Emotions and the habitus: Young people with socio-emotional differences (re)producing social, emotional and cultural capital in family and leisure space-times

In this paper we explore the importance of emotionally inter-dependent relationships to the functioning of embodied social capital and habitus. Drawing upon the experiences of young people with socio-emotional differences, we demonstrate how emotionally inter-dependent and relatively nurturing relationships are integral to the acquisition of social capital and to the co-construction and embodiment of habitus. The young people presented in this paper often had difficulties in forging social relationships and in acquiring symbolic and cultural capital in school spaces. However, we outline how these young people (re)produce and embody alternative kinds of habitus, based on emotionally reciprocal relationships forged through formal and informal leisure activities and familial and fraternal social relationships. These alternative forms of habitus provide sites of subjection, scope for acquiring social and cultural capital and a positive sense of identity in the face of problematic relations and experiences in school spaces.

Leadership identity in a small island developing state: the Jamaican context

While the role of leadership in improving schools is attracting more worldwide attention, there is a need for more research investigating leaders’ experiences in different national contexts. Using focus-group and semi-structured interview data, this paper explores the background, identities and experiences of a small group of Jamaican school leaders who were involved in a leadership development programme. By drawing on the concepts of culture, socialisation and identity, the paper examines how the participants’ journeys of becoming and being school leaders are influenced by national-level societal and cultural issues, experienced at a local level. The findings suggest that in becoming school leaders, the participants perceived that they had a strong sense of agency in attempting to change the social structures within the institutions they lead and in the surrounding local communities, which in turn, they hope, will have a lasting effect on the nation as a whole.

Poetry of social conscience, poetry of transition: Ann Hawkshaw's 'Introductory Stanzas' and 'The Mother to her Starving Child'

Through close readings of Ann Hawkshaw's poetry in the context of industrial Manchester in the 1840s, this article highlights the interaction of form and content in poetry that makes use of the idea of the past to question or complicate the politics of the present.

Social entrepreneurship in Sub-Saharan Africa

Responding to calls for a better understanding of the relationship between social enterprises and their environments, this article focuses on contextual influences on social entrepreneurship in sub-Saharan Africa. We identify four predominantly African contextual dimensions, i.e., acute poverty, informality, colonial history, and ethnic group identity, and explore their influence on the way social ventures perceive themselves and on their choice of activities. Our empirical study of 384 social enterprises from 19 sub-Saharan African countries suggests that ethnic group identity and high poverty levels influence both self-perception and activity choices, while the country’s colonial history only influences self-perception and informality has no significant influence on either. These findings point to the need to consider both self-perception and the choice of activities in defining social entrepreneurship. Our study also highlights the importance of African contextual dimensions for understanding social entrepreneurship, and underlines the added value of incorporating insights from African data into management research more broadly.

Students’ perception of privacy risks in using social networking sites for learning: a study of Uganda Christian University

Although social networking sites (SNSs) present a great deal of opportunities to support learning, the privacy risk is perceived by learners as a friction point that affects their full use for learning. Privacy risks in SNSs can be divided into risks that are posed by the SNS provider itself and risks that result from user’s social interactions. Using an online survey questionnaire, this study explored the students’ perception of the benefits in using social networking sites for learning purposes and their perceived privacy risks. A sample of 214 students from Uganda Christian University in Africa was studied. The results show that although 88 % of participants indicated the usefulness of SNSs for learning, they are also aware of the risks associated with these sites. Most of the participants are concerned with privacy risks such as identity theft, cyber bullying, and impersonation that might influence their online learning participation in SNSs.

”Potato seeking rice”: language, culture, and identity in gay personal ads in Hong Kong

This paper examines the relationship between language, culture, and identity in a corpus of gay personal ads collected from two publications in Hong Kong in the three years before the 1997 transition of sovereignty. Gay personal ads are seen äs an "island of discourse," whose marginal nature is reflected in the use of language and in turn reflects issues of marginalization in the larger social context. Using Fairclough's (1992, 1993) three- dimensional model for critical discourse analysis, an attempt is made to uncover the relationship between text structure and issues ofpower/ideology in the society that produces the texts. On the level of text, it was found that structural components, particularly the degree of grammatical elaboration, differ according to the stated race or cultural background of the authors and their targets. On the level of discourse practice, authors were found to appropriate a variety of "voices"from the larger culture arena, the use of which amplifies or limits the participation of particular classes of individuals. Finally, on the level of social practice, the ads were found to reflect and re-create both the racial stereotypes and heterosexist ideology found in the dominant culture.

