesse: in ambito medico, un massiccio intervento delle scienze fisico-matematiche ha portato, grazie alla ricerca sulle proprietà subatomiche (NMR), sulla funzione elettromeccanica tissutale (pace-makers) e sulla biocompatibilità di materiali innovativi, ad un completo rinnovamento e miglioramento delle terapie tradizionali, delineando nuove strategie terapeutiche. In questo quadro di attiva collaborazione si colloca la ricerca in ambito biomeccanico cardiovascolare che, approfondendo la funzionalità del cuore e dei vasi in condizioni normali e patologiche, propone soluzioni terapeutiche alternative all'approccio farmacologico, impensabili fino a pochi anni fa. Uno di questi ambiti è l'insufficienza cardiaca: al ventricolo incapace di produrre l'energia necessaria alla perfusione ematica viene associato un sistema di pulsazione meccanica che riduce il carico durante l'eiezione ed aumenta la perfusione coronarica in diastole. Tuttavia, benché l'efficacia della contropulsazione intra-aortica sia riconosciuta da decenni, alcune problematiche rimangono irrisolte: l'inapplicabilità su pazienti aritmici, l'eccessiva sollecitazione meccanica in pazienti vasculopatici, la complessità e l'alto costo dell'apparecchiatura. Questo lavoro affronta la validazione e la caratterizzazione di una soluzione terapeutica alternativa, di tipo completamente passivo, il cui effetto non è basato sulla somministrazione di energia meccanica dall'esterno, attraverso la pulsazione, ma sull'adattamento di impedenza biomeccanica tra la sorgente elastica pulsatile (il ventricolo) ed il carico (l'aorta). Per verificare l'ipotesi funzionale è stato realizzato un sistema contrattile che simulasse diversi livelli di insufficienza ventricolare ed un sistema vascolare con resistenza idraulica ed elastanza variabili. Sono stati rilevati i parametri fisiologici (pressioni, flusso, potenza ed efficienza) nelle diverse condizioni di accoppiamento biomeccanico e si sono ripetuti i rilievi inserendo il dispositivo di contropulsazione passiva. La validazione sperimentale ha prodotto risultati coerenti con quanto atteso ed è stata indispensabile per l'ottenimento, da parte del Comitato Etico, dell'autorizzazione per la sperimentazione clinica del sistema in oggetto.

Long-term outcome analysis of the supraclavicular surgical release for the treatment of thoracic outlet syndrome

This is a long-term outcome analysis of patients who underwent surgical treatment with a supraclavicular release for thoracic outlet syndrome (TOS).

Detrusor activity is impaired during thoracic epidural analgesia after open renal surgery

There are no data on lower urinary tract function during postoperative thoracic epidural analgesia (TEA). Because selected segmental blockade can be achieved with epidural analgesia, we hypothesized that lower urinary tract function remains unchanged during TEA within segments T4-T11 after open renal surgery.

Ultrasound-guided thoracic paravertebral puncture and placement of catheters in human cadavers: where do catheters go?

Paravertebral regional anaesthesia is used to treat pain after several surgical procedures. This study aimed to improve on our first published ultrasound-guided approach to the paravertebral space (PVS) and to investigate a possible discrepancy between the needle, catheter, and contrast dye position.

Coronal plane segmental flexibility in thoracic adolescent idiopathic scoliosis assessed by fulcrum-bending radiographs

Knowledge about segmental flexibility in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis is crucial for a better biomechanical understanding, particularly for the development of fusionless, growth-guiding techniques. Currently, there is lack of data in this field. The objective of this study was, therefore, to compute segmental flexibility indices (standing angle minus corrected angle/standing angle). We compared segmental disc angles in 76 preoperative sets of standing and fulcrum-bending radiographs of thoracic curves (paired, two-tailed t tests, p < 0.05). The mean standing Cobb angle was 59.7 degrees (range 41.3 degrees -95 degrees ) and the flexibility index of the curve was 48.6\% (range 16.6-78.8\%). The disc angles showed symmetric periapical distribution with significant decrease (all p values <0.0001) for every cephalad (+) and caudad (-) level change. The periapical levels +1 and -1 wedged at 8.3 degrees and 8.7 degrees (range 3.5 degrees -14.8 degrees ), respectively. All angles were significantly smaller on the-bending views (p values <0.0001). We noted mean periapical flexibility indices of 46\% (+1), 49\% (-1), 57\% (+2) and 81\% (-2), which were significantly less (p < 0.001) than for the group of remote levels 105\% (+3), 149\% (-3), 231\% (+4) and 300\% (-4). The discal and bony wedging was 60 and 40\%, respectively, and mean values 35 degrees and 24 degrees (p < 0.0001). Their relationship with the Cobb angle showed a moderate correlation (r = 0.56 and 0.45). Functional, radiographic analysis of idiopathic thoracic scoliosis revealed significant, homogenous segmental tethering confined to four periapical levels. Future research will aim at in vivo segmental measurements in three planes under defined load to provide in-depth data for novel therapeutic strategies.