Marketing the Damaged Self: The Construction of Identity in Advertisements Directed Towards People with HIV/AIDS

This paper explores the identities projected in advertisements directed towards HIV positive individuals and people with AIDS. Fifty such advertisements were collected from three popular American magazines for gay men over a period of seven months. Analysis of the ads reveals a paradoxical presentation of people with HIV/AIDS, which offers simultaneous conflicting images of hope and fear, power and weakness, innocence and guilt. An interactive sociolinguistic model through which this contradictory discourse might be understood is presented, drawing on Goffman’s insights on stigma management and the presentation of the self in social interaction. Advertisements directed towards people with HIV/AIDS, it is suggested, present a contradictory discourse in which the advertisers are positioned as ‘the wise’, offering to mediate the conflicting identities of the stigmatized. The identity values enacted in this contradictory discourse are further measured against American conceptions of communication and the self as observed by Carbaugh and others. The possible consequences of these positionings on the roles made available to people with HIV/AIDS in the wider social context are discussed.

The Construction of Identity in Edwidge Danticat's The Farming of Bones

The Farming of Bones deals with issues surrounding the dynamic connections between identity and boundary construction in post-colonial context. It will present an analysis of how the novelist problematizes and communicates her idea of social and national identity construction to her readers and how the readers can identify themselves with the struggles and challenges of the protagonist Amabelle who is trying to find her own identity. This essay will show how Danticat’s novel contributes to an understanding of national identity beyond borders and makes the reader take the role of an individual who constructs her identity by uncovering moments of raw humanness. Until now, no literary scholar has examined the protagonist’s therapeutic role in bridging this social and national gap. Instead critics have discussed other issues of the novel like crossing and re-crossing the border, love, dreams, etc. Although this scholarship has been very effective and rewarding, it lacks any focus on the complexity of the characters’ identity construction. Therefore, this paper will reconsider Danticat’s The Farming of Bones with a closer attention to the question of identity.

Speak Good English Movement in Singapore : Reactions in Social and Traditional Media

The first Speak Good English Movement, SGEM, took place in 2000, and has been organized annually ever since. Speaking a “standard” form of English is considered to bring increased personal power. However, the SGEM wants the Singaporeans to use “standard” English in their private life as well. A decade after the beginning of the campaign, a Speak Good Singlish Movement was started. Based on studies of language and identity, it is understandable why some Singaporeans might feel the SGEM threatens their identity. However, the reactions towards the campaign are mainly positive. For the purposes of this analysis, Twitter messages, Facebook pages, and newspaper articles from The Straits Times were collected. The SGEM has hailed both direct and indirect praise and criticism in both social and traditional media: Five newspaper articles praise the campaign while five criticize it; the results are nine and seven respectively for social media. This thesis looks at reactions towards the SGEM in both social and traditional media, analyzes how these reactions might relate to the ideas of the power of language, its variety and the relation of language and identity.

A conversão de D. José Brandão de Castro : a ação social de mediadores religiosos na Diocese de Propriá

This dissertation looked for to study the charisma of the religious mediator us " Movements of Christianity of Liberation " in the Diocese Sergipana of Propriá, during the decade from sixty to eighty. Centering our debate in the understanding of the social action, we have as main subject to understand the " poor " influence in the adoption of actions on the part of the mediators, in that public's favor, mainly in Fazenda Betume conflicts (1974) and of Santana dos Frades (1979). The hypotheses, we became pregnant that the mediators as D. José Brandão de Castro and the nun Maria Joana Hermínia exercised an important influence in the construction of the identity of the movements as CEBs, MEB and CPT in the area. Such influence was motivated by a conversion of the mediator D. Brandão, constituted starting from a relationship maintained between him and the members of the movements and proportionate for the critics and demands done by the popular ones. They resulted in actions in favor of the rural ones, what characterized the Church of Propriá as allied of the involved in the conflicts and no mere middleman. Before the collected material, we made use of the Analysis of Content using the poor " term " as analysis category, complemented by interviews done to members of the mentioned movements. Esta dissertação buscou estudar o carisma do mediador religioso nos “Movimentos de Cristianismo de Libertação” na Diocese Sergipana de Propriá, durante a década de sessenta a oitenta. Centrando nosso debate na compreensão da ação social, temos como questão principal entender a influência dos “pobres” na adoção de ações por parte do mediador, em favor desse público, principalmente nos conflitos da Fazenda Betume (1974) e de Santana dos Frades (1979). Como hipóteses, concebemos que os mediadores como D. José Brandão de Castro e a freira Maria Joana Hermínia exerceram uma importante influência na construção da identidade dos movimentos como as CEBs, o MEB e a CPT na região. Tal influência foi motivada por uma conversão do mediador D. Brandão, constituída a partir de uma relação mantida entre ele e os membros dos movimentos e proporcionada pelas críticas e demandas feita pelos populares. Elas resultaram em ações em favor dos campesinos, o que caracterizou a Igreja de Propriá como aliada dos envolvidos nos conflitos e não mera intermediária. Ante o material coletado, fizemos uso da Análise de Conteúdo utilizando o termo “pobre” como categoria de análise, complementada por entrevistas feitas à membros dos movimentos citados.

Kommunal marknadsföring- Competitive identity och institutionell problematik : En komparativ fallstudie om två svenska kommuner och deras marknadsföring

Historiskt sett finns det etablerade normer i samhället som säger att en kommun endast ska bedriva traditionell kommunal verksamhet som innefattar att tillgodose välfärden (vård, skola & omsorg). Dock så har globaliseringen och urbaniseringen skapat en konkurrens om invånare vilket har lett till att kommuner idag bedriver en allt mer utvecklad marknadsföring för att attrahera fler invånare. Den här fallstudien innehåller två objekt (kommuner). Vi vill undersöka den kommunala marknadsföringen genom att fokusera på begreppen competitive identity (CI) och institutionell problematik (IP). Begreppet CI innehåller en teoretisk genomgång av komponenter i kommunal marknadsföring och IP beskriver kommunernas komplexa situation med olika institutionella krav. Genom att analysera dessa begrepp mot praktiska fall kan vi bidra till ökad förståelse om kommunal marknadsföring som är vårt syfte. Vi presenterar även en egen modell i samband med begreppet CI som ger en nyanserad bild av ämnet. Studiens resultat identifierar att kommunerna har speciella målgrupper som likt ett företag varierar beroende på deras ställning på marknaden. Genom skapandet av en CI deklarerar kommunen en önskvärd image där företeelser som inte bidrar till den blir exkluderade. Det gestaltar sig på olika sätt vilket analyseras grundligt i studien. Samtidigt illustreras motsägelsen när respondenterna i fallen säger att det är medborgarna som håller uppe imagen. Studien visar att det inte finns en enhetlig bild hur man som kommun ska hantera den institutionella komplexitet som uppstår. Fallen presenterar två olika synsätt som de finner mer lämpligt.

A Comunicação Social do IBGE e as novas tecnologias para a integração da informação: o caso da introdução da Internet

O presente trabalho tenta mostrar a importância da aplicação de novas tecnologias no mundo globalizado, especialmente a rede Internet, como ferramenta indispensável na melhoria da qualidade da divulgação dos estudos produzidos pelo Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística - IBGE, pela Coordenação de Comunicação Social do órgão. A pesquisa valeu-se de documentos administrativos, tais como Decretos, Resoluções, Portarias, Boletins de Serviço, entre outros materiais disponíveis que pudessem auxiliar nessa memória institucional. Utilizou como embasamento teórico a literatura especializada e para a pesquisa qualitativa aplicou a metodologia pertinente à pesquisa com coleta de dados da História Oral. Com o propósito de resgatar e percorrer o caminho histórico da criação do site do IBGE na Internet e a ampliação de seu uso por localidades do Brasil, esta pesquisa priorizou a importância que a Internet teve para a divulgação e disseminação dos trabalhos produzidos pelo IBGE. Para poder analisar esse processo foi preciso recorrer a alguns conceitos capazes de ajudar na reflexão sobre as transformações em curso, tais como: inovação tecnológica, cultura comunicacional, globalização, identidade global, identidade nacional, entre outros.