Relationship between the logistic EuroSCORE and the Society of Thoracic Surgeons Predicted Risk of Mortality score in patients implanted with the CoreValve ReValving system--a Bern-Rotterdam Study

Background Surgical risk scores, such as the logistic EuroSCORE (LES) and Society of Thoracic Surgeons Predicted Risk of Mortality (STS) score, are commonly used to identify high-risk or “inoperable” patients for transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI). In Europe, the LES plays an important role in selecting patients for implantation with the Medtronic CoreValve System. What is less clear, however, is the role of the STS score of these patients and the relationship between the LES and STS. Objective The purpose of this study is to examine the correlation between LES and STS scores and their performance characteristics in high-risk surgical patients implanted with the Medtronic CoreValve System. Methods All consecutive patients (n = 168) in whom a CoreValve bioprosthesis was implanted between November 2005 and June 2009 at 2 centers (Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland, and Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands) were included for analysis. Patient demographics were recorded in a prospective database. Logistic EuroSCORE and STS scores were calculated on a prospective and retrospective basis, respectively. Results Observed mortality was 11.1%. The mean LES was 3 times higher than the mean STS score (LES 20.2% ± 13.9% vs STS 6.7% ± 5.8%). Based on the various LES and STS cutoff values used in previous and ongoing TAVI trials, 53% of patients had an LES ≥15%, 16% had an STS ≥10%, and 40% had an LES ≥20% or STS ≥10%. Pearson correlation coefficient revealed a reasonable (moderate) linear relationship between the LES and STS scores, r = 0.58, P < .001. Although the STS score outperformed the LES, both models had suboptimal discriminatory power (c-statistic, 0.49 for LES and 0.69 for STS) and calibration. Conclusions Clinical judgment and the Heart Team concept should play a key role in selecting patients for TAVI, whereas currently available surgical risk score algorithms should be used to guide clinical decision making.

Effects of thoracic epidural analgesia on lower urinary tract function in women

The need for an indwelling transurethral catheter in patients with postoperative thoracic epidural analgesia (TEA) is a matter of controversy. Subjective observations are ambivalent and the literature addressing this issue is scarce. As segmental blockade can be achieved with epidural analgesia, we hypothesized that analgesia within segments T4-T11 has no or minimal influence on lower urinary tract function. Thus, we evaluated the effect of TEA on lower urinary tract function by urodynamic studies.

Fatal thoracic impalement on postmortem imaging

In the present paper, the authors describe a case of fatal thoracic impalement in a victim of a road traffic accident, by penetration of a metal handrail. The driver lost control of his car while overtaking three cars. Due to the force of the vehicle collision with a metal railing, the upper cross bar penetrated the front of the car and subsequently the driver was pierced by the center-pillar in the car. Death occurred at the scene of the accident. Postmortem, computed tomography, computed tomography angiography and a magnetic resonance tomography were performed and revealed severe heart destruction and hemorrhage as cause of death. The present case report shows that postmortem imaging might have value as a screening method to decide whether arising forensic questions can be answered just by imaging like in the presented case or if further examinations such as conventional autopsy are required.

An unusual cause of hemoptysis--aberrant origin of the left pulmonary artery from the ascending aorta in the adult

Aberrant origin of a pulmonary artery from the ascending aorta is an uncommon congenital vascular malformation with poor survival without surgery. In this case report, we describe the unusual late diagnosis of this congenital malformation in an otherwise asymptomatic young man presenting with mild hemoptysis. We review the natural and modified history of this defect and the relevant aspects of follow-up in adult life.