Participação Infantil: experiência de pesquisa realizada em organização social na Zona Oeste do Rio de Janeiro

Este trabalho se propõe a ser um fio na teia de reflexões que tecem o debate sobre a participação infantil a partir do ponto de vista das crianças em co-operação com adultos. Sua trama se compõe de campos distintos e autônomos - infância, direito social e participação -, que se cruzam e inter-relacionam, investigados no âmbito de uma experiência realizada na organização social Fundação Xuxa Meneghel, que tem como eixo central de suas ações a promoção e a proteção de crianças e adolescentes que vivem em situação de vulnerabilidade social na Zona Oeste do município do Rio de Janeiro. Trata-se de uma micro-experiência, que pretende compreender o ser criança em relação aos seus direitos humanos e sociais, observando sua influência nas práticas sociais presentes na nossa cultura. O direito à participação infantil - entendida como ferramenta para a auto-proteção e a promoção das crianças como sujeitos plenos exercitando a cidadania - se materializou numa investigação em que as concepções metodológicas convencionais foram se re-construindo por meio das vozes infantis em diálogo com seus pares e com os adultos. As crianças apresentaram seus pontos de vista e as significações que atribuem ao seu entorno e a suas possibilidades e limites de participar de forma genuína nas suas principais instâncias de socialização: família, escola e comunidade. A experiência se constitui numa provocação do olhar para as identidades e as culturas das crianças que dela participaram, para suas vivências expressas por representações de ações e emoções contextualizadas no tempo e no espaço, numa tentativa de compor com elas - e ampliando para todas as crianças da instituição - uma compreensão do que significa o direito de participar, ensinado e apreendido em perspectiva social e cultural.

Autodeterminação local e desenvolvimento: uma análise da dinâmica social no município de São Roque de Minas

In this thesis, the basic research of Chase and Simon (1973) is questioned, and we seek new results by analyzing the errors of experts and beginners chess players in experiments to reproduce chess positions. Chess players with different levels of expertise participated in the study. The results were analyzed by a Brazilian grandmaster, and quantitative analysis was performed with the use of statistical methods data mining. The results challenge significantly, the current theories of expertise, memory and decision making in this area, because the present theory predicts piece on square encoding, in which players can recognize the strategic situation reproducing it faithfully, but commit several errors that the theory can¿t explain. The current theory can¿t fully explain the encoding used by players to register a board. The errors of intermediary players preserved fragments of the strategic situation, although they have committed a series of errors in the reconstruction of the positions. The encoding of chunks therefore includes more information than that predicted by current theories. Currently, research on perception, trial and decision is heavily concentrated on the idea of 'pattern recognition'. Based on the results of this research, we explore a change of perspective. The idea of 'pattern recognition' presupposes that the processing of relevant information is on 'patterns' (or data) that exist independently of any interpretation. We propose that the theory suggests the vision of decision-making via the recognition of experience.

Relações entre a escolarização do adolescente e a antecipação do desempenho de um papel social

The achievement of an adolescent’s psychosocial identity is influenced by identifications developed within the family. Along the schooling process, the adolescent experiences success and failure. Such experiences are given a special meaning, according to social ideals that are reproduced at school. The assimilation of these ideals, as values, can be perceived in the social representations of success or failure at school. The spreading of a certain ideological order acts as a background for self-identity. This is the framework within which the choice of a future role, translated by the desired profession, will be done. Statistical analysis of data, collected by a survey that held such assumptions, led to the conclusion that family and school select each other, and make an agreement that is honored by common social values, in search of a social role for the coming generations